[{"kind":"article","title":"SOCIAL VALUES REFLECTED IN THE DEATH RITUALS OF THE KOTA TRIBE OF THE NILGIRIS","authors":"Tamizharuvi T; Dr. M. Nageswari","year":2026,"doi":"10.29121/shodhkosh.v7.i2.2026.8868","url":"https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v7.i2.2026.8868","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v7.i2.2026.8868","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Death rituals play a crucial role in the cultural expression of indigenous groups, reflecting the values of the society and signifying a group's cultural identity. The death rituals of Kota tribes of the Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu are discussed with its association with social value shown in the ritual performance and funeral ceremony. Besides using secondary sources like ethnological literature, historical records, and scholarly work on the Kota people, the study employs methods such as ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation, oral narratives and funeral songs. It will examine the ways in which funerals communicate ideas of kinship, communal responsibility and reciprocity, as well as respect for the dead, and help save and retain cultural memories and indigenous identity. It also analyzes a traditional Kota funeral song, to see the transmission and preservation of the moral values and cultural memory of the community over the years, generations and centuries. When viewed beyond their ceremonial purpose, Kota death rituals, as outlined in the article, seem to be strong expressions of social cohesion and indigenous identity. A short comparative description placing the unique cultural importance of the Kota mortuary practices within a larger ethnological framework of ethnicity, ritual and cultural continuity and transmission is provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Angiospermic Diversity of Gobichettipalayam Taluk","authors":"Kirubaalini T.A; B. D Sheeja","year":2026,"doi":"10.51470/jod.2026.5.1.50","url":"https://doi.org/10.51470/jod.2026.5.1.50","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This study provides a comprehensive inventory of the angiospermic flora within the Gobichettipalayam Taluk of Erode District, Tamil Nadu. Field investigations conducted during the 2024–2025 period revealed a high level of botanical diversity. A total of 310 species were identified, representing 77 distinct families. The floristic composition is heavily weighted toward Dicotyledons, which comprise 262 species, while Monocotyledons are represented by 48 species. This distribution reflects the typical evolutionary diversity found in the semi-arid to tropical regions of Tamil Nadu. The categorization of the recorded species, based on their growth forms, highlights the prevalence of ephemeral and perennial herbs. Herbs: 115 species (Dominant), Shrubs: 90 species, Trees: 64 species, Climbers: 40 species, Succulents: 1 species (Least represented)"},{"kind":"article","title":"Frugal Voice: Offline Community–Governed Speech Models for the Soliga Tribe in Karnataka","authors":"Sarbani Banerjee Belur, Nandha Sathiaseelan, Prashant Bannulmath, Sunil Saumya, Shruti Maralappanavar, K T Deepak, S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna, Arjuna Sathiaseelan","year":2026,"doi":"10.1145/3811242.3819092","url":"https://openalex.org/W7170147048","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3811242.3819092","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Low-resource and tribal languages in India are at acute risk of digital extinction because contemporary language technologies overwhelmingly target high-resource languages and centralized, cloud-hosted large models that are expensive to train, deploy, and adapt. Centralized automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) pipelines require large amounts of labelled data, stable connectivity, and significant compute resources, all of which are misaligned with the infrastructural realities and socio-economic conditions of many tribal communities in India. These constraints are particularly visible for the Soliga community, a Dravidian-language-speaking tribe in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Hills of Karnataka, whose language has no widely used script and for which digital resources remain scarce. We present a socio-technical framework and prototype for building low-cost voice models with and for the Soliga tribe using offline, edge-based federated learning. The framework combines community-governed data collection and consent processes, on-device training of compact ASR and keyword-spotting models, and an intermittent-connectivity aggregation protocol that runs on low-cost edge hardware. Our experiments show that, even with only 5 hours of Soliga speech, a centralized Wav2Vec 2.0 baseline achieves a word error rate (WER) of 37.95% and character error rate (CER) of 11.11%, and that a federated frugal architecture trained on the same small corpus can approach this performance (WER 44.20%, CER 15.80%) while keeping data local and under community control."},{"kind":"article","title":"Asian Elephant Futures Research: Ancient Myth, Modern Practice, and Futures Metaphor within the Anthropocene — Transforming the Futures of Human-Elephant Relations in Asia","authors":"Russell Clemens","year":2026,"doi":"10.25907/01023","url":"https://openalex.org/W7135204589","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25907/01023","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"University of the Sunshine Coast","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This thesis investigates the communicative and epistemic barriers impeding effective, collaborative, and transdisciplinary approaches to human–elephant coexistence (HECx) in South Asia. Focusing on the endangered Asian elephant as both ecological and cultural keystone, the study situates the UNESCO Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in South India as a focal point within global conservation frameworks, such as the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the Nature Futures Framework (NFF). The ongoing decline of Asian elephant populations, driven by habitat loss, human–elephant conflict (HEC), and fragmented policy responses, reflects both a global ecological crisis and an existential threat to Dharmic civilisational identity. While conservation science has traditionally focused on technical interventions, persistent communicative and epistemic barriers undermine effective stakeholder collaboration and the integration of diverse knowledge systems. Addressing these gaps is essential for moving beyond conflict-driven paradigms toward sustainable, regenerative, pluralistic human–elephant futures. This research employs a multi-phase, qualitative design grounded in Critical Futures Studies (CFS), geophilosophy, and semiotics. Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) is applied to interrogate the litany, systemic, worldview, and myth/metaphor layers shaping HECx discourse. The analysis draws on secondary data, including policy documents, academic literature, and media across the 13 Asian elephant range countries. The study integrates a triadic, stage-based conceptual framework—territorialisation (empirical grounding), deterritorialisation (critical deconstruction), and reterritorialisation (reconstruction of actionable pathways)—to map knowledge gaps, discursive misalignments, and communicative barriers inhibiting effective collaboration and creative futures scenarios. A central innovation is the development of a colour semiotic triple bottom line (TBL) Rosetta Stone framework, inspired by the futures triangle, Samkhya philosophy, and Peircean semiotics. This framework is a product of the developmental arc of this thesis, and its integration as a methodological focus developed as the research progressed. The model emerged in the latter stages of the study and facilitates cross-cultural and interdisciplinary communication by providing a shared visual and conceptual language common for pluralistic coordination. It is operationalised through the alignment of the NBR context with global frameworks—for example, the IPBES, NFF, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The methodology also draws on the Viable System Model (VSM) to address systemic viability and policy “undecidability.” It incorporates scenario fabulation and backcasting to envision nature-positive posthuman, regenerative futures. By foregrounding ideal speech communication (Habermas, 1984, 1989), and integrating Dharmic values and local knowledge systems, the study advances a decolonising, polyvocal/polylogue Global South approach to environmental futures. The analysis demonstrates that dominant conservation discourses insufficiently address the deep underlying communicative, epistemic, and semiotic barriers impeding HECx. The proposed colour semiotic TBL Rosetta Stone framework (CSTBLRS) enables stakeholders from diverse backgrounds to bridge epistemic divides and co-create regenerative scenarios aligned with global policy instruments (IPBES, NFF, IUCN). The framework is also adaptable for use in graphical information systems (GIS). The research shows that decolonising conservation discourse can help foster more inclusive, pluralistic, and regenerative human–elephant futures. By advancing ideal speech spaces, grounded in colour semiotics, the thesis offers practical environments for stakeholder dialogue, scenario fabulation, and collaborative decision-making. This approach addresses technical and policy gaps whil"},{"kind":"article","title":"Diversity of woody vegetation in the buffer zone of silent valley national park, Kerala","authors":"R Balaji, R Prasanna, S Arunkumar, P Malliga, C Kunhikannan","year":2026,"doi":"10.33545/26649926.2026.v8.i7c.949","url":"https://openalex.org/W7171316030","oa_url":"https://www.biologyjournal.net/archives/2026/vol8issue7/PartC/8-7-39-607.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Biology Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Buffer zone (Latitude 11°2′-11°14′ N and Longitude 76°21′-76°32′ E) surrounding Silent Valley National Park is an ecologically important region located within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Palakkad district, Kerala. The area functions as a protective barrier that minimizes human interference and helps maintain the ecological integrity of the core rainforest ecosystem. The present study evaluated the diversity and composition of woody species in five different forest types of the buffer zone using the quadrat sampling method. The investigated forest types include West Coast Tropical Evergreen Forest, West Coast Semi-evergreen Forest, Southern Moist Mixed Deciduous Forest, Southern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest, and Southern Montane Wet Temperate Forest. Among these, the West Coast Tropical Evergreen Forest exhibited the highest species richness with 141 woody species, along with a Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 2.767, Simpson diversity index of 0.900, and stand density of 1035 stems ha⁻¹. The West Coast Semi-evergreen Forest recorded 83 species with Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices of 2.496 and 0.895, respectively, and a stand density of 699 stems ha⁻¹. The South Indian Moist Deciduous Forest contained 77 woody species with diversity indices of 2.253 and 0.877, and a stand density of 415 stems ha⁻¹. The South Indian Dry Deciduous Forest showed 52 woody species with Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices of 2.318 and 0.888, respectively, and a stand density of 488 stems ha⁻¹. The Southern Montane Wet Temperate Forest supported 63 woody species with a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.527, Simpson index of 0.897, and stand density of 1032 stems ha⁻¹. The study demonstrates significant variation in woody species diversity and stand structure among the forest types, highlighting the ecological significance of the Silent Valley buffer zone in biodiversity conservation and sustainable forest management."},{"kind":"article","title":"Unearthing hidden diversity: two new moniligastrid earthworms (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) from Silent Valley National Park of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, Kerala, India","authors":"K.T. Fahis, S. PRASANTH NARAYANAN, R. PALIWAL, K.S. Anoop Das, V.P. SYLAS, NAVEEN BABU, A.P. THOMAS, J.M. JULKA","year":2026,"doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.5760.2.2","url":"https://openalex.org/W7130957763","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zootaxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"New moniligastrid earthworms of the genera Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 and Drawida Michaelsen, 1900 are described from the specimens collected from the Silent Valley National Park, in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of the Western Ghats mountain chain, Kerala State, India. M. girishi Narayanan, Paliwal &amp; Julka, sp. nov., and D. reynoldsi Narayanan, Paliwal &amp; Julka, sp. nov., were collected from the tropical wet evergreen forest and montane grassland, respectively. By the possession of single undivided spermathecal atrial gland at each side of the anterior body, M. girishi sp. nov., belonging to the gravelyi species-group and it can be distinguished from other group members by the condition of the prostate and especially the prostatic capsule. Drawida reynoldsi sp. nov., belongs to the D. robusta species-group, which is characterized by glandular prostates and bilobed spermathecal atria. D. reynoldsi sp. nov., can easily be differentiated from all the members of the robusta group by the sausage-like prostatic capsule and large erect spermathecal atrium. An updated key to species of the genus Moniligaster is also provided. With the inclusion of the two newly identified species, India’s moniligastrid fauna now comprises 95 recognized species, highlighting both the richness and continued discovery potential of this group."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diversity of Orchids in Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, Kodagu – An updated checklist","authors":"Kaushik M. Pandeera, Pavan S, Naveen Rawth, Venugopal P, Shreyas Betageri, Pramod A. F","year":2026,"doi":"10.51470/abp.2026.05.02.01","url":"https://openalex.org/W7165959765","oa_url":"https://www.actabotanica.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Diversity-of-Orchids-in-Nagarahole-Tiger-Reserve-Kodagu-–-An-updated-checklist.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Acta Botanica Plantae","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Orchidaceae is the second largest family under the Kingdom Plantae with over 31,000 known species. Orchids found in diverse environment. Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, part of Nilgiri Biosphere reserve, extends from the foothills of Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, situated in Kodagu and Mysore district. The current study focused on documenting the orchids in Kodagu region of Nagarahole Tiger Reserve viz. Kahalla, Anechowkur and Nagarahole forest ranges. The study carried out a non-invasive opportunistic survey from August 2025 – April 2026 recording 26 species of orchids including 18 epiphytic and 8 terrestrial species. Thehighest number of species composition recorded in Dendrobium Sw andOberoniaLindlwith four species each and two species underEulophia R.Br. Current survey documented 26 species including eight new species of orchids in Nagarahole Tiger Reserve, raising the count from 46 to 54 species. Further enumeration is required for complete documentation of Orchid flora in Nagarahole Tiger Reserve."},{"kind":"article","title":"Livelihoods and Skilling for Adivasi","authors":"Snehlata Nath, Jyotsna Krishnakumar","year":2026,"doi":"10.4324/9781003730804-14","url":"https://openalex.org/W7154686108","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Indigenous communities have long relied on their understanding of local ecosystems for sustenance and cultural preservation. However, rapid environmental changes and globalisation threaten their traditional livelihoods and knowledge systems. This chapter investigates the Keystone Foundation&s;s model in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which addresses these challenges by advocating for resource rights, community-based conservation, and value addition. By integrating traditional and modern skills using a case study approach, the study demonstrates how this comprehensive approach has led to income diversification, enhancing economic opportunities, building climate resilience, and preserving the cultural heritage of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). The findings suggest that policymakers and development practitioners should integrate modern skills with Indigenous wisdom and traditional ecological knowledge in conservation and livelihood initiatives. This can help create a framework that balances economic growth, environmental protection, and cultural preservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Data and code: Invasive N-fixing trees transform nitrate export from being supply- to transport-limited in a forest-grassland mosaic","authors":"Manaswi Raghurama, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Ravinder Singh Bhalla, Srinivas Vaidyanathan, Mahesh Sankaran","year":2026,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.19643740","url":"https://openalex.org/W7154829887","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19643740","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This dataset is from a study aimed at understanding the impacts of woody Nitrogen (N)-fixing invasive plants (Acacia mearnsii) on nutrient and sediment outflow in a montane tropical forest-grassland mosaic in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India. Details of statistical analyses and results are given in the (to be published) manuscript: Raghurama, M., Krishnaswamy, J., Bhalla, R. S., Vaidyanathan, S., & Sankaran, M. (2026). Invasive N-fixing trees transform nitrate export from being supply- to transport-limited in a forest-grassland mosaic [Manuscript submitted for publication to the journal \"Ecological Applications\"]. Unzip the zip file to get the ReadMe file with more details about the dataset and accompanying code."},{"kind":"article","title":"Processed datasets and geospatial images for Integrated Geospatial Assessment of Land Use Dynamics, Landscape Fragmentation, and Climate Interactions in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Sai Saraswathi Vijayaraghavalu, Mohamed Tharik, Kumaraguru Arumugam","year":2026,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.19247234","url":"https://openalex.org/W7141404385","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19247234","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This records contains datasets of climatic parameters and processed geospatial images used for the research"},{"kind":"article","title":"Sagina nilagirica (Sagineae, Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Western Ghats, India)","authors":"Subramanian Athira, GOVINDAN KANAKAMBIKA, MANIKANDAN SMITHA, S. Remya, ABDUL AZEEZ MUHSINA, Chandrasekharan Nair Maya","year":2026,"doi":"10.48580/dglny","url":"https://openalex.org/W7129045635","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48580/dglny","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"The Catalogue of Life","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"B. Karthik, M. Murugesan, V. Anusuba, M. Premkumar, R. Tharani","year":2026,"doi":"10.48580/d4fh4","url":"https://openalex.org/W7129012568","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48580/d4fh4","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"The Catalogue of Life","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY DYNAMICS IN THE NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE: A CLIMATE-DRIVEN ANALYSIS","authors":"Srinivasan Korappath, Murali K V","year":2026,"doi":"10.13140/rg.2.2.23739.99365","url":"https://openalex.org/W7171876554","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.13140/rg.2.2.23739.99365","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessing the geospatial distribution and association of microplastics with water quality in the lakes of Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Nivetha Paranthaman, Biswajita Mohanty, M. Annie Jenifer","year":2026,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-52934-5","url":"https://openalex.org/W7163016834","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-52934-5","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Reports","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants which of global concern impacting water quality of an aquatic ecosystem. However, the investigation on the MPs is uncommon as compared to the water quality parameter analysis particularly in South India. This study analysed the MPs abundance, their polymer characterisation and physicochemical parameters of water quality in five lakes fed by the River Palar in South India. Water samples were collected from the lakes to analyse 14 physico-chemical parameters to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI)MPs were extracted from the water samples using density separation, and their polymer characterisation was performed using light microscopy, SEM & FTIR spectroscopy. The concentration of MP ranged from 89 to 637 mg/L across the five lakes with the highest concentration from Lake Saduperi showing (673 mg/L). Nine major Polymer types were identified, which includes Polyamide (Nylon), Polyethylene (PE), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). SEM micrographs revealed irregular, surface-cracked microplastic structures with co-contaminants. Geospatial analysis of water quality parameters indicated sharp regional variations in water quality, showing higher contamination around urban settlements, solid waste disposal sites, and from agricultural runoff zones. The estimation of Pearson correlation revealed a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.9) between the concentration of MP and Phosphate (r = 0.98, FDR-adjusted p = 0.0496)-which clearly indicates a direct effect of MP on water. An overall WQI comparison of the five lakes highlighted that the water quality was poor and unsuitable for drinking in all lakes except one i.e., Lake Sathyamangalam. This study provides novel insights on the MP- Phosphate co-occurrence in the study area. A targeted monitoring of phosphate-MP and polymer-specific source tracking is recommended to prevent contamination in the freshwater systems. This study also supports regional water management, and aids urban planners in environmental management and policy modifications."},{"kind":"article","title":"Dog Management and Owner Perceptions: Implications for Wildlife Conservation in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Sanjana Vadakke Kuruppath, Ramesh Krishnamurthy","year":2026,"doi":"10.14237/ebl.17.1.2026.1956","url":"https://doi.org/10.14237/ebl.17.1.2026.1956","oa_url":"https://ojs.ethnobiology.org/index.php/ebl/article/download/1956/1118","licence":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Ethnobiology Letters","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Free-ranging domestic dogs threaten wild species in natural ecosystems due to disease transmission, competition with wild predators, and predation of wild prey. Despite the deeply commensal nature of the dog-human relationship, it is often not included as a dimension of dog-wildlife conflict. To understand how and why people keep dogs in areas with wildlife presence, as well as people’s perceptions of dog-wildlife interaction, we conducted surveys in five villages within Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India, where animal birth control has been ongoing for almost three decades. Seventy percent (n = 81) of respondents kept dogs, of which most were free-ranging and fed leftover human food. Dogs were primarily kept for security purposes by the majority (n = 40) of dog owners. The majority of respondents also supported sterilization programs (n = 95), believed that dogs did not affect wildlife (n = 48), that dogs did not enter the forest (n = 50), and that leopard lifting of dogs was widespread (n = 67). Almost none of these responses showed any difference with respect to demographic variables (age class, sex, and dog ownership) when tested with Fisher’s exact test. While reporting of predation by dogs may have been biased by fear of punitive action, our results indicate that dogs are a valuable security system that protect life and property from wildlife, potentially mitigating human-wildlife conflict. They also indicate that the cause and extent of dog-wildlife encounters require research attention. Both dog management and wildlife conservation strategies should take into account the needs of local residents as well as multidimensional aspects of the dog-human-wildlife interface, such as garbage dumps attracting wildlife to villages, to achieve successful long-term outcomes."},{"kind":"article","title":"Life Chances and Livelihoods of the Alu Kurumbas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"F. Rehman, R. Prasad, P. Chandran, S. Nath, A. Varghese","year":2026,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-51703-7_198-1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51703-7_198-1","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Usability Evaluation of Electronic Information Resources in Academic Libraries in Erode District","authors":"Dr. V. Senthur Velmurugan, M. Kumaramani","year":2026,"doi":"10.63593/sssh.2709-7862.2026.05.004","url":"https://doi.org/10.63593/sssh.2709-7862.2026.05.004","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Studies in Social Science &amp; Humanities","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"AN ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOR TOWARDS  INSTANT FOOD PRODUCTS IN ERODE DISTRICT","authors":"Mr.S.Sundaraprakash Mr.S.Sundaraprakash","year":2026,"doi":"10.55041/ijsrem62944","url":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem62944","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on TPACK Competency among B.Ed. Students in Erode District","authors":"Malliga T, Sridhar N","year":2026,"doi":"10.55454/rcsas.6.04.2026.003","url":"https://doi.org/10.55454/rcsas.6.04.2026.003","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"The Review of Contemporary Scientific and Academic Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Impact of Customer Satisfaction Towards Social Media Reels and Short Videos on Purchase Decision in Erode District","authors":", Dr.G. PUNITHA, S .VELVIZHI., D. VIDHYA.","year":2026,"doi":"10.55041/ijsrem56652","url":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem56652","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A STUDY ON IMPACT OF 5G ON MOBILE COMMERCE IN ERODE DISTRICT","authors":"Dr.K.Kaleeswari, S.Swathi","year":2026,"doi":"10.64672/ijifr/26.02.13.06.002","url":"https://doi.org/10.64672/ijifr/26.02.13.06.002","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal Of Informative and Futuristic Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Users Awareness of ICT Based E Resources in Self Finance Wing of Erode Arts &amp; Science College in   Erode District –A Study","authors":"C. Siva Prakash, T.Magudeeswaran","year":2026,"doi":"10.64938/bijsi.v10i3.26.apr135","url":"https://doi.org/10.64938/bijsi.v10i3.26.apr135","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"BODHI International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Escalating Human–Elephant Conflict in the Bandipur Landscape: Evidence from Farmer Perceptions","authors":"Srinivas Adarsh, Gowda Bharat, Lingaraju H.G.","year":2026,"doi":"10.33745/ijzi.2026.v12i01.028","url":"https://openalex.org/W7130850563","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2026.v12i01.028","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Zoological Investigations","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Human-elephant conflict (HEC) has risen across South Asia, as agricultural expansion and habitat fragmentation push elephants and rural communities to share landscapes.This study looks at farmers' opinions, conflict experiences, and attitudes toward mitigation measures in villages near the Omkar Range in Bandipur National Park, Karnataka, India.Field surveys were conducted in 12 forest-edge settlements from July to August 2025, utilizing structured questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews with 120 respondents.The survey collected data on socio-demographic variables, landholding and cropping patterns, the frequency and nature of elephant encounters, the extent of damage, mitigation methods, compensation mechanisms, and community attitudes towards elephants and conservation.The results show that HEC is common and growing in the study area, with 70.8% of respondents reporting an increase in conflict over the last five years.Crop raiding was the most common type of conflict, with 56.6% of households reporting more than 50% seasonal crop loss and 26.7% witnessing total crop failure.Elephant intrusions happened mostly at night and during the wet season, with agricultural fields serving as the principal battle zone.Traditional deterrence techniques, such as firecrackers, noise, and night guarding, were extensively used but viewed as useless and temporary.Compensation measures were considered as insufficient, with 82.5% of impacted farmers reporting no compensation and 90% dissatisfied with current procedures.Despite substantial economic losses and safety risks, community attitudes toward elephants remained largely tolerant, reflecting cultural acceptance and coexistence values.The study highlights the urgent need for integrated, landscape-level mitigation strategies that strengthen compensation systems, improve physical barriers, enhance early-warning mechanisms, and promote community participation to sustain long-term coexistence between humans and elephants in conflict-prone regions."},{"kind":"article","title":"Preserving Indigenous Identity: A Study of Traditional Customs among the Toda Tribe","authors":"T. Tamizharuvi, M. Nageshwari","year":2026,"doi":"10.64938/bijri.v10n2.26.jan005","url":"https://openalex.org/W7147184155","oa_url":"https://bodhijournals.com/index.php/bijrhas/article/download/464/435","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Bodhi International Journal of Research in Humanities Arts and Science","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This article explains the value of preserving the Toda community’s indigenous identity in a modern context by looking at their practices. The Toda community is located in the Nilgiri hills. The article discusses the history of the community, its social organization, and cultural practices such as dress, religion, life-cycle rituals, and oral histories, combining fieldwork and secondary materials. The article also addresses the effects of migration, urbanization, and changes in social values on the Toda way of life and also partners in the efforts of the Toda community and others, to preserve the culture. The article ends by asserting the importance of cultural practice and suggests ways of preserving that culture into the future."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ritual Continuity and Symbolic Representation: A Comparative Cultural Study of Sangam Literature and Megalithic Traditions of the Nilgiri Hills","authors":"Shanlax Journals","year":2026,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18206120","url":"https://openalex.org/W7153512186","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18206120","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This research paper, “Rituals and Symbolism in Sangam and Megalithic Traditions of the Nilgiris,” explores the interrelationship between Sangam age rituals and symbolism and those that took place in the southern part of Tamil Nadu, as well as their similarities with the megalithic traditions of the Nilgiris. Sangam literature, such as Agananuru and Purananuru, mentions rituals and symbolism that have been followed since the megalithic period. Today, in Nilgiris, the megalithic traditions, symbolism, and rituals from the Sangam period are still practiced and followed by indigenous tribal communities, including the Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Irulas, Paniya, Kattunayaka, and Baduga. This paper explores how rituals and symbolism in the Sangam age are connected to the Nilgiris’ megalithic period and how cultural continuity is practiced by the tribes in the Nilgiris."},{"kind":"article","title":"Guardians of Traditional Wisdom: A Documentation on Soliga Tribal Medicine of BRT Tiger Reserve, Yelandur Taluk, Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka, India","authors":null,"year":2026,"doi":"10.24214/jcbps.b.16.3.60624","url":"https://openalex.org/W7166883660","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.24214/jcbps.b.16.3.60624","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Chemical Biological and Physical Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The indigenous Soliga community inhabiting the Biligiri Rangana Hills (BRT Tiger Reserve) of Yelandur Taluk, Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka, possesses a rich repository of traditional medicinal knowledge that has been orally transmitted across generations.Deeply intertwined with their cultural beliefs, spirituality, and close relationship with nature, the Soliga healthcare system primarily relies on the use of locally available medicinal plants for the treatment of a wide range of human ailments.The present study aimed to document the ethnomedicinal knowledge of the Soliga tribe and assess the diversity of medicinal plant species in selected areas of the BRT region.Ethnobotanical data were collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), semistructured interviews, key informant discussions, and direct field observations involving traditional healers, community elders, forest personnel, and local residents from different Soliga settlements (podus).Information regarding medicinal plant species, vernacular names, plant parts used, methods of preparation, and therapeutic applications was systematically recorded.The documented remedies were used to treat ailments such as fever, epilepsy, infertility, gastrointestinal disorders, skin diseases, jaundice, respiratory illnesses, diabetes, hypertension, urinary disorders, menstrual complications, bone fractures, snake and insect bites, insomnia, anxiety, and various inflammatory conditions."},{"kind":"article","title":"Fortress conservation versus traditional forest management: the example of Soliga tribal people from the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Kamaljit K. Sangha, M. Balasubramanian, C. Madegowda, S Siddappa Setty, Jeremy Russell-Smith","year":2026,"doi":"10.1080/26395916.2026.2698265","url":"https://openalex.org/W7171407045","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/26395916.2026.2698265?needAccess=true","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Ecosystems and People","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Wildlife conservation is typically achieved by excluding, evacuating or alienating the rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs). This fortress conservation approach has led to uprooting, ongoing distress and despondency among many IPLCs worldwide. However, in the expansive and deep forests of the Western Ghats, India, the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary (BRTWS) offers a prime conservation exemplar where tribal (Adivasi) people, the Soligas, have been living with wild animals, especially tigers, leopards, elephants and managing forest resources for millennia. We provide an integrated ecological, socio-cultural and policy analysis of Soligas living in the Biligiri landscape, applying Ostrom’s socio-ecological framework. We highlight the need to understand and recognise the importance of Adivasi people’s connections, knowledge and skills in forest management. Comparing traditional and contemporary conservation approaches, we identify the need for collective action and collaboration between State authorities and Soliga communities to effectively manage forest resources, including emerging threats (e.g. pernicious weeds, pests, wildfires). Involving tribal people with the knowledge and skills to manage their natural systems can offer a win–win situation for supporting people’s well-being and for governments to reduce management costs and protect wildlife in Protected Areas. The BRTWS example demonstrates the cost-effective practical advantages of a collaborative, community-based conservation approach for meeting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ensuring the delivery of ecosystem services for local communities and wider society."},{"kind":"article","title":"From Awareness to Enterprise: A Participatory Innovation Framework for Vulture Safe Zones in the Nilgiri Biosphere","authors":"Bharathidasan, Dhivyalakshumi, Vasanthi","year":2026,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-13419-6_6","url":"https://openalex.org/W7117976356","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Lecture notes in networks and systems","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Occurrence of plant species in areas around Kolacamby in the southern Nilgiris, India","authors":"Arunachala Skaria Gamuz, A. P. Madhavan, Navendu Page","year":2026,"doi":"10.15468/tn7q3k","url":"https://openalex.org/W7135087699","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15468/tn7q3k","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Global Biodiversity Information Facility","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Plant species recorded during field surveys in four localities trails in the southern Nilgiris, India. The localities were surveyed on foot and all species of trees and notable shrubs and herbs were recorded. The first locality was in the Manar estate region, a second in Cammandu Shola Reserved Forest, a third in Thaishola, and the fourth trail was in the Pillur region (Melur Slopes Reserved Forest, Coimbatore Division), all within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Description of a new species of the earthworm genus Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of Tamil Nadu State, India","authors":"S. Prasanth Narayanan, Shakoor Ahmed, A. P. Thomas","year":2026,"doi":"10.48580/dgnnt","url":"https://openalex.org/W7129066277","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48580/dgnnt","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"The Catalogue of Life","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Composition and physico-chemical properties of Panchagavya","authors":"Subash R, Kumaresan G, Pandiyan C, Ramesh V, Ganapathi P","year":2026,"doi":"10.22271/veterinary.2026.v11.i6sa.3499","url":"https://openalex.org/W7164887342","oa_url":"https://www.veterinarypaper.com/pdf/2026/vol11issue6S/PartA/S-11-6-11-467.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A study was conducted to evaluate the composition and physico-chemical properties of panchagavya prepared from Bargur cattle dairy products namely dung, urine, milk, curd and ghee. The study aimed to prepare panchagavya using two different methods, namely the Natarajan (2003) method (P1) and the traditional method (P2), and to assess their composition and physico-chemical properties. The proximate composition analysis revealed no significant differences in moisture (%) and crude fat (%) content between panchagavya samples P1 (89.00±0.26 and 2.77±0.07) and P2 (88.67±0.33 and 2.60±0.08) was observed. Crude fibre (%) content was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) in P2 (1.40±0.15) than P1 (0.71±0.08); however, crude ash (%) content was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in P1 (3.00±0.19) than P2 (2.40±0.06). Crude protein (%) and energy (Kcal/Kg) content (4034.17±33.15) were significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) in P1 (2.78±0.03 and 4034.17±33.15) when compared to P2 (2.33±0.02 and 3743.33±44.10). The physico-chemical analysis revealed that the pH of P2 (4.72±0.05) was significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) than P1 (3.64±0.05). No significant difference was observed in electrical conductivity (ds/m) and nitrogen (%) values between P1 (13.50±0.65 and 0.30±0.06) and P2 (12.50±0.65 and 0.23±0.04). Organic carbon (%) content was significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) in P1 (3.62±0.19) than P2 (2.43±0.24). Phosphorus (%) content was significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) in P1 (0.05±0.01) than P2 (0.03±0.01), similarly potassium (%) content was significantly higher (P&lt;0.01) in P1 (0.36±0.01) than P2 (0.29±0.02). In conclusion, the panchagavya prepared from Natarajan (2003) method (P1) is comparatively superior nutritional properties than panchagavya (P2) prepared from traditional method, hence panchagavya (P1) can be used in agriculture and animal production."},{"kind":"article","title":"Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Bacterial Isolates from Foot Rot Lesions in Bargur Cattle from Anthiyur, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Yaswanthkumar Sivakumar, Venkitachalam Ramasamy, GANAPATHI PALANISAMY, Nivetha Balamurugan, Selvasundaram Ranganathan","year":2026,"doi":"10.31632/ijalsr.2026.v09i03.005","url":"https://openalex.org/W7172537490","oa_url":"https://ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/download/1136/384","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Foot rot represents a contagious, debilitating polymicrobial infection that compromises bovine health and productivity. This investigation delineates the molecular etiology of foot rot in Bargur cattle, an indigenous breed from Anthiyur, Tamil Nadu, India, alongside antibiotic susceptibility profiling. Swab samples from interdigital lesions of foot rot affected cattle underwent culture-dependent isolation, with five representative colonies identified via 16s rRNA gene amplification and Sanger sequencing. Predominant pathogens comprised Escherichia coli (BCFR1), Shigella sonnei (BCFR7) and Staphylococcus chromogenes (BCFR8), wherein E. coli and S.sonnei exhibited principal pathogenic roles in lesion progression. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion against gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin revealed predominantly susceptible to all three antibiotics. These findings substantiate molecular diagnostics for precise pathogen identification and susceptibility-guided antimicrobial interventions. This study establishes foundational etiological and antibiotic sensitivity data supporting evidence-based health management of Bargur cattle."},{"kind":"article","title":"Comparison of Non-Linear Growth Models for Indigenous Bargur Cattle Calves","authors":"GANAPATHI PALANISAMY, Anitha Subramaniyan, R. Venkataramanan, Velladurai Chinnappillai, Subash Ramu, V. Sankar, Rajkumar Ramasamy, Hariharan Thiruvenkatachetty","year":2026,"doi":"10.3390/ruminants6030046","url":"https://openalex.org/W7165625311","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-933X/6/3/46/pdf?version=1782210128","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Ruminants","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This study presents the growth data of indigenous Bargur cattle calves maintained at the Bargur Cattle Research Station, Tamil Nadu, India. Bargur cattle are an endangered breed known for their adaptability to hilly environments and production potential. The dataset included 1803 weight–age records collected from 174 calves, covering measurements from birth (age code 1) to approximately 16 months of age (age code 17). In the research station database, birth weight was recorded as age code 1, with subsequent age codes representing approximately monthly weight records. To describe the growth pattern, five non-linear models, Brody, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Generalized Weibull, were fitted to the data. Key growth parameters, such as asymptotic weight, initial weight, and growth rate were estimated, along with indicators like age and weight at inflection. Because the available records covered growth from birth (age code 1) to approximately 16 months of age (age code 17), asymptotic weight estimates should be interpreted as model-derived projections rather than observed mature body weight. Among the models evaluated, the Von Bertalanffy model showed the best overall statistical fit based on AIC, BIC, and RMSE criteria, followed by the Gompertz model. The Logistic model, although not the best-fitting model statistically, retained biological interpretability in describing early growth patterns in calves. The dataset, along with graphical outputs of growth curves and residuals, provides useful insights into the early growth trajectory of Bargur cattle and may support conservation, management, and future breeding programs."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ectopsocopsis mozambica","authors":"GURUSAMY RAMESH, R. Babu, K. A. Subramanian","year":2026,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.21136330","url":"https://openalex.org/W7167048250","oa_url":"http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B20687CD162AC57813EAD364FA999AEB","licence":"public-domain","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Open MIND","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Ectopsocopsis mozambica (Badonnel, 1931) (Figs 51–52) The species Ectopsocopsis mozambica can be distinguished from all other members of the genus Ectopsocopsis by the very complex female subgenital plate, which consists of three superimposed parts (Fig. 51), and by the male clunium, which is anteriorly broad and narrows posteriorly, with an apical comb bearing strong teeth (Fig. 52). This species was first described from Mozambique, Africa by Badonnel (1931) based on females and was placed in the genus Ectopsocus. Subsequently, the male was discovered from Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) by Ball (1943). Badonnel (1955) placed Ectopsocus mozambica under the genus Ectopsocopsis. Recently, Lienhard (2016) documented this species from South Africa. The specimens studied from India exactly matches with all diagnostic characters, particularly that of wing venation, male and female genital structures mentioned in the original description of E. mozambica (Badonnel 1931: Fig. 17; Ball 1943: Fig. 10). Based on this study, we report the range extension of this species to Asia. It is interesting to note that the distribution of this species shows a discontinuous distribution between Afrotropical regions and the Western Ghats, India. This apparent discontinuity may be due to inadequate surveys of intervening geographic regions. Before commencement of our study from 2016 in India, no systematic survey for psocids were carried out. Based on our extensive collection data (see below), E. mozambica is widely distributed in the Western Ghats and adjoining plains. We propose that the species may be widely distributed in the Afro tropics and Indian subcontinent. Specimens studied. INDIA. Tamil Nadu, 9 males, 12 females, ATR, Manambolly Range, Mudis [10.27860° N, 76.92341° E], 1143m, 27.III.2016, Coll. R. Babu & party. 3 females, ATR, Manambolly [10.35830° N, 76. 88010° E], 608m, 28.III.2016, Coll. R. Babu & party. 6 males, 16 females, Elanthirai kondan, Rajapalayam [9.38388° N, 77.52318° E], 163m, 15.I.2018, Coll. G. Ramesh. 7 males, 1 female, SMTR, Vaigai river, Vellimalai, Saralimedu [9.5838° N, 77.41813° E], 753m, 24.II.2019, Coll. R. Babu & party. 1 male, 1 female, SMTR, Megamalai Range, Bommiamman river, Bommarajapuram [9.61906° N, 77.40639° E], 768m, 25.II.2019, Coll. R. Babu & party. 2 males, 4 females, SMTR, Chinnamanur range, Thoovanam, Manalar Estate, Highwavys [9.63462° N, 77.34591° E], 1527m, 02.III.2019, Coll. R. Babu & party. 3 females, SMTR, Chinnamanur Range, Highwavys [9.63777° N, 77.35817° E], 1540m, 03.III.2019, Coll. R. Babu & party. 4 females, SMTR, Chinnamanur Range, Eravangalar, Forest hill stream block 10 [9.5933° N, 77.29231° E], 1513m, 05.III.2019, Coll. R. Babu & party. 7 males, 3 females, KKWLS, Azhagiapandiapuram Range, Alambarai [8. 40599 ° N, 77.38560 ° E], 142m, 15.II.2020, Coll. Varadaraju & party. 1 male, 5 females, KKWLS, Mahendragiri hills [8.36528° N, 77.51453° E], 590m, 18.II.2020, Coll. Varadaraju & party. 3 females, KKWLS, Kaliyal Range, Kunthirkmoodu [08.48796° N, 77.25655° E], 22.II. 2020, 140m, Coll. Varadaraju & party. 2 males, 15 females, KKWLS, Kaliyal Range, Lower Kodayar [8.53838° N, 77.31174° E], 475m, 23.II.2020, Coll. Varadaraju & party. 1 male, 2 females, KKWLS, Azhagiapandiapuram Range, Kalikesam river, Balamore [8.45658° N, 77.39438° E], 450m, 9.III.2022, Coll. R. Babu & party. 1 male, 2 females, KMTR, Ambasamudram Range, Marapalam [8.54349° N, 77.37498° E], 1266m, 12.III.2022, Coll. R. Babu & party. 1 male, STR, Kadambur Range, Rangasamy coil [11.6281° N, 77.34286° E], 868m, 22.VIII.2023, Coll. R. Aengals & party. 1 male, 1 female, STR, Hasanur Range, Hasanur Beat, K. K. Nagar [11.67527° N, 77.15399° E], 984m, 27.VIII.2023, Coll. R. Aengals & party. 8 males, 8 females, ATR, Valparai Range, Attakatti [10.4446° N, 76.98132° E], 979m, 6.II.2024, Coll. Ranjana & party. 25 males, 8 females, ATR, Ulandy Range, Topslip, Kozhikamuthy stream [10.44506° N, 76.85115° E], 675m, 7.III"},{"kind":"article","title":"Genetic diversity and camphor profiling of Curcuma caesia roxb.: identification of elite genotypes and in silico prediction of gastroprotective mechanisms","authors":"V. Isha, K Venkatesan, N. Senthil, V Rajasree, R Renuka, K Chandrakumar, S Vellaikumar, P. Karthikeyan","year":2026,"doi":"10.3389/fphar.2026.1730520","url":"https://openalex.org/W7154461321","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1730520/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Curcuma caesia Roxb (Black Turmeric) is an underexploited medicinal species with recognized ethnobotanical use in gastrointestinal disorders. This study integrates morphological characterization, validated camphor quantification, and computational anti-ulcer evaluation across 21 genotypes collected from diverse Indian agro-climatic zones. Genotypes were cultivated at Coimbatore and Bhavanisagar and characterized using DUS guidelines. Significant morphological variation was observed in plant height (27.81–107.08 cm), rhizome traits, and essential oil yield (0.20%–0.62%), indicating high genetic diversity. GC-MS profiling identified 30 bioactive metabolites, with camphor emerging as the predominant constituent. Quantification using D-camphor standard revealed substantial genotypic variation in camphor content, ranging from 5.19% (GKK-6) to 33.84% (GTE-18), with high concentrations also recorded in GMR-2 (30.35%), GMN-10 (26.41%), and GCA-5 (24.44%). Molecular docking studies against ulcer-associated targets predicted camphor’s superior binding affinity for MMP9 (−7.8 kcal/mol) compared to ranitidine (−6.3 kcal/mol), with stable hydrogen bonding interactions involving TYR A:111 and TYR A:458. Molecular dynamics simulations over 100 ns confirmed stable camphor-MMP9 interactions with minimal RMSD deviation (0.20–0.25 nm) and persistent hydrogen bonding, providing computational support for investigating its potential gastroprotective role in mucosal healing. While in silico predictions suggest plausible mechanisms aligning with traditional ethnomedicinal use, these computational findings require experimental validation through in vitro enzyme inhibition assays and in vivo gastric ulcer models. This study provides a phytochemical and computational foundation for hypothesis-driven investigation of camphor’s potential gastroprotective properties, identifying elite C. caesia genotypes (GTE-18, GMR-2, GMN-10) for breeding programs targeting enhanced camphor content and subsequent biological validation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of beta-carotene-enriched sweet corn inbreds for yield, quality and nutritional traits across diverse environmental conditions","authors":"S. Ravichandran, Sarankumar Chandran, Mohanapriya Balamurugan, S. Manju, S. M. Indhu, K. Rathinavel, Iman Saha, Abikkumar Chellamuthu","year":2026,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.261000","url":"https://openalex.org/W7196993478","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/publications/113/June/MAJ-2026-1000_1785946227.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata L.) is an important vegetable crop valued for its sweetness, tenderness, and nutritional quality. Biofortification with beta-carotene offers an effective strategy to alleviate vitamin A deficiency while maintaining desirable agronomic performance. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of eight beta-carotene-rich sweet corn inbred lines across three locations, namely Coimbatore, Vagarai, and Bhavanisagar, during the Rabi 2023 and Summer 2024 seasons. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and observations were recorded on days to tasselling, days to silking, plant height, cob length, cob width, number of kernel rows per cob, number of kernels per row per cob, green cob yield, total soluble solids, and beta-carotene content. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant (P &lt; 0.01) differences among genotypes and genotype × environment interactions for all the studied traits, indicating the existence of substantial genetic variability and differential environmental response. Across seasons and locations, DBT 26 β+ recorded the highest green cob yield (169.00 – 191.00 g) and consistently maintained high total soluble solids indicating its superior yield potential and eating quality. The genotypes DBT 18 β+ (10.50-11.80 µg g-1) as well as DBT 25 β+ (10.00 -10.80 µg g-1) exhibited higher beta-carotene content. The substantial variability observed among the evaluated genotypes for yield, quality, and nutritional traits demonstrates considerable scope for genetic improvement through selection. DBT 18 β+ DBT 25 β+ and DBT 26 β+ emerged as promising genetic resources for the development of high-yielding, beta-carotene-rich sweet corn cultivars with broad adaptation across diverse environments."},{"kind":"article","title":"Growth parameters of organic blackgram as influenced by the nutrient management techniques","authors":"M Vinutha, E Somasundaram, S Sanbagvalli, U Sivakumar, R Sunitha","year":2026,"doi":"10.33545/2618060x.2026.v9.i1h.4727","url":"https://openalex.org/W7125111311","oa_url":"https://www.agronomyjournals.com/archives/2026/vol9issue1/PartH/9-1-99-528.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Research in Agronomy","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted in two locations of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar (Site-I) and Wetlands Farm, Department of Agronomy, Coimbatore (Site-II) to study the influence of application of organic manures and liquid manures on the performance of Blackgram under complete organic farming conditions. Experiments were conducted in split plot design, replicated thrice with four organic manures applied as basal and incorporated in the main plots and, five liquid manures were applied as foliar sprays twice in sub plots, at first flowering and 10 days later. The organic manures were Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 12.5 t ha-1, vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, enriched FYM @ 0.75 t ha-1 and enriched vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 and the foliar sprays were Panchagavya @ 3%, Fermented Egg Extract @ 5%, Fermented Fish Extract @ 5%, Farmers Effective Microorganisms @ 5% and Jeevamruth @ 5%. The results showed a non-significant influence on germination parameters. Enriched FYM in Site-I and vermicompost in Site-II showed significant influence on the growth parameters such as plant height (cm), shoot length (cm), number of nodules plant-1, fresh weight of nodules plant-1 (g), primary branches plant-1, whereas foliar spray of Panchagavya showed significant influence on plant height (cm) at harvest. The interaction effect was observed only in dry matter alone. For better growth performance in organic blackgram, application of enriched FYM @ 0.75 t ha-1 + Panchagavya spray @ 3% and vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 + Panchagavya spray @ 3% is recommended."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Manures and Foliar Application on Quality Parameters and Nutrient Uptake of Organic Blackgram","authors":"M Vinutha, E. Somasundaram, S. Sanbagvalli, U. Sivakumar, R. Sunitha","year":2026,"doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i15237","url":"https://openalex.org/W7124524705","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2026/v16i15237","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and liquid manures on the productivity, quality and nutrient response of organic blackgram. Study Design: The experiments were laid out in split plot design with three replications, where the main plot consisting of four treatments and subplot of five treatments. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Agricultural Research station, Bhavanisagar and Wetland farms, Coimbatore, TNAU, Tamil Nadu during kharif, 2022. Methodology: Four organic manures were applied as basal and incorporated (Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @12.5 t ha-1, Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, Enriched FYM @ 0.75 t ha-1 and Enriched vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1) and sub plot consisting of foliar sprays applied twice at 1st flowering and 10 days after first spray (Panchagavya @ 3%, Fermented Egg Extract @ 5%, Fermented Fish Extract @ 5%, Farmers Effective Microorganisms @ 5% and Jeevamruth @ 5%). Results: At Bhavanisagar, the combination of enriched FYM with Panchagavya spray and at Coimbatore vermicompost with Panchagavya spray recorded highest grain nitrogen (3.67 &amp; 3.63%) grain protein (22.9 &amp; 22.7%), nitrogen uptake (43.1 &amp; 39.9 kg ha-1), phosphorous uptake (11.2 &amp; 10.2 kg ha-1) potassium uptake (59.0 &amp; 55.3 kg ha-1), Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) (1.213 &amp; 1.033 kg kg-1), Partial Factor Productivity (PFP) (31.50 and 26.83 kg kg-1), respectively. In contrast, the Economic NUE (ENUE) was recorded by the combination of enriched FYM with Jeevamruth spray (0.234 and 0.202 kg ₹-1), respectively in both the locations. Conclusion: The study concludes that for higher grain quality and nutrient response, application of enriched FYM or vermicompost as basal and foliar spray of Panchagavya is recommended under extensive organic conditions for Blackgram depending on the resource availability."},{"kind":"article","title":"Biodiversity indices and species abundance patterns of teleost fauna in a man-made impoundment of peninsular India","authors":"Carlos Hernández Reyes, María Vega, José López","year":2026,"doi":"10.22271/fish.2026.v14.i6b.3323","url":"https://openalex.org/W7170634566","oa_url":"https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2026/vol14issue6/PartB/14-7-21-639.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"While India's peninsular rivers harbour considerable teleost diversity, man-made impoundments along their courses have received far less ecological scrutiny than the rivers themselves. This research quantified biodiversity indices and species abundance patterns of teleost fauna in the Bhavanisagar Reservoir, a man-made impoundment on the Bhavani River in Tamil Nadu, peninsular India, through seasonal sampling over four quarters from August 2019 to July 2020. A total of 2,643 individuals belonging to 41 species, 31 genera, and 13 families were captured at six stations using gill nets, cast nets, and electrofishing. Cypriniformes dominated the assemblage (42.7% of individuals), followed by Siluriformes (18.3%) and Perciformes (14.8%). Shannon-Wiener diversity ranged from 2.14 in the dry season to 2.97 during the monsoon. The rank-abundance distribution fitted a log-series model, indicating a community with a long tail of rare species—11 of 41 species were represented by fewer than 10 individuals. Margalef's richness peaked at 4.62 during monsoon and fell to 2.89 in the dry season. The research establishes a baseline biodiversity inventory for an ecologically important yet data-deficient peninsular Indian impoundment and identifies the monsoon period as the critical window for conservation-oriented management."},{"kind":"article","title":"Night is my boon: preliminary observations and temporal activity patterns of the elusive mouse deer <i>Moschiola indica</i> and few other terrestrial mammals along the Moyar River part of Mudumalai, Western Ghats","authors":"Kannadasan Narasimmarajan, Narasimmarajan Natasha, Debashish Panda, Arumugam Kumaraguru","year":2026,"doi":"10.1515/mammalia-2025-0151","url":"https://openalex.org/W7159958324","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2025-0151","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Mammalia","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract The ecology of Asia’s smallest ungulate, the mouse deer ( Moschiola indica ), remains poorly documented. We assessed the occurrence and temporal activity patterns of mouse deer using camera-trap survey data obtained from four camera traps deployed along the Moyar River within the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. The calculated photo capture rate of mouse deer was 1.35 photos/100 trap nights, 0.22 for the Stripe-necked mongoose ( Urva vitticolla ), and 0.18 for both the Indian crested porcupine ( Hystrix indica ) and Sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus ). Mouse deer and stripe-necked mongooses were predominantly nocturnal; however, mouse deer exhibited heightened midnight activity between 2200 and 0400 h. Stripe-necked mongooses showed a comparable pattern, with peak activity between 2300 and 0300 h and secondary peak around 0630 h. Temporal activity pattern overlaps between the M. indica and U. vitticolla was estimated at Δ 1 = 0.53 ± 0.08 SE (95 % bootstrap CI: 0.38–0.69). Although caution is warranted due to the limited sampling effort of this study, our findings underscore the importance of conserving riverine habitats. Furthermore, information on temporal activity patterns can contribute to improved monitoring and management of cryptic forest-dwelling ungulates."},{"kind":"article","title":"Correction: Fish diversity and habitat preference of a few endemic and threatened freshwater fishes of Western ghats’s Moyar river, India","authors":"K. Narasimmarajan, V. Atkore, S. Palanivel, M. T. Mathai, J. A. Johnson","year":2026,"doi":"10.1007/s42965-025-00423-7","url":"https://openalex.org/W7125238597","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42965-025-00423-7.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Tropical Ecology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Morphological Characterization of Genus Puntius from Southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"Vijaya Lakshmi, Manimekalan Arunachalam, Anbu Aravazhi Arunkumar, Mahesh Kumar","year":2026,"doi":"10.14738/tnc.1401.20007","url":"https://openalex.org/W7131235164","oa_url":"https://journals.scholarpublishing.org/index.php/TNC/article/download/20007/11880","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Discoveries in Agriculture and Food Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Among the different kinds of freshwater fishes, fishes grouped under the genus Puntius, belonging to the order Cypriniformes, have been considered an important protein source of the daily diets of human beings in south India, in particular. The inter and intra-genetic relationships of the genus Puntius species have not yet been well understood to date and the species are reported to exist in various water bodies of peninsular India. In the present study, a total of 168 individuals of the 17 species of genus Puntius have been collected using a cast net, dip net, gill net and drag net from 31 locations of six river systems meandering eastward flowing rivers of Bhavani, Moyar, Chalakudy, Periyar, Cauvery and Kabini of Southern Western Ghats have collected for taxonomy study. The taxonomic status of Genus Puntius has been discussed in this paper based on the Meristic and morphometric characteristics. 35 Morphometric measurements and 23 meristic character counts were made based on the methodology described by Rainboth. All the morphometric characters were divided by the standard length of the fish, to nullify the size effect. The genus Puntius has been divided into Barbodes, Dawkinsia, Eechathalakenda, Haludaria, Pethia, Puntius, Sahyadria, Systomus. The significance of the study and the taxonomic placement of the species have also been concisely discussed. It is clearly expressed that only a few morphometric and meristic characters show the variation among the species."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Comparative Study of Development, Identity, and Ecological Precarity in the Nilgiris and Sundarbans","authors":"Benya Chanpreda","year":2026,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W7159739741","oa_url":"https://scholar.colorado.edu/downloads/8c97ks26r","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 32px;\">This paper examines how forest-dependent communities experience ecological precarity and engage with development interventions in two ecologically sensitive regions of India: The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in Tamil Nadu and the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (SBR) in West Bengal. Interviews were mediated by Keystone Foundation in the Nilgiris and Tagore Society for Rural Development (TSRD) in the Sundarbans. Research analysis is guided by one core research question: &ldquo;How do forest‑dependent communities in the NBR and SBR experience ecological precarity through their livelihoods, and how do they perceive and engage with development interventions intended to address these conditions?&rdquo; Alongside the core research questions are sub-questions to examine how socio-political identity, spatial autonomy, and power dynamics shape these experiences. <p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 32px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Findings suggest that development interventions have provided only partial relief without altering the governance structures that produce precarity. In the NBR, Keystone Foundation's Forest Rights Act advocacy has improved the Irula communities' economic autonomy and strengthened their claims to tribal lands. In the SBR, participants described the decline of TSRD, and the structural inapplicability of the Forest Rights Act has left communities without meaningful legislative or institutional recourse. Across both sites, colonial forest governance logic continues to reproduce precarity for the communities most dependent on forest resources, whilst also shaping intersectional experiences of living in these biospheres.</span>"},{"kind":"article","title":"Understanding riparian health through multi-metric indicators: a case study from Southern India","authors":"Vaishali Vasudeva, Vidyadhar Atkore, John L. Innes, Ramesh Krishnamurthy","year":2026,"doi":"10.1017/s0266467426100650","url":"https://openalex.org/W7202081398","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/486EDDE94D2843EDE554AEBCC11392C1/S0266467426100650a.pdf/div-class-title-understanding-riparian-health-through-multi-metric-indicators-a-case-study-from-southern-india-div.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract Riparian ecosystems face degradation due to anthropogenic pressure, affecting biodiversity, food and water security, and the livelihoods. Adapting methods to assess riparian health locally and effectively is a pre-requisite for habitat monitoring and restoration interventions. In India, river health monitoring is largely limited to water quality and discharge measurements, with sparse biodiversity assessments. To fill the gap of a more comprehensive river health assessment, we adapted existing multi-metric indices. The indices are the fish-based Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), the Bird Integrity Index (BII), a modified QBR (Qualitat del Bosc de Ribera), and the Riparian Strip Quality Index (RSQI). We considered plants, fishes and birds as representative taxa for terrestrial, aquatic and land-water transition zone, respectively. We used a nested hierarchical sampling approach to select nine one-km long segments (44 reaches) located along two streams of Moyar-Bhavani-Noyyil sub-watershed in southern India. The indices showed an overall decreasing trend moving downstream, and the lowest values were observed for agricultural (non-protected) sites. Only QBR and RSQI showed statistically significant difference across PA and NPA. BII could not be computed because of lack of statistically significant relationship between disturbance index and the bird metrics. RSQI offered limited insights but can complement IBI and QBR."},{"kind":"article","title":"Occurrences of an Albino Wild boar (&lt;em&gt;Sus scrofa&lt;/em&gt;) in mountain areas of the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, Jabamalainathan Leona Princy, Nizamudheen Moinudheen","year":2026,"doi":"10.31893/wild.2026004","url":"https://openalex.org/W7150913875","oa_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/wa/article/download/15096/6351","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Wild Animals","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Albinism is a rare pigmentation anomaly caused by the absence or reduction of melanin in the integumentary system, resulting in abnormal coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales, and eyes. Such pigmentation disorders are infrequently recorded in wild mammals due to the recessive nature of the genes involved and the reduced survival probability of affected individuals in natural environments. This study reports the occurrence of an albino wild boar (Sus scrofa) from the high-elevation mountainous region of Lovedale in the Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, southern India. The Nilgiris, located within the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, support a diverse assemblage of large mammals inhabiting a mosaic of montane grasslands, shola forests, plantations, and human-dominated landscapes. The observation was made opportunistically during routine birdwatching activities on 14 November 2021 at approximately 14:30 h near human habitation in Lovedale (11.374348° N, 76.705682° E; elevation 2227 m). A male wild boar exhibiting unusual pigmentation was seen running from the settlement area towards adjacent forest habitat. The individual appeared partially white, with a pinkish snout, ears, and hooves, reddish eyes, and light brown hair covering the body. Photographic documentation was obtained using a Nikon Coolpix P1000 camera, and the morphological features confirmed the individual as an albino wild boar. Records of albinism in wild boars are extremely rare in India, with only a few documented cases from Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu. The occurrence of albinism in wildlife has been linked to genetic factors such as recessive alleles and inbreeding, as well as environmental influences including habitat alteration, poor diet quality, and physiological stress. In montane ecosystems like the Nilgiris, the conspicuous coloration of albino individuals may increase vulnerability to predators due to reduced camouflage against the darker forest floor and dense vegetation. Additionally, the lack of melanin may expose individuals to environmental stressors such as ultraviolet radiation and cooler climatic conditions at high elevations. Documenting such rare pigmentation anomalies contributes to a better understanding of genetic variability, ecological implications, and survival challenges faced by wildlife populations in natural habitats."},{"kind":"article","title":"AI-Powered Forest Fire Detection and Prediction System Using Multi-Sensor IoT and Deep Learning","authors":"Agesta Jenifer A Agesta Jenifer A, Vignesh Perumal L S Vignesh Perumal L S, JaiSoorya J JaiSoorya J, Sk S, Muralidharan V Muralidharan V","year":2026,"doi":"10.55041/isjem08133","url":"https://openalex.org/W7167352667","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Forest fires represent one of the most ecologically destructive and economically costly natural hazards, with global wildfire activity destroying an estimated 350 to 450 million hectares of vegetation annually and contributing significantly to greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, and air quality degradation. In India, the Forest Survey of India recorded over 2.23 lakh forest fire alert points during the 2023 fire season alone, with the Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats, and Central Indian forest belts being recurrently affected. Conventional forest fire monitoring relies predominantly on satellite-based thermal anomaly detection, which suffers from coarse temporal resolution (revisit intervals of 1–12 hours depending on satellite), cloud cover interference, and an inherent detection lag that allows fires to spread substantially before alerts reach ground response teams. This paper presents an integrated AI-powered forest fire detection and prediction system that combines a ground-based wireless sensor network for early smoke and thermal anomaly detection, a deep learning-based fire risk prediction model that forecasts fire probability up to 72 hours in advance using meteorological and vegetation moisture data, and a real-time alert dissemination pipeline for forest department response coordination. The detection module employs a lightweight CNN trained on multi-spectral sensor fusion data (temperature, humidity, CO concentration, and particulate matter) deployed across a wireless mesh network, achieving fire event detection within 4 minutes of ignition with 95.8% accuracy. The prediction module uses a Random Forest-LSTM ensemble trained on 12 years of Forest Survey of India fire occurrence records combined with IMD meteorological data, achieving fire risk forecasting accuracy of 89.4% for the 72-hour prediction window. Field-calibrated simulation results based on deployment parameters from the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve forest range in Tamil Nadu demonstrate that the proposed system reduces fire detection-to-alert latency by 91% compared to satellite-only monitoring and provides actionable early warning that extends the intervention window for forest department fire suppression teams by an average of 6.4 hours. Keywords — Forest Fire Detection, Wildfire Prediction, Wireless Sensor Network, CNN, LSTM, Random Forest, IoT, Fire Risk Index, Remote Sensing, Environmental Monitoring"},{"kind":"article","title":"Habitat Restoration and Artificial Habitat Structures Promoting Small Mammal Diversity Species Interactions and Ecosystem Recovery","authors":"Dr. Narendra Kumar Singh, Parmanand Yadav","year":2026,"doi":"10.70102/aej.2026.18.1.45","url":"https://openalex.org/W7162760003","oa_url":"https://aejournals.org/index.php/AEJ/article/download/18.1.45/2563","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"فصلنامه محیط زیست جانوری","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Habitat restoration is vital in enhancing degraded ecosystem by reinstating vegetation coverage, shelter provision, food availability, and connectivity among other factors. In this regard, this paper reviews how habitat restoration, along with artificially created habitats, contributes to biodiversity, the interaction of species, and ecosystem functioning in degraded areas. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the habitat conditions in the buffer zone of the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India. Degraded dry forests, restored shrub lands, boundaries of grasslands, wetlands, and agricultural lands are some of the habitats within this buffer zone. Artificial structures, including brush piles, log piles, rock shelters, woody debris, nest boxes, and artificial burrows, have been included as micro-habitats for small mammals. The results suggest that plots with artificial habitat structures showed better recovery compared with those without such structures. The number of species increased from 3 in degraded sites to 9 in restored sites with artificial habitats. The mean abundance also increased from 18 in degraded sites to 64 in restored sites with artificial habitats. High diversity is observed in restored habitats with artificial habitats, reflecting better habitat complexity and more effective species interaction. This study has found that artificial habitats are helpful in the early stages of restoration by providing shelter, nesting opportunities, insulation, and pathways for moving before natural habitats develop."},{"kind":"article","title":"Mountains, Myths, and Medicine: Ethnomedicinal Insights from Himalayan Tribal Communities","authors":"Gargi Goswami, Roumi Deb","year":2026,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18583074","url":"https://openalex.org/W7128511912","oa_url":null,"licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Open MIND","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This systematic review examines the ethnomedicinal practices in various ecological zones of India, with aparticular focus on the Indian Himalayas, tropical and subtropical areas, and islands, to understand theintricate relationships among biodiversity, cultural traditions, and socio-economic factors. In areas such asUttarakhand and Ladakh, where sacred groves and community forests are crucial for biodiversityconservation, ethnomedicine is deeply connected to spiritual beliefs and traditional healing methods.However, the excessive harvesting of rare species like Picrorhiza kurroa and Nardostachys jatamansipresents serious sustainability concerns. Conversely, practices in Sathyamangalam and Mizoramshowcase the use of more easily accessible plants from the Euphorbiaceae and Zingiberaceae families,which are often cultivated in home gardens, but also underline the vulnerability of traditional knowledgedue to modernization and shifts among younger generations towards contemporary healthcare practices.The research further demonstrates a detailed regional variation in preparation techniques, withhigh-altitude areas preferring wild-harvested decoctions and pastes, while tropical regions exhibit agrowing trend towards bio-prospecting for scientific validation and commercialization. Despite thepromise of merging traditional knowledge with modern healthcare practices, the decline of thisknowledge—particularly among youth—remains a significant obstacle. Women, frequently the guardiansof medicinal plant wisdom, are increasingly confronted by societal changes, underscoring the importanceof gender-sensitive strategies in conservation initiatives.Although community-based conservation strategies in Uttarakhand and Ladakh prioritize biodiversityprotection, and regions like Sathyamangalam promote socio-economic empowerment through thecommercialization of traditional remedies, the paper contends that a more holistic approach—integratingecological, cultural, and socio-economic aspects—is vital for the sustainable future of these practices.This thorough analysis highlights the pressing need for strategies that not only safeguard the plants andmethodologies but also enable local communities to navigate modern challenges while maintaining thesignificance of ethnomedicine in both local and global healthcare systems."},{"kind":"article","title":"Community-Based Ecotourism in Tamil Nadu: an Impact Assessment of Ecotourism Policy in the Protected Areas of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Kokilapriya T, Amuthanandhini A","year":2026,"doi":"10.1504/ijkmth.2026.10077644","url":"https://openalex.org/W7153878755","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijkmth.2026.10077644","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Knowledge Management in Tourism and Hospitality","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Inderscience is a global company, a dynamic leading independent journal publisher disseminates the latest research across the broad fields of science, engineering and technology; management, public and business administration; environment, ecological economics and sustainable development; computing, ICT and internet/web services, and related areas."},{"kind":"article","title":"New Distributional Record of the Freshwater Phylactolaemate Bryozoan Rumarcanella himalayana Annandale, 1911 from Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"J. Thilak, Soja Louis, Timothy S. Wood","year":2026,"doi":"10.9734/ajfar/2026/v28i31071","url":"https://openalex.org/W7138946779","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2026/v28i31071","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A new distributional record of the of Phylactolaemate Bryozoan Rumarcanella himalayana Annandale, 1911 is described from the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve of Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. The zooplankton samples were collected by extensive survey undertaken by the scientific team of Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu from the various waterbodies of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Erode district, Tamil Nadu during the year 2023 as a part of the Annual Programme of Research Work. The family Plumatellidae Allman, 1856 is poorly studied in India and is represented by four genera viz. Plumatella Lamarck, 1816, Hyalinella Jullien, 1885, Rumarcanella Hirose and Mawatari, 2011 and Swarupella Shrivastava, 1981. The genus Rumarcanella Hirose and Mawatari, 2011 is represented by five species from India viz. Rumarcanella vorstmani Rumarcanella indica Annandale, 1909 which were later synonimysed as Rumarcanella himalayana, Rumarcanella gusuku Hirose &amp; Mawatari, 2011 and Rumarcanella yanbaruensis Hirose &amp; Mawatari, 2011. There are only few studies on the freshwater bryozoans from the state of Tamil Nadu. The present study reports for the first time one species of bryozoan from the Tamil Nadu especially from the Western Ghats. The presence of the floatoblasts in the zooplankton samples from Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve represents a significant contribution by extending the geographical distribution range of Rumarcanella himalayana, a freshwater bryozoan previously unrecorded in the Western Ghats of India. The present discovery of this species in the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve adds valuable data to the biodiversity of the ecologically rich Western Ghats and also provides information into the role of these organisms as bioindicators in freshwater ecosystems. Furthermore, the present report highlights the need for further exploration and taxonomic studies on freshwater bryozoa which remains underexplored in Western Ghats of India, will paves the way for future investigations into their ecological and environmental significance."},{"kind":"article","title":"Food Habit of Oorali Tribal of Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu","authors":"C SATHISH, DR. B JULIANA IMMACULATE","year":2026,"doi":"10.55041/isjem07799","url":"https://openalex.org/W7163743975","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"ABSTARCT The dietary practices of rural and tribal communities have traditionally been closely connected to the natural resources available in forest environments. Their food system was primarily based on naturally occurring products such as tubers, honey, leafy greens, fruits, wild animals, and fish. Various kinds of yams, forest greens, and medicinal honey formed an important part of their daily nutrition. Hunting and gathering were once the primary means of survival, and meat obtained from wild animals contributed significantly to their protein intake. Along with these foods, earlier generations cultivated traditional crops such as ragi, millet, samai, varagu, bamboo rice, and marabatta paddy, which provided balanced nutrition and supported good health. The study also highlights the nutritional problems faced by these communities. Limited economic resources, reduced access to traditional foods, and dependence on repetitive diets have led to widespread malnutrition and health problems. Presently, ragi kali and forest greens continue to remain part of their staple diet, but many families increasingly consume rice obtained from fair price shops. Younger generations, influenced by school meals and urban lifestyles, now prefer rice over traditional millet-based foods. This shift has resulted in the decline of traditional food practices and nutritional diversity. Village elders strongly believe that earlier traditional diets provided greater physical strength and protection from diseases compared to modern store-bought foods. The paper further documents traditional practices such as rat-catching methods and emphasizes the cultural knowledge associated with food collection and preparation.The study concludes that there is an urgent need to preserve and promote the traditional food systems of rural and tribal communities. Government support in providing traditional grains such as ragi and millet through fair price shops, along with initiatives to encourage indigenous food practices, can help improve nutrition, health, and cultural sustainability among these communities. KEYWORDS: Traditional food habits, Tribal communities, Forest-based diet, Nutritional practices, Ragi, Wild tubers, Honey collection, Indigenous foods and Food transition."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on the Economic Impact of Human-Animal Conflict on Selected Farmers in Sathyamangalam Forest Range of Erode District","authors":"R. Manikandan, M. Tamilarasi, K. Sowmitha, R. Keerthi Kumar, M. Preethi","year":2026,"doi":"10.55544/ijrah.6.3.22","url":"https://openalex.org/W7162870084","oa_url":"https://ijrah.com/index.php/ijrah/article/download/1168/1321","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The negative interactions between human and wildlife leads to certain losses such as crop loss, property damage, livestock loss and loss of human lives is known as human – wildlife conflict. This study attempts to analyse the economic impact of human – wildlife conflict on farming communities living nearer to the Sathyamangalam forest range of Erode District, Tamil Nadu. The main objectives of the study are to examine the loss and damage value of crop, cattle, fencing and agricultural equipment and the effectiveness of compensation provided by the government to the affected farmers. There are two villages namely Pudhukuyyanur and Pudhuvadavalli in Sathyamangalam taluk of Erode District have been selected for this study. The snow ball sampling technique has been used to collect the primary data. Totally 43 samples were collected, from that 21 samples from Pudhukuyyanur and 22 samples from Pudhuvadavalli were derived. The study found that frequency of attacks is higher in Pudhukuyyanur, where incidents occur regularly throughout the year, while in Pudhuvadavalli, conflicts are relatively less frequent but more seasonal, particularly during summer. The most affected crops due to human – wild life conflict are banana and maize and the major animals responsible for the conflict are elephants and wild boars. The study concluded that farming communities living nearer to the forest areas are most affected due to human – wildlife conflicts. The existing mitigation strategies and compensation measures are ineffective to reduce these problems. The study suggested that there is a need for improved compensation schemes, stronger preventive measures, increased awareness and coordination between farmers and forest officials."},{"kind":"article","title":"IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PURCHASING BEHAVIOR OF CUSTOEMR WITH REFERENCE TO SATHYAMANGALAM TAULK","authors":"Dr.V.P.Palanisamy, Dr.V.P.Palanisamy,","year":2026,"doi":"10.55041/ijsrem64378","url":"https://openalex.org/W7162944898","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem64378","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"MARKETING OF JASMINE IN SATHYAMANGALAM BLOCK OF ERODE DISTRICT","authors":null,"year":2026,"doi":"10.65219/sjcm.20260201003","url":"https://openalex.org/W7133941805","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scholar Journal of Commerce and Management","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, jasmine is a floral crop with cultural and commercial significance. A beautiful flower, jasmine is valued in religious and cultural activities by people of many backgrounds. In India, jasmine cultivation is seen as a new and quickly growing industry. Only small farmers are interested in growing the jasmine crop because it takes a lot of labor to harvest and perform other tasks. Due to their extreme perishability, jasmine flowers must be sold right away after harvesting in order to preserve their freshness. As a result, an effort has been made to determine the issues and future possibilities of this industry as well as the primary determinant of jasmine prices. Based on primary data gathered by simple random sampling, the study employs a descriptive and analytical technique to identify price fluctuations and ineffective marketing as the main restraints. The price of jasmine is highly influenced by the number of members engaged in agriculture, according to regression study. This puts the marketing of jasmine flowers at serious risk. The main conclusion of the study was that those working in agriculture were the main factor influencing the price of jasmine."},{"kind":"article","title":"Addition of two endemic species to the Flora of Karnataka from Bandipur Tiger Reserve","authors":"G. Rekha; L. Prakash; K. A. Sujana","year":2025,"doi":"10.20324/nelumbo/v67/2025/173517","url":"https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v67/2025/173517","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v67/2025/173517","licence":null,"full_text_ok":1,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"No Abstract."},{"kind":"article","title":"Menstrual beliefs and lived experiences among tribal women in South Karnataka, India—at the forest’s edge","authors":"Sanjana Murthy, Dennis D. Chauhan, Sara E. Baumann","year":2025,"doi":"10.1080/13691058.2025.2591810","url":"https://openalex.org/W4416776136","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13344381/","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Culture Health & Sexuality","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Menstrual traditions vary significantly across regions and ethnic groups in India, although little is known about menstrual experiences within tribal communities. This study is the first to examine menstrual customs and lived experiences of tribal women living in rural southern Karnataka, specifically at the edges of Nagarahole and Bandipur National Parks. In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 women from four tribes across 18 villages. Transcripts were translated from Kannada to English and analysed using grounded theory. Findings reveal that members of the Betta Kuruba, Soliga, and Yerava tribes exhibited comparable menstrual practices, whereas Jenu Kuruba women adhered to slightly different and often more restrictive customs. Despite limited menstrual knowledge, attitudes towards menstruation across all four tribes were generally positive, with women largely rejecting notions of menstrual impurity. Mothers emphasised the importance of their daughters' ongoing schooling during menstruation and expressed a willingness to grant them autonomy in future menstrual decision-making. While these findings suggest a more positive perception of menstruation than is commonly found in India, they also underscore the need for targeted menstrual education. This study contributes to the limited scholarship on menstruation among tribal populations in India, offering insights for culturally responsive health interventions and policy decisions."},{"kind":"article","title":"Unveiling the socio-cultural practices of medicinal plants used by the ethnic community of Soliga tribes in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Chinnasamy Menaka, Annadurai Logamadevi, Arumugam Vignesh","year":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100799","url":"https://openalex.org/W4409322631","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100799","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Phytomedicine Plus","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"• A total of 47 plant species were used in different socio-cultural practices. • Whole plants emerged as the most frequently used plant parts. • Highest number of plants were cited in the category of magic belief/evil spirits. • Achyranthes aspera L. (CI-0.98) is one of the most culturally significant plants species. Plants have been integral to human health and cultural traditions for millennia, representing a vital relationship between tribal communities and their natural environment. The Soliga tribes have developed a profound relationship with the flora of their natural environment, utilizing various plant species in their socio-cultural practices. These practices are closely connected with their traditional knowledge, spirituality, and everyday life. This study aimed to document the socio-cultural practices associated with plant species and to identify the most culturally significant species used by the Soliga tribes in Anthiyur Taluk, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India. Ethnobotanical insights were collected through semi-structured interviews, group discussions, questionnaires, and field observations with knowledge holders. The collected data were analyzed using basic variables and ethnobotanical indices, whereas relationships and patterns within the dataset were explored through Pearson correlation and Principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 47 plant species from 25 families and 42 genera were identified as central to socio-cultural practices. Among these, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, and Lamiaceae emerged as the predominant families. Achyranthes aspera L. was found to have the highest cultural importance index (CI) value of 0.98, followed by Cassia fistula L. and Lantana camara L. with CI values of 0.96 each. Ethnobotanical indices such as cultural importance index (CI), relative frequency of citation (RFC), relative importance index (RI) and cultural value index (CV) were applied, revealing significant positive correlations between basic variables and indices, such as CI and use reports (UR) (r = 0.82). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) further demonstrated that variables such as CI and RFC accounted for 60.24 % of the variance in the data. The findings underscore the deep interconnection between Soliga tribes’ traditional knowledge and plant biodiversity, highlighting the urgency of preserving these cultural and ecological resources for future generations."},{"kind":"article","title":"The Impact of Shifting from Subsistence to Cash Crops on the Livelihoods of the Soliga Tribe in India","authors":"Iman Raj Chongtham, Sneha Shahi, Madegowda Chikkanjegowda, Obaiah Boraiah, Shrinivas Badiger","year":2025,"doi":"10.12944/carj.12.3.06","url":"https://openalex.org/W4406425143","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.12944/carj.12.3.06","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Current Agriculture Research Journal","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Efforts to protect and conserve nature are essential worldwide. However, in many protected forests, local communities have lived for centuries, relying on the environment for food, income, shelter, and cultural practices. Conservation regulations often impact their livelihoods. This study examines the challenges and opportunities for sustaining the livelihoods of Soliga tribe farmers in Biligiri Ranganatha Swamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve, South India. A participatory workshop with five researchers and 25 diverse farmers (male, female, young, and old) discussed: a) current agricultural and livelihood practices; b) key drivers of land-use changes; and c) necessary actions for sustainable livelihoods. Findings showed that shifting from traditional subsistence crops to cash crops like coffee, pepper, and floriculture reduced food availability but increased cash income. Non-timber forest products such as honey, berries, nuts, and firewood significantly supplemented household needs. Challenges included low coffee yields due to disease and poor soil, changing rainfall patterns, limited land, and wildlife crop damage. The forest conservation policies enforced during the recent decades have limited their access to resources and traditional lands, affecting their food security and economic stability. Additionally, limited access to education and employment opportunities restricts their social and economic mobility. Ongoing research and support are needed to enhance sustainable farming techniques such as mulching, composting, intercropping, integrated pest management, and controlling Lantana spp. to achieve resilient farming systems."},{"kind":"article","title":"Patterns and Drivers of Wildlife Offenses in Nagarhole Tiger Reserve: A Socio-Spatial Assessment","authors":"Venkata Naidu","year":2025,"doi":"10.55362/ije/2025/4629","url":"https://openalex.org/W7119979918","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.55362/ije/2025/4629","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Ecology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Nagarhole Tiger Reserve, a key component of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Karnataka, India, is a vital stronghold for wildlife, including tigers, elephants and several herbivore and carnivore species.However, the park faces persistent threats from wildlife and other forest-related crimes.This study investigates the patterns, trends and drivers of such offenses in Nagarhole between 2008-09 and 2017-18, based on Forest Offense Case (FOC) records maintained by the Karnataka Forest Department.A total of 617 such cases were reported during this period and it comprises 148 wildlife crimes and 469 other offenses.The analysis reveals a declining trend in crime numbers, although specific years showed spikes in wildlife crimes, indicating episodic surges possibly linked to poaching networks or enforcement drives.Spatial analysis showed significant variation across forest ranges, with DB Kuppe and Metikuppe reporting the highest number of cases.Temporal analysis highlighted increased crime incidence during monsoon months, though statistical tests showed no significant monthly or seasonal variation.Species most frequently targeted included spotted deer, elephants and tigers, along with 47 cases of illegal fishing.Demographic profiling of offenders revealed that most were male, in the 30-60 age group, poorly educated and economically vulnerable, primarily working as wage labourers.Nearly 94 per cent of crimes were intentional, suggesting organized or semi-organized involvement.The study emphasizes the need for improved legal processing, strengthened patrolling, community engagement and alternative livelihood opportunities to mitigate forest crimes.Targeted conservation interventions, informed by spatial and socio-economic data, can enhance the effectiveness of wildlife protection efforts in Nagarhole."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diversity and Species Composition of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Tropical Forests and Plantations of the Western Ghats","authors":"Royan Rochmandhika P, Subramanian K.A., Stankevich Sergey A.","year":2025,"doi":"10.26515/rzsi/v124/i1s/2024/172746","url":"https://openalex.org/W4411005781","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v124/i1s/2024/172746","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Records of the Zoological Survey of India","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Tropical biodiversity faces a severe threat from the invasion of non-native species. Yet information of habitat that are vulnerable for invasion of potential invasive species is scanty for India, which is particularly true for invertebrates. Ants have some of the most widespread and detrimental invaders globally, but their interaction with habitat and native ants remains obscure. In this paper, we investigated the leaf-litter-ant community to determine and compare ant diversity and the status of ant invasion in various habitats – protected forest, coffee, cardamom, rubber, and tea - of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. We used the abundance (proportional trap incidence) of overall ants, native ants, and invasive ants, as well as the richness of overall ants, native ants, and invasive ants as response variables. We found that the richness of overall and native ants, as well as the abundance of overall ants, remained unaffected by land use type. However, the abundance of native ants and Shannon diversity were higher in forests, while the richness and abundance of invasive ants were higher in plantations. Additionally, tropical climate specialist ants were more abundant in forest landscapes. The species composition of forest ants differed from that of plantations. The results suggest that despite both forests and plantations supporting a similar diversity of ants, plantations serve as home for generalists and particularly the notorious invasive ants, while forests maintain a distinct species composition and specialist functional groups."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studying lie group symmetries of conservation laws with applications to Nilgiri biodiversity richness indices","authors":"Pichit Sutthisak, Malai Boonmee","year":2025,"doi":"10.22271/maths.2025.v10.i4b.2406","url":"https://openalex.org/W7167033014","oa_url":"https://www.mathsjournal.com/pdf/2025/vol10issue4/PartB/11-6-46-326.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Statistics and Applied Mathematics","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"How do continuous symmetry groups shape conservation laws in nonlinear partial differential equations, and can those algebraic structures inform ecological diversity measurement? This research links Lie group analysis of differential invariants with Shannon-type biodiversity indices recorded across the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. One-parameter Lie point symmetries were computed for a family of second-order conservation laws from elastic-net regularised reaction-diffusion equations. The infinitesimal generators were classified through the adjoint representation, and the resulting optimal sub-algebra system was mapped onto invariant solutions describing transport in heterogeneous media. Field data on vascular plant richness were gathered from five Nilgiri subregions between March 2022 and February 2023. P-adic valuation techniques weighted rare-species contributions, and ARIMA filters removed seasonal confounders. Ring-theoretic decomposition revealed three independent conservation densities whose measurable-function analogues paralleled subregional diversity rankings. The SO(3) symmetry class produced the fastest residual convergence with a terminal error of 0.021 after twelve iterations, while SL(2,R) settled at 0.063. A Spearman correlation of 0.89 between invariant multiplicity and Simpson index values was recorded. These outcomes indicate that Lie symmetry classifications can serve as an organising framework for biodiversity metrics."},{"kind":"article","title":"Biosphere reserves of India and their key faunal species","authors":"Avinash R. Nichat, Subhalakshmi Rout, Sanjeet Kumar, Dalari Lyngdoh","year":2025,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.17983026","url":"https://openalex.org/W7116364225","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17983026","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"India's biosphere reserves are crucial habitats for a wide range of faunal species, many of which are endangered or endemic. These reserves, including biosphere reserves, national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, provide a haven for iconic species such as the Royal Bengal Tiger, Snow Leopard and Asiatic Lion. The reserves also support a diverse array of flora and fauna, including many lesser-known species that play important roles in maintaining ecological balance. The biosphere reserves of India are home to many key faunal species that are found nowhere else in the world. For example, the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve is home to the Royal Bengal Tiger, while the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve supports the Snow Leopard and the Himalayan Musk Deer. Other reserves, such as the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, are home to unique species like the Nilgiri Tahr and the Lion-tailed Macaque. Conservation efforts in these reserves are essential for maintaining India's rich biodiversity and ensuring the long-term survival of its unique faunal species. By protecting these habitats and the species that inhabit them, India can preserve its natural heritage and promote ecological sustainability."},{"kind":"article","title":"Don't feed the elephant: A critical examination of food‐provisioning wild elephants","authors":"Shermin de Silva, Priya Davidar, Jean‐Philippe Puyravaud","year":2025,"doi":"10.1002/2688-8319.70060","url":"https://openalex.org/W4413068095","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/2688-8319.70060","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Ecological Solutions and Evidence","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Wildlife food provisioning may benefit tourism as it can increase sightings of cryptic species, bringing economic returns to local communities. However, food‐conditioned animals can become dangerous, resulting in the injury and death of wildlife, people or both. These negative impacts counteract potential benefits. Here, we examine the observed and potential impacts of food provisioning on wild Asian elephants by tourists to evaluate whether it can become a regulated activity. We present observations of wild Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) in Udawalawe National Park (UNP) Sri Lanka, between 2007 and 2024 and the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in southern India between 2007 and 2022, documenting negative outcomes of food‐provisioning by tourists. We also describe a successful de‐habituation effort for one elephant in the NBR. At UNP, 66 male elephants (9%–15% of the estimated male population) were observed seeking food from people at a boundary electric fence. Fourteen were seen at the fence in 11 or more years, and 52 were seen in 8 or fewer years. There were significant positive correlations between the tendency to be seen at the fence and the overall number of sightings per individual across years. Fatalities of at least three elephants and one person occurred near the fence. At NBR, 11 males were food habituated by tourists out of which four died through anthropogenic causes. We describe behavioural changes across years by one male at UNP and one male at NBR. Practical implications . Considering the possible social transmission of problematic behaviours, there is an urgent need to curb them before they spread among wild animal populations. We maintain that food provisioning of wild elephants by tourists cannot be a regulated activity and bans must be strictly enforced. In the long term, working with local stakeholders to educate tourists and habitat restoration are needed to discourage food provisioning by people and food seeking by elephants."},{"kind":"article","title":"Factors influencing pollinator abundance in indigenous coffee farms of the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Manju V. Sharma, Poornima Viswanathan, Robert Leo, Barbara Gemmill‐Herren, Christos Mammides, Hien T. Ngo","year":2025,"doi":"10.1080/00218839.2025.2531313","url":"https://openalex.org/W4412820771","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Apicultural Research","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Land-use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, including loss of wild pollinators. We examined pollinators in coffee plantations in Indigenous land holdings in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats (India), where changing agricultural practices and reducing tree shade diversity and cover type may threaten pollinator communities. We assessed pollinator abundance in 10 coffee farms—five of which had the exotic silver oak (Grevillea robusta) as shade trees and five of which had native tree species. We evaluated the effect of (a) tree cover type, (b) distance from the forest edge, and (c) area under coffee cultivation on the cumulative and individual species abundances of five important coffee pollinators: Apis dorsata, A. cerana, A. florea, Tetragonula iridipennis, and Xylocopa sp. We found that the cumulative abundance of all five species and the individual species abundances of three of the species (A. cerana, A. florea, and Tetragonula iridipennis) were positively associated with the area under coffee cultivation. The abundance of A. cerana was also associated with the proximity to the forest edge, with more individuals found in farms closer to the forest. Moreover, the abundances of A. cerana, A. florea, and T. iridipennis were higher, on average, in farms with native tree species, but the relationship was not statistically significant. Overall, our results suggest that maintaining forests near coffee systems could increase insect pollinator abundance (i.e., delivery of pollination services) and maintaining forest cover with native tree species composition could potentially play a role in supporting pollinator habitats as well as providing foraging resources."},{"kind":"article","title":"Sagina nilagirica (Sagineae, Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Western Ghats, India)","authors":null,"year":2025,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W7130299672","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Open MIND","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":null,"year":2025,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W7130239693","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Open MIND","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Integrated Decarbonising Approach to Mitigate Methane Emissions and Enhance Productivity in Rice Cultivation","authors":"K.A. Varghese, Ali Ma, Thankaraj Salammal Maria Shibu, K.T. Sampath, Kenny J. X. Lau, Zhongchao Yin, Naweed I. Naqvi, Srinivasan Ramachandran","year":2025,"doi":"10.1101/2025.10.17.683017","url":"https://openalex.org/W4415349228","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"ABSTRACT Flooded rice paddies contribute approximately 12% of global anthropogenic methane emissions, accounting for 1.5% of the total warming effect from all greenhouse gases. With the rising global demand for rice due to population growth, the need for effective methane mitigation strategies in rice cultivation is increasingly critical. This study investigates the combined impact of irrigation methods, fertiliser combinations, and varietal differences on productivity, water use and methane emissions in rice. Field trials were conducted across five land parcels covering 8 Ha in the Sathyamangalam region of Tamil Nadu, India, from October 2024 to January 2025. Results revealed that drip irrigation significantly reduced seasonal methane emissions by up to 68% (128 kg/ha/season) compared to continuous flood irrigation (402.32 kg/ha/season) offering a sustainable solution to address climate change. Furthermore, our modified package of practices coupled with tailored fertiliser combination, led to a 28% reduction in methane emissions (222 kg/ha/season) relative to continuous flooding methods used by the farmers in the region (309 kg/ha/season). Methane emission differences of up to 23.8% were also evident across rice varieties ADT-45 (229.7 kg/ha/season and BPT-5204 (301.7 kg/ha/season) for. Although flood irrigation yielded a 5–6% higher grain productivity than drip irrigation, the TLL fertiliser package under flood irrigation still provided distinct benefits with a yield increase of 5.4%. Notably, water usage under drip irrigation was 42.5% lower on average across the five locations, with minimal impact on yield, resulting in a marked improvement in water use efficiency (0.62 kg.m -3 under drip vs. 0.39 kg.m -3 under flood irrigation). Our findings highlight the value of integrating modern irrigation techniques, optimizing fertiliser management, and appropriate varietal selection with higher environmental sustainability and improved farm productivity to mitigate climate impact in rice cultivation."},{"kind":"article","title":"&lt;i&gt;Impatiens mukurthiana&lt;/i&gt; (Balsaminaceae) - A New species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Ravichandran Tharani, Maruthakutty Murugesan, Vellingiri Ravichandran, Veluswamy Anusuba, Bannari Karthik","year":2025,"doi":"10.36808/if/2025/v151i4/170571","url":"https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2025/v151i4/170571","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Mineral content, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial analyses of Bee pollen Collected from Nilgiri Biosphere Nature Park, Coimbatore","authors":"Yamuna Ramakrishnan","year":2025,"doi":"10.12681/eh.39208","url":"https://doi.org/10.12681/eh.39208","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Dairy Supply Chain Management Practices of Dairy Companies with Special Reference to Erode District","authors":"LAKSHMI A, VANATHI R","year":2025,"doi":"10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.49346","url":"https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i03.49346","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Analysis of Consumer’s Purchasing Pattern, Prefernces and Satisfactions Through Online Shopping in the Erode District","authors":"M Gomathi, T Mayakannan","year":2025,"doi":"10.34293/commerce.v13is1-i1-mar.8677","url":"https://doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v13is1-i1-mar.8677","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ComFin Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Challenges Faced by Turmeric Exporters with Special Reference to Erode District","authors":"Dr. M. Kowsalya","year":2025,"doi":"10.61137/ijsret.vol.11.issue2.281","url":"https://doi.org/10.61137/ijsret.vol.11.issue2.281","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Trends","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Customer’s Attitude, Perception and Satisfaction level of Gold Jewellery Purchase with Special Reference in Erode District","authors":"R Gnanasakthi","year":2025,"doi":"10.34293/commerce.v13is1-i1-mar.8646","url":"https://doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v13is1-i1-mar.8646","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ComFin Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study an Awareness of Cyber Security and Cyber Education among College Students in Erode District","authors":"B.GANGA DEVI -, K.SANGEETHA -","year":2025,"doi":"10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.38310","url":"https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i02.38310","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Perception of Investors Regarding Mutual Funds in Erode District – Using Gap Analysis","authors":"P Revathi","year":2025,"doi":"10.34293/commerce.v13is1-i1-mar.8671","url":"https://doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v13is1-i1-mar.8671","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ComFin Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"IMPACT OF PACKAGING ON BUYING BEHAVIOR OF CONSUMER IN ERODE DISTRICT","authors":"A Ramyashree","year":2025,"doi":"10.62737/fxzyh668","url":"https://doi.org/10.62737/fxzyh668","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Management, Economics and Commerce","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Customers' Perception towards Cyber Crimes in Banking: A Study in Erode District","authors":"CHI NANJAPPA, S SATHISH","year":2025,"doi":"10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50670","url":"https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.50670","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Motivation Factors Influencing Online Shopping with special reference to Erode District","authors":"H Vasudevan, M Dhivyaa","year":2025,"doi":"10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i06.2286","url":"https://doi.org/10.63363/aijfr.2025.v06i06.2286","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Advanced International Journal for Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Employees Job Satisfaction in Telecom Industry at Erode District","authors":"Senthil kumar R","year":2025,"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5311697","url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5311697","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"ASSESSMENT OF ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY AT PERIYA SADAYAMPALAYAM POND, IN ERODE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA","authors":"Management Study","year":2025,"doi":"10.31234/osf.io/kf58p_v1","url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kf58p_v1","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Cultivation and Marketing Practices of Millet Growers in Erode District","authors":"V Mallika, T Aruldevi","year":2025,"doi":"10.21275/sr25411101136","url":"https://doi.org/10.21275/sr25411101136","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study On Customer Satisfaction On Zebu Shares In Erode District","authors":"Charulatha R","year":2025,"doi":"10.55248/gengpi.6.0425.14141","url":"https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0425.14141","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of vegetation transformation and anthropogenic impact on forest degradation in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of India","authors":"S. Abdul Rahaman, Subhash Anand","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s44274-025-00361-0","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00361-0","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Discover Environment","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Assessment of the Socio-Economic Status of Bargur Buffalo Farmers in the  Native Tract","authors":"G Sindhu, A Paramasivam, A  Clement Ebenezer Henry, P Ganapathi","year":2025,"doi":"10.48165/ijapm.2025.41.3.6","url":"https://doi.org/10.48165/ijapm.2025.41.3.6","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Animal Production and Management","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Community-Based Forest Fire Prevention and Management in Bandipur Tiger Reserve, Karnataka, India","authors":null,"year":2025,"doi":"10.56506/qojo5174","url":"https://doi.org/10.56506/qojo5174","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56506/qojo5174","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Beta‐Diversity of Herbaceous Versus Woody Plant Communities Across a Tropical Rainfall Gradient","authors":"Harikrishnan Venugopalan Nair Radhamoni, Jason Vleminckx, María Natalia Umaña, Simon A. Queenborough, Liza S. Comita, H. S. Suresh, H. S. Dattaraja, Subramanya Shravan Kumar","year":2025,"doi":"10.1111/jvs.70034","url":"https://openalex.org/W4409393726","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/jvs.70034","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Vegetation Science","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"ABSTRACT Aim Most of our current knowledge on tropical forest plant communities is based on trees, despite the substantial contribution of other lifeforms to plant diversity in these systems. In particular, there is a limited number of studies on understory herbaceous plants (herbs) in tropical forests. With their lower dispersal abilities, higher rates of evolution, and lower drought tolerance than trees, herbs are expected to exhibit different patterns of species composition across space. To compare the patterns and drivers of variation in species composition (β‐diversity) between these two plant groups, we surveyed tree and herb communities in 13 one‐ha plots along a rainfall gradient in a seasonally dry forest in India. Location Mudumalai National Park, India. Methods In each one‐ha plot, we censused all trees ≥ 1 cm DBH in each one‐ha plot, and herbs in 47–50 1 × 1 m subplots within each one‐ha plot. In both groups, we estimated among‐plot β‐diversity, which we decomposed into two components: turnover and nestedness. Then we partitioned the relative influences of spatial and environmental predictors, including rainfall, temperature, soil, and fire frequency, on β‐diversity. Results Contrary to our expectations, β‐diversity was remarkably similar for herbs and trees, and both groups exhibited high turnover along the gradient. Rainfall and temperature explained most variation in composition within both groups, while fire and soil explained less variation, and their effects differed between groups. Conclusions While trees and herbs show contrasting patterns of α‐diversity across the same rainfall gradient, our study suggests that both life forms are impacted strongly by environmental filtering, predominantly rainfall and temperature, resulting in similar patterns of β‐diversity. The high turnover observed in tree and herb communities, and the influence of rainfall and temperature in structuring these communities, should be considered when designing conservation and restoration strategies in the face of ongoing global change and other anthropogenic pressures on tropical forests."},{"kind":"article","title":"Of Shared Homes and Pathways: Free-Ranging Dog Movement and Habitat Use in a Human-Wildlife Landscape in India","authors":"Sanjana Vadakke Kuruppath, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Ramesh Krishnamurthy","year":2025,"doi":"10.1101/2025.06.30.662475","url":"https://openalex.org/W4412055832","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2025/07/04/2025.06.30.662475.full.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Background Free-ranging dogs are widely considered to have negative impacts on wildlife in shared landscapes. Understanding their use of these landscapes is therefore essential to develop effective management strategies in wildlife-adjacent regions. In this study, we investigated the movement patterns of free-ranging dogs in the protected area matrix of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) in Southern India. Methods Fifteen owned free-ranging dogs (FRD) were collared from two adjacent villages with different levels of human habitation. We hypothesized that increased settlement cover would provide dogs with a greater human shield effect, allowing them more freedom of movement. We estimated dog activity ranges and movement patterns using autocorrelated kernel density estimates (AKDE). Large-scale movement was characterized through multiple metrics (intensity of space use and mean distance from home) and compared across villages to understand underlying drivers. Lastly, we quantified fine-scale movement and habitat selection using integrated step selection analysis (iSSA). Results We found that FRD in MTR had directionally dependent home-ranging behavior and small activity ranges, with the mean AKDE activity range being 9.88 ± 7.69 ha (median = 6.09 ha, range 3.28-26.16 ha), and primarily utilized the area within 500 m of their homes. None of the movement metrics varied significantly between villages, except for intensity of use, which was higher in one village than the other, suggesting that dogs in the less populated village perceived a greater threat from surrounding wildlife and were more driven to seek refuge inside their activity ranges. iSSA revealed that dogs selected strongly for human settled or human- modified habitats, and moved significantly faster in forest land than any other habitat. Conclusions Our findings indicate that owned FRD pose a relatively lower threat to wildlife in MTR than feral dogs may. They also support the human shield hypothesis, show that FRD display behavioral plasticity at fine scales of &lt;5km, and highlight the role of human land use intensity in shaping the movement of domestic dogs. As humans can thus mediate potential effects of dogs on wildlife, anthropogenic factors should be taken in consideration when designing management strategies that aim to curb dog movement."},{"kind":"article","title":"Time Series Analysis of Human-Elephant Conflict Mortality Rates: A Case Study of the Coimbatore Forest Area","authors":"Charles Aaron Adams Ekuban","year":2025,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6832292/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W4412730664","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6832292/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Pack size, home range size and activity pattern of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India: effects of anthropogenic environment use and reproduction","authors":"Shuta Sawaguri, Raman Sukumar, Shiro Kohshima","year":2025,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6674422/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W4411416416","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-6674422/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Decadal scale fire dynamics in savannas and forests of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Pradyumna Rajashekar, Aparna Krishnan, Varun Varma, Jayashree Ratnam, Mahesh Sankaran, Caroline E. R. Lehmann","year":2025,"doi":"10.1071/wf24174","url":"https://openalex.org/W4411193374","oa_url":"https://www.publish.csiro.au/wf/pdf/WF24174","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Background The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in the Western Ghats, India, contains a mosaic of savannas and forests. This landscape experiences wildfires regularly, but we lack an understanding of factors driving fire regimes in the region. Aims To examine the effects of climate, vegetation and human activity on wildfires in the NBR. Methods Using remotely sensed datasets, we examine how mean annual rainfall (MAR), topographic complexity and human activity influence fires in savannas and forests of the NBR across a wet (2001–2010) and dry decade (2011–2020). Key results Across both decades, savannas burned more frequently and over larger areas than forests. Burnt area and fire frequency in both habitats were higher in the wet decade. Human modification was the major driver of fire occurrence in the wet decade, but MAR took on greater importance in the dry decade. Conclusions Savannas and forests in the NBR have differing fire regimes. During dry periods, these systems are fuel limited and MAR best describes the occurrence of fires. During wet periods when fuel is not limiting, proxies for anthropogenic ignitions best explain fire occurrence. Implications Climate, vegetation and humans collectively determine fire regimes in the NBR. Fire management must integrate across all these factors at the landscape scale to be effective."},{"kind":"article","title":"Missing the Food from the Woods: Drivers and Impacts of Changing Wild Food Consumption Among Soligas of BR Hills in Southern India","authors":"Dhanya Bhaskar, Shreelata Rao Seshadri, Sheetal Patil, Ranganath Kattimani","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-95-3624-5_17","url":"https://openalex.org/W4416553651","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Living with a Changing Environment: An Ethnographic Account of Indigenous Forest Village Communities’ Experience of Floods and Landslides in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Asish Mangalasseri, M. Ajesh, Vinod Chellan, Noa Lavi","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-85348-7_8","url":"https://openalex.org/W4413266223","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-031-85348-7_8.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Human-environment interactions","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Extreme landslide events have become a prevalent phenomenon in India over the last decade, with flash floods and landmass slips that wash away slopes and villages in minutes, causing fatalities and severe damage. This paper explores the experience of two small communities (Kattunayakan and Cholanaickan), living in the Nilambur region of the Western Ghats, Southern India, which has become a hot spot for extreme and unpredictable landslides and floods. By amplifying the voices of community members, we aim to provide a better understanding of communities’ perspectives of the challenges they face and offer a unique view of key concepts like vulnerability and resilience, which are often taken-for-granted within the discourse of natural disasters. We show that, due to the recent history of knowledge loss and the unpredictability of extreme weather events, the ability of these communities to rely on their forest knowledge and skills is limited. On the other hand, current challenges have in fact opened new paths for intergenerational communication and collaboration and for locally derived coping initiatives, including the harnessing of digital technologies. These localized strategies have so far been underrepresented in official and scientific discussions on disaster management in the region, despite their deep roots in long-standing community values and relationships and their innovative nature."},{"kind":"article","title":"Plagiomnium succulentum (Mitt.) T. J. Kop. (Family Mniaceae): New Moss for Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, South India","authors":"Sonu Yadav","year":2025,"doi":"10.21276/pt.2025.v2.i1.3","url":"https://openalex.org/W4410048918","oa_url":"https://phytotalks.com/index.php/pt/article/download/42/174","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"PhytoTalks","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Plagiomnium succulentum (Mitt.) T. J. Kop. is a corticolous taxa, growing on the bark of higher plants. The species is characterized by glossy, yellowish green, pleurocarpous, epiphytic, creeping, leaves distantly arranged on stem, oblong-ovate, margin throughout minutely dentate with distinct border; costa single, beglieter cells present; leaf-cells rounded-hexagonal to quadrate 2-3 row of narrow elongated, thick walled cells forming a distinct border throughout the leaf. During the present study taxon has been critically investigated and identified from Nilgiri Hills. It is reported for the first time from Nilgiri Hills."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of Threatened tree Species of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), Southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"Verisakkaiah Sakkamuthua, Ariyan Sarvalingam, Authinarayanan Rajaesh","year":2025,"doi":"10.36808/if/2025/v151i8/170878","url":"https://openalex.org/W4415018644","oa_url":"https://indianforester.co.in/index.php/indianforester/article/download/170878/117155","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Western Ghats is the world's second-most significant refuge for species at risk. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, a part of the southern Western Ghats region is one of the richest biogeographic regions in the Indian subcontinent. The present study documented a total of 68 taxa belonging to 50 genera and 35 families. Certain threatened factors, like overexploitation of natural resources and other anthropogenic activities, adversely affect the existing ecosystem and lead to the rarity of many species in the future. Therefore, the study suggests that there is a need to protect ecologically sensitive forest patches due to the occurrence of many endemic and threatened species in this region."},{"kind":"article","title":"Preserving the tribal identity: A policy imperative for indigenous well-being and conservation of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in South India","authors":"Geetha Veliah, Padma Venkatasubramanian, Irene Sambath","year":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.dialog.2025.100234","url":"https://openalex.org/W4413428588","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dialog.2025.100234","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Dialogues in Health","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Purpose: This short communication explores how identity erosion among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India, impacts their wellness and ecological stewardship. It aims to highlight culturally specific disruptions across generations and recommend policy responses that are identity-affirming and context-sensitive. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study used an epistemological approach to understand tribal perceptions through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with elders and youth from select members of the PVTGs in the Nilgiris. A semi-structured interview guide covering six wellness domains was developed through deductive and inductive methods. Data were collected over four months, transcribed, translated, and thematically analyzed using manual coding. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants and community leaders. Results: The study found that well-intentioned mainstream developmental interventions, such as non-contextual education and biomedical health models, have disrupted cultural transmission, resulting in identity erosion and loss of sacred landscapes. Many participants expressed concern over mental health issues, substance use, climate vulnerability, and inadequate community representation in governance. Mobile technologies and media consumption have contributed to cultural disorientation among tribal youth. Conclusion: Preserving tribal identity is essential to ensuring community wellness and conserving the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Policy efforts must shift from generalized welfare to culturally grounded, participatory frameworks that integrate traditional knowledge systems and support Indigenous autonomy."},{"kind":"article","title":"Recollection of Bupleurum plantaginifolium (Apiaceae)—a threatened endemic species from the Nilgiris of the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Prasanth Malamal Kanhirampadam, Rekha Chappan, Manudev Kambiyelummal Madhavan","year":2025,"doi":"10.11646/phytotaxa.696.4.3","url":"https://openalex.org/W4409222937","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Phytotaxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Bupleurum plantaginifolium, an endemic and threatened species of southern Western Ghats was recollected from its type locality of Elk hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu. A detailed description, photographs, distribution map and taxonomic notes are provided along with a taxonomic key to the species of genus Bupleurum distributed in the Western Ghats."},{"kind":"article","title":"New distributional records of four Angiospermic taxa from Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"B. Karthik, M. Murugesan, V. Anusuba, R. Tharani","year":2025,"doi":"10.20324/nelumbo/v66/2024/173367","url":"https://openalex.org/W4412471411","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v66/2024/173367","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Nelumbo","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This paper delas with the new distributional records of four plant taxa (Ophiorrhiza rugosa Wall. var. rugosa, Maesa indica Roxb. var. angustifolia, Meistera nilgirica (V.P. Thomas &amp; M. Sabu) Skornick. &amp; M.F. Newman and Arundinella tuberculata Munro ex Lisboa) from Nilgiri Biosphere reserve, Tamil Nadu. A detailed description and photographic plates have been provided to facilitate their easy identification."},{"kind":"article","title":"Comprehensive Morphotaxonomic Survey and Species Inventory of Ferns and Fern Allies of Nilgiri Hills, Ooty","authors":"Aadil Farooq Shah, Shagufta Rashid, Tasir Sharief, C. Nahendran, D. Kumarasamy","year":2025,"doi":"10.38124/ijisrt/25aug014","url":"https://openalex.org/W4413196494","oa_url":"https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT25AUG014.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":null,"citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Fern and their allies were collected from different areas of Udhagamandalam and Coonoor, Tamilnadu, India. The region is encompassed by the lofty and great mountains of Nilgiri hills. Great altitudinal variation, high forest cover, adequate rainfall and due to its varied topography, the region is suitable for sustaining a rich fern flora. Hence, the aim of the present research was to conduct a thorough, systematic survey of the region in order to identify an array of pteridophytes. Specimens were collected during March-October 2020-21 at an altitude of 2700m. A total of 20 species of ferns and their allies were collected belonging to different families. A list of the species along with their nomenclature, synonyms, ecological and distributional notes have been provided so that it will be easy for their identification to the younger generation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Aulacopilum beccarii (Müll. Hal. ex Venturi) Mitt.: New record for Nilgiri Hills (Tamil Nadu), South India","authors":"Sonu Yadav","year":2025,"doi":"10.21276/pt.2024.v1.i1.2","url":"https://openalex.org/W4407256910","oa_url":"https://phytotalks.com/index.php/pt/article/download/3/196","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"PhytoTalks","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Aulacopilum beccarii (Müll. Hal. ex Venturi) Mitt. is a pleurocarpous moss that belongs to the family Erpodiaceae. The genus Aulacopilum Wils. consists of eight species distributed throughout the world, mostly in tropical regions There have only been two species identified in India thus far: A. glaucum and A. beccarii.. One new species of moss was found during the survey of the plant specimen (moss) collection from various areas of the Nilgiri hills. It was recognized as Aulacopilum beccarii (Müll. Hal. ex Venturi) Mitt. after thorough investigation. It was previously recorded only from the single location of Mahendragiri (Tirunelveli district), Tamil Nadu. The taxon has now been reported for the first time from the Nilgiri Hills as well. The plants are characterized by corticolous nature, green, and irregularly branched leaves. Leaves are oblong-ovate with hyaline, brittle leaves. Costa is absent. Leaf cells are thin-walled, hexagonal to quadrate, and multi-papillate, except basal angular cells. The basal cells are rectangular. The present report extends the range of species distribution within the country."},{"kind":"article","title":"Description of a new species of the earthworm genus Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of Tamil Nadu State, India","authors":"S. Prasanth Narayanan, Shakoor Ahmed, A. P. Thomas","year":2025,"doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.12","url":"https://openalex.org/W4407681919","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zootaxa","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A new earthworm species, Moniligaster gatesi Ahmed & Narayanan, sp. nov., is described based on the specimens collected from Ooty in Tamil Nadu State of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. It belongs to the gravelyi group of species, characterized by the vas deferens opening directly into the prostate, spermathecal atria confined to segment 7, and leaflet-like glands absent on the vas deferens. Among the congeners of the group, M. gatesi sp. nov. shows close similarity with M. gravelyi Stephenson, 1915, and M. bahli Narayanan & Julka, 2021. M. gatesi sp. nov. has paired atrial glands at each side, whereas the very similar-looking M. gravelyi has a single undivided atrial gland at each side. In M. gatesi sp. nov., the prostatic capsule has a shallow, nodulated surface, and the ovisacs extend in segments 13-16, but in M. bahli, the prostatic capsule is sinuous at the ental end with a few nodulations, and the ovisacs reach up to segment 20. Here we provide the detailed description of the external and internal characteristics of the new species along with the illustrations of the key characters. An updated key to the Moniligaster species is also provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nutritional Composition from Manure of Bovine Native Bargur Cattle and Jersey Cattle in the Anthiyur Taluk of Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"S. Anitha, R Venkitachalam, P. Ganapathi, S Yaswanthkumar, Ramu Subash, Karunakaran Surya","year":2025,"doi":"10.18805/ag.d-6258","url":"https://openalex.org/W4410245574","oa_url":"https://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/OnlinePublish/Final-article-attachemnt-with-doi-D-6258-6089603e9087340b9bdcbbb1.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Background: A study was carried out to compare, the nutritional composition of manures from indigenous Bargur cattle and Jersy Cattle in the Bargur hills of Anthiyur Taluk in Erode district of Tamil Nadu, India. The moisture content was higher in Jersy cattle at 52% and free-ranging cattle with 37%, but the highest pH values were noticed in dry manure samples of Jersy cattle. Similarly, the highest values of NPK, trace elements and minerals such as Mg, Zn and Fe were also noticed in dry manure samples of Jersy cattle than in indigenous Bargur cattle, but the highest percentage of Cu and organic carbon was observed in the free-ranging Bargur cattle. However, the highest growth rate of Lagenaria siceraria plant was shown in the manure of Bargur cattle. Methods: Fresh manure samples were collected from Bargur and Jersey cattle, which were sun-dried. The manure samples further analyzed for total nutrients like NPK and Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn using spectrophotometry and experimental methods. In a pot culture study, Lagenaria siceraria seeds were planted in soil mixed with these manures to compare growth effects and chlorophyll content in the plant leaves was quantified using spectrophotometric analysis. Result: Fresh dung samples of Indigenous Bargur and Jersey Cattle showed differences in color, moisture and nutrient content; Bargur dung had higher organic carbon and trace elements, while Jersey dung had higher NPK levels. In growth tests, plants in Bargur dung exhibited better growth and chlorophyll content than those in Jersey dung or control soil."},{"kind":"article","title":"Comparative Analysis of Measuring Bodyweight in Indigenous Bargur Hill Cattle by Direct and Indirect Methods using Morphometric Measurements","authors":"P. Ganapathi, Ramu Subash, Karunakaran Surya, N.V. Kavithaa, S. Anitha, Subramanian Meenakshisundaram","year":2025,"doi":"10.18805/ag.d-6272","url":"https://openalex.org/W4410378195","oa_url":"https://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/OnlinePublish/Final-article-attachemnt-with-doi-D-6272-6089603e9087340b9bdcbbb1.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Background: Bargur cattle, native to the Bargur hills of Tamil Nadu, India, are well-adapted to the region’s hilly terrain and tropical climate. However, due to their semi-wild nature, they can be challenging to handle. Accurate body weight estimation is crucial for managing these animals, especially for decisions related to treatment, marketing and feeding. In the absence of weighing equipment in the field, body weight is often estimated using easily measurable body dimensions like Body Length (BL), Chest Girth (CG) and Height at Withers (HW). Several methods, including Weighbridge, Schaeffer’s, Agarwal’s and Lambourne formulas, are used to estimate body weight in such conditions. Methods: Various methods have been employed to estimate the body weight of Bargur cattle in the absence of weighing equipment. The techniques used in this study include: Weighbridge: A standard calibrated weighing scale, considered the most accurate method for determining true body weight. Schaeffer’s Formula: An equation based on body measurements to estimate body weight. Agarwal’s Formula: Another formula using body measurements for estimating body weight. Lambourne Formula: A method that estimates weight using certain body measurements. Result: The results of the study indicate that the body weight of Bargur cattle can be reliably estimated using Schaeffer’s method. This method demonstrated higher accuracy compared to the other techniques (Agarwal’s formula and Lambourne formula), making it a valuable tool for effective decision-making in marketing, drug dosing and feeding. Schaeffer’s formula proved to be the most efficient and accurate for assessing the weight of Bargur cattle, thereby assisting in the management and monitoring of the breed in field conditions."},{"kind":"article","title":"Water Quality Index-based Groundwater Assessment for Irrigation and Drinking Purposes in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"S. Hemalatha, M Ravanashree, G. M. Rajesh, V Karthika, N. Arunkumar, R. Narmadha, C Agila, R. Suresh","year":2025,"doi":"10.9734/acri/2025/v25i91489","url":"https://openalex.org/W4414148352","oa_url":"https://journalacri.com/index.php/ACRI/article/download/1489/3653","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Archives of Current Research International","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Groundwater is an essential water resource for drinking and irrigation, especially in semi-arid areas such as Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India. This research assesses groundwater quality both for drinking and agriculture using standard water quality indices. 48 groundwater samples were gathered from 44 villages in the premonsoon season of 2021 and analysed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺), and major anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₂⁻+NO₃⁻) as well as fluoride. Drinking water quality was determined via Water Quality Index (WQI), while irrigation suitability was determined via Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), and Sodium Percentage (Na%). Results indicated that 23% of the samples were excellent, 43% good, 25% poor, and 9% unsuitable for consumption. 82% of the samples had low sodium hazard as per SAR, 77% were good as per RSC, and 37% doubtful as per Na%. Spatial analysis showed that the deterioration in groundwater quality was stronger in the east and center of the district, which pointed out the area of concern. The research presents new, location-specific information that can be used to develop sustainable groundwater management measures such as monitoring, remediation, and policy planning. These results emphasize the necessity of continuous monitoring of groundwater quality for guaranteeing safe drinking water supply and sustainable agricultural production in areas with intense farming and industrial pursuits."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nanoformulations of auxin and zeatin: A sustainable approach to minimize flower shedding in greengram","authors":"Priya B Kesava, Perumalla Pavithran, Marimuthu Subramanian","year":2025,"doi":"10.14719/pst.7257","url":"https://openalex.org/W4411456014","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/7257/8048","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Plant Science Today","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Greengram is a protein-rich pulse crop, facing significant yield challenges due to flower shedding, caused by factors such as limited photosynthesis, hormonal imbalances, genetic traits, etc. The study aimed to develop and evaluate nanoemulsions of 1-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and zeatin to reduce flower shedding and improve crop productivity. Laboratory synthesis and characterization were conducted at the Centre for Agricultural Nanotechnology and a field trial was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Nanoemulsions were standardized using 50% ethanol as the aqueous phase for NAA and 0.25% DMSO for zeatin, with liquid paraffin and Tween 80 forming the oil phase. The resultant formulations achieved reduced particle sizes (80-300 nm) with higher stability. Field experiments consisted of foliar application of nanoemulsions at varying concentrations and conventional formulations at recommended doses, applied at 50% flowering and 10 days thereafter. The results demonstrated that NAA nanoemulsion at 30 ppm significantly enhanced leaf area, dry matter production and chlorophyll index. Flower shedding was reduced to 60.2%, compared to control, while pod setting improved by 47.5%. The higher seed yield (1096 kg ha-1) and haulm yield were recorded with NAA nanoemulsion at 30 ppm, showing a 30.8% increase over the control. Conventional zeatin at 5 ppm also performed well but was less effective than NAA nanoemulsion. The study concluded that NAA nanoemulsion at 30 ppm effectively reduces flower shedding and enhances greengram productivity, offering a viable solution for improving sustainable crop management."},{"kind":"article","title":"Clonal evaluation of Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) as a superior fodder source for ruminants","authors":"M Sivaprakash, N M Ashwin, A Balasubramanian, S Radhakrishnan, I. Sekar, Roshni Vijayan, Pardeep Kumar, B. Sivakumar","year":2025,"doi":"10.14719/pst.8544","url":"https://openalex.org/W4413170823","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/8544/9307","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Plant Science Today","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Enterolobium cyclocarpum, a nitrogen-fixing tree belonging to the family Leguminosae, is known for its satisfactory nutritional traits, including crude fat, crude protein, crude fibre and ash content. The tree's ability to resprout after coppicing and its light-demanding nature at all growth stages are notable. This study investigates the nutritional and anti-nutritional values of leaves of E. cyclocarpum clones (EC 1-6) with EC 1-4 (Bhavanisagar source), EC 5 (TNAU source) and EC-6 (Mettupalayam source). This research aims to evaluate the potential of Enterolobium cyclocarpum as a supplementary livestock feed during the lean season and involves pollarding six clones at different heights (2, 3, 4 and 5 feet) with four replications per treatment. Nutritional analysis of leaf samples from the six clones was conducted using standard methods: crude protein by Micro-Kjeldahl method, crude fibre by the Weende method, crude fat by the Soxhlet method and ether extract by solvent extraction. The anti-nutritional analysis includes the evaluation of total phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids. The study also examines inter-clonal variations across all parameters. Additionally, ICP-MS analysis was conducted to assess elemental composition. This research investigates the fodder quality and palatability of E. cyclocarpum clones, aiming to explore their potential as an alternative fodder source. By addressing the gap between fodder demand and supply, the study seeks to provide a sustainable solution for livestock feed during lean seasons. The findings indicate that E. cyclocarpum clones (EC2, 4) are excellent fodder supplements for livestock."},{"kind":"article","title":"Development of crop coefficient of drip irrigated banana for semi-arid region","authors":"K. Arunadevi, A Valliammai, M. Nagarajan, N Sakthivel","year":2025,"doi":"10.14719/pst.6704","url":"https://openalex.org/W4408464284","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/6704/6338","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Plant Science Today","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during 2020-2023 in the experimental plots of Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, to estimate crop water requirement of bananas (Variety: Kadhali and Red Banana) irrigated through drip irrigation system based on soil moisture availability. Water requirements include evapotranspiration of crops and losses of water from fields. Evapotranspiration is the quantity of water transpired by plants during their growth, plus moisture evaporated from the surface of the soil and the vegetation. The reference evapotranspiration was estimated from the weather parameters. Crop evapotranspiration was estimated using the soil water balance method. Tensiometers were installed at different root zone depths (0-30 cm and 30-45 cm depth) of the banana crop to measure the soil moisture tension. The soil moisture characteristics curve of the research field was estimated. Irrigation was scheduled based on the readings observed in the tensiometer. The irrigation scheduling/interval was estimated as 2 to 3 days during the crop period based on soil moisture availability. The water consumed for different crop growth stages was estimated. The total irrigation water requirement for the kadhali and red bananas was 1224 mm and 1448 mm, respectively."},{"kind":"article","title":"Quadratic discriminant feature selected broken stick regressive deep convolution neural learning classification for turmeric crop yield prediction","authors":"Raguvaran Krishnamoorthy, Rajasekaran Chinnappan, Jayanthi Krishnasamy Balasundaram","year":2025,"doi":"10.1080/0954898x.2025.2488881","url":"https://openalex.org/W4409851901","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Network Computation in Neural Systems","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In this study, a novel technique termed Quadratic Discriminant Feature Selected Broken Stick Regressive Deep Convolution Neural Learning Classification (QDFSBSRDCNLC) Technique is proposed for disease classification and hence yields prediction of turmeric crop. Initially, we gathered the images of turmeric crops with and without diseases. The images are collected from the turmeric research field at Bhavanisagar. Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) is utilized to select relevant features from a dataset, reducing dimensionality. In this paper, four models, named FCN8, PSP Net, MobileNetV3 (small), and Deep Lab V3 are chosen for semantic segmentation of disease in turmeric crops. Turmeric crop production predicts is an important part of modern agriculture, allowing farmers to make sensible choices and optimize resources. We can predict turmeric crop yields accurately by using modern data analysis approaches. Predictive models take into consideration variables such as weather, soil quality, and farming techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that MobileNetV3 (small) performed better than other established ones with the accuracy of 97.99%, IoU of 96.82%, and Coefficient of 97.80% for 50 epochs. The proposed QDFSBSRDCNLC Technique effectively classifies diseases and predicts the yield of turmeric crops, with MobileNetV3 (small) showing superior performance among the tested models."},{"kind":"article","title":"Quantitative assessment of cotton evapotranspiration, irrigation requirements and water productivity from weather-based estimations","authors":"Gnanasekaran Madhavan, S Pazhanivelan, A. P. Sivamurugan, D Muthumanickam, S Selvakumar, K P Ragunath","year":2025,"doi":"10.14719/pst.11843","url":"https://openalex.org/W4416404176","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/11843/11352","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Plant Science Today","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This study investigates the water requirements, evapotranspiration dynamics and water productivity of cotton (CO 17) under semi-arid climatic conditions across three cropping seasons (2023-2025) at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Field experiments were conducted on sandy loam soils with continuous monitoring of weather, soil moisture and crop parameters. The standardized FAO Penman-Monteith equation was used to compute daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo), while actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was estimated using both locally developed and FAO-based crop coefficient (Kc) curves derived as functions of thermal units. Seasonal ETc ranged from 386 to 607 mm and irrigation applied varied between 170 and 336 mm. Seed cotton yield ranged from 1997 to 2237 kg/ha and lint yield from 678.8 to 761.7 kg/ha, with corresponding water use efficiency (WUE) values between 0.107 and 0.155 kg/m³ and water productivity (WP) from 0.32 to 0.46 kg/m³. Statistical analyses, including paired t-tests and regression, confirmed no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) between local and FAO-based ETc estimates, while a strong linear relationship (R² = 0.93) was observed between adjusted ETc and irrigation applied. The locally calibrated Kc improved ETc estimation by better representing canopy development and climatic variability. Precisely scheduled irrigation and site-specific Kc calibration enhanced yield, water productivity and resource-use efficiency, emphasizing the importance of ET-based irrigation management for sustainable cotton production in water-limited environments."},{"kind":"article","title":"Status of wildlife crimes and their causes by different communities around Bandipur Tiger Reserve, Karnataka","authors":"Venkat Naidu, M. R. Narayana Murthy, K. Prasanna, C. Nagarajaiah, Usha Ravіndra, Satish BN","year":2025,"doi":"10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i11sa.2670","url":"https://openalex.org/W4416357995","oa_url":"https://www.extensionjournal.com/article/view/2670/S-8-11-5","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Bandipur Tiger Reserve in Karnataka is a vital component of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, supporting rich biodiversity, including tigers, elephants, and several endemic species. Despite its protected status, the reserve continues to face threats from wildlife crimes driven by socio-economic pressures and weak enforcement. This study assessed wildlife crime patterns, law enforcement effectiveness, and community-level drivers influencing illegal activities around forest fringe villages in Mysuru and Chamarajanagar districts. Data were collected from Forest Offence Case records (2008–09 to 2017–18) and field surveys. Analysis revealed 1,864 total offences, of which 133 (7.13%) were wildlife crimes directly targeting species such as elephants, sambar, and tigers. Spatial analysis identified Gundlupet, G.S. Betta, and Hediyala as major hotspots, while AM Gudi and Moolehole recorded minimal cases due to inaccessibility and stricter protection. Temporal trends showed that crimes occurred throughout the year, with minor peaks in January, April, and September, indicating persistent illegal activity rather than seasonal variation. Legal scrutiny exposed systemic weaknesses—none of the 133 cases resulted in conviction, with most either closed or pending due to poor evidence and procedural lapses. Socio-economic surveys indicated that limited education, poverty, and high dependence on wage labour significantly contributed to wildlife offences. The findings highlight that effective conservation in Bandipur requires not only stronger enforcement, improved documentation, and judicial coordination, but also community-based interventions that promote sustainable livelihoods and local stewardship to ensure long-term biodiversity protection."},{"kind":"article","title":"Conservation Policing in the Capitalocene: An Exploratory Case Study in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu (India)","authors":"Shankar Prakash Alagesan","year":2025,"doi":"10.21428/cb6ab371.891a7895","url":"https://openalex.org/W4409643495","oa_url":"https://www.crimrxiv.com/pub/un1frxx8/download/pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"CrimRxiv","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This chapter examines the challenges of conservation policing in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR), Tamil Nadu, India, through the lens of the Capitalocene, a framework that attributes ecological crises to capitalist systems rather than uniform human activity. Drawing on an exploratory case study, the research investigates the impact of an extreme weather event—unprecedented flooding in August 2019, triggered by 911 mm of rainfall—on conservation policing, alongside the effects of neoliberal policies, specifically the outsourcing of anti-poaching watcher (APW) recruitment. A literature review synthesises emotional, organisational, operational, and community-related challenges in conservation policing, revealing a critical gap in addressing climate change-induced extreme weather events. Empirical data from direct observations, interviews with MTR rangers, and document analysis demonstrate how the flooding paralysed patrols, isolated rangers, and exposed inadequate preparedness, while neoliberal outsourcing exacerbated labour precarity, undermining APW morale and conservation efficacy. The study highlights the need for climate-resilient infrastructure, contingency planning, and equitable labour policies to strengthen conservation policing. By advocating for a conservation model that integrates ecological resilience with social justice, this chapter calls for future research to explore adaptive strategies using mixed-methods approaches, ensuring the sustainability of protected areas amidst capitalist-driven climate crises."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecological characterization of Moyar and Cauvery river using box plot model approach","authors":"Anbu Aravazhi Arunkumar","year":2025,"doi":"10.25303/2911rjce052061","url":"https://openalex.org/W4414850606","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Freshwater systems are arguably among the most endangered ecosystems on the Earth. Human activities on water lands/streams/rivers changed the hydrologic and ecological processes. Hence sound management of aquatic resources is necessary to understand the condition of habitats, the extent of changes in habitats and the factors influencing the changes. In order to arrive a better understanding of the biological processes, the study was carried out to a total of 16 Water and Habitat characters considered for analysis using Box Plot Model approach. During the sampling, a total of 22 sites as a whole was selected and sampled with 15 in River Moyar and 7 in River Cauvery. It has been observed that River Moyar is highly supplied with primary and secondary orders of streams and is rich in water quality and habitat structure which are unique in nature. No man-made habitat alterations with effects onto the fish community and assemblage structures have been identified. Hence by comparing the water quality and habitat characteristics of Moyar and Cauvery River system, it is concluded that the Moyar river system is rich in the water quality and habitat structure compared to the Cauvery river system."},{"kind":"article","title":"Fish diversity and habitat preference of a few endemic and threatened freshwater fishes of Western Ghats’s Moyar river, India","authors":"K. Narasimmarajan, V. Atkore, S. Palanivel, M. T. Mathai, J. A. Johnson","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s42965-025-00405-9","url":"https://openalex.org/W7114787627","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Tropical Ecology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Survey of critically endangered Vultures in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India","authors":"Sivachand Madathil Prakash, Rathish Ramachandran Latha, Cherot Krishnan Vishnudas","year":2025,"doi":"10.4314/vulnew.v88i1.1","url":"https://openalex.org/W7116669353","oa_url":"https://www.ajol.info/index.php/vulnew/article/download/312219/293703","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Vulture News","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (WWS), located within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, is a critical refuge for several vulture species in southern India. On 6 October 2024, we conducted a one-day survey across seven vantage sites representing four forest ranges in WWS using fixed-point scanning methods. A total of 74 vulture sightings were recorded, including 54 White-rumped Vultures Gyps bengalensis and 20 Red-headed Vultures Sarcogyps calvus. These findings reaffirm WWS as an important landscape for the conservation of critically endangered vultures in Kerala."},{"kind":"article","title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to health and well-being in a forest fringe community in southern India","authors":"Bindu Raghavan, Alby Wilson, Shruti Namboodiri, Manigandan Selvaraj, Krithi K. Karanth","year":2025,"doi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22653-z","url":"https://openalex.org/W4410132303","oa_url":"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12889-025-22653-z","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"BMC Public Health","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Variations in healthcare perceptions, knowledge and behaviors across different socioeconomic strata and regions underscore disparities in healthcare access and satisfaction levels. The Covid-19 pandemic exposed the vulnerability of forest-dependent communities to increased disease risks and the need to involve local communities in pandemic preparedness through education and awareness regarding disease and ill-health. This article synthesizes the challenges with respect to health and disease, healthcare services, and access to the same among forest-fringe communities. METHODS: We undertook a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) survey of 35 villages in and around the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in southern India. Semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions were used to collect information from households on these broad themes: self-reported health issues, healthcare-seeking behaviors, opinion on the healthcare options available to them, risky-behaviors related to disease and ill-health, and self-perceived risk factors for disease or ill-health. Data was also collected on socioeconomic status. Reponses were converted to nominal categories and analyzed using mixed methods. RESULTS: Our respondents self-reported a mix of acute (31%) and chronic (62%) health issues, with undiagnosed fever being the most reported acute ailment (57%). Access to healthcare services showed a preference for government facilities for primary care (63%) but private facilities for surgical procedures (30%, p < 0.05). A substantial portion (15%) reported paying more than a month's income for healthcare services. Education levels seemed to influence perceptions, with higher education correlating to a broader understanding of disease causation (p < 0.05). Lack of basic amenities such as clean drinking water, proper methods of garbage and sewage disposal, and access to nutritious food seem to be important risk factors for disease and illness. Overall, majority of the respondents (76%) expressed satisfaction with government healthcare services, reporting dignified treatment (64%) and regular visits by healthcare workers (74%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the need to incorporate socioeconomic inequities and barriers while devising healthcare outreach, awareness and service program. We suggest interventions aimed at enhancing healthcare access and promoting healthier practices that mirror the specific needs and socioeconomic dynamics of the local communities for improved community health and well-being."},{"kind":"article","title":"Hotspots and ecological drivers of human-sloth bear conflicts in Tamil nadu, India","authors":"Priyambada Routray, Thekke Thumbath Shameer, A. Udhayan, Rangaswamy Kanchana, Manikka Govindan Ganesan, Dhayanithi Vasantha Kumari","year":2025,"doi":"10.1007/s44353-025-00046-y","url":"https://openalex.org/W4414418860","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44353-025-00046-y.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Discover Conservation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) poses a significant challenge to conservation and socioeconomic stability, primarily driven by anthropogenic pressures. Sloth bears ( Melursus ursinus ), classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN, frequently engage in conflict with humans. Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of conflict is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies and informed conservation planning. This study analyzes Human-Sloth Bear Conflict (HSBC) events across 48 forest divisions in Tamil Nadu from 2016 to 2021, examining spatial hotspots, seasonal trends, and key predictors using ensemble modeling. A total of 17 divisions reported HSBC incidents, with a mean (± SD) conflict frequency of 3.69 ± 4.36 conflicts per affected division. Pollachi Division recorded the highest number of conflicts ( n = 17), with the majority of incidents concentrated in the Valparai and Manambolly forest ranges. Seasonal trends indicate strong fluctuations in conflict frequency, with ( n = 61) HSBC incidents recorded across 12 months, averaging 5.08 conflicts per month with a standard deviation of 2.31. Conflict incidents remain relatively low between January and May ( n = 2 to n = 5 incidents per month), reaching their lowest point in April ( n = 2). However, conflict levels peak in July ( n = 9) and remain consistently high during the monsoon and post-monsoon months (June, July, and October), necessitating targeted management strategies during these high-risk periods. Human injuries dominate HSBC cases, accounting for 83.87% ( n = 52), followed by human fatalities, which account for 9.68% ( n = 6). The distance to the forest boundary revealed that over 92% of HSBC incidents occurred within 10 km of reserved forests, with nearly half concentrated within just 1 km of the forest edge. The LULC analysis reveals that agricultural and low-density rural landscapes adjacent to forests are the most susceptible to HSBC. The Random Forest (RF) model demonstrated high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.95, TSS = 0.77, correlation = 0.72), identifying high-risk zones in the Nilgiris, Sathyamangalam, Coimbatore, and Anamalai regions, as well as parts of Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari. Predictor analysis reveals that temperature (Bio1), precipitation (Bio12), road proximity, elevation, and human modification indices (HMI) have a strong influence on conflict likelihood. Conflicts are more frequent in moderate temperature zones, near water sources, and in semi-modified landscapes. These findings provide essential insights for strategic conflict mitigation efforts, emphasising seasonally adapted interventions and landscape-specific conservation strategies."},{"kind":"article","title":"Imposing connectivity: Privileging an elephant corridor over ecotourism in the Sigur Plateau, South India","authors":"Ananda Siddhartha","year":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2025.103477","url":"https://openalex.org/W7117486319","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2025.103477","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Political Geography","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A substantial body of critical scholarship has examined how conservation territories are expanded beyond protected area boundaries through territorialisation. This involves specific strategies such as regulating access, enforcing boundaries, and delineating spatial domains to secure control. More recently, wildlife corridors have emerged as a key mechanism for this expansion, justified by their role in maintaining connectivity between fragmented habitats. While much of the literature focuses on how conservation is prioritised over other land uses, an important question arises: what happens when a corridor is imposed on a landscape where ecotourism is already established? This article examines such a situation by analysing the case of the Sigur elephant corridor, in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, officially notified by the state administration and the judiciary in 2010. As part of this notification, resorts located within the corridor were ordered to close and their buildings demolished. This not only had an immediate impact on these establishments but also triggered a chain of effects on the lives and livelihoods of people living within the landscape, and further exacerbated contestations between the Forest Department and other actors. I demonstrate how the discursive power of the ecological idea of the corridor was used to territorialise this landscape, signalling a decisive governance turn whereby the political geography of the landscape is increasingly dominated by a conservation logic. This conclusion has important implications for how political ecology should understand the changing role of conservation in Indian society and beyond."},{"kind":"article","title":"Status and ecological significance of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight &amp; Arn., a keystone species in the riparian forest of Moyar River valley in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Southern India.","authors":"I. SEKAR, Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Malavika S Nair, Thekke Thumbath Shameer, Siva Ranjani S, P Arunkumar, S Senbagapriya","year":2025,"doi":"10.63033/jwls.rkvl6975","url":"https://openalex.org/W4415614400","oa_url":"https://jwls.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/RKVL6975.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Wildlife Science.","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight &amp; Arn. is a keystone species that supports vital ecosystem services in riparian forest and associated faunal communities in the Moyar River valley. The study assessed the ecological significance of these trees in five forest ranges of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR). A total of 10,127 trees (92.9% live and 7.1% dead) were enumerated. Its distribution ranged from 292m to 933m AMSL with high basal area (7,612.26 m2), biomass (93,589.6 t) and carbon stock (46,794.8 t). We observed nests of White-rumped vulture Gyps bengalensis (n= 56) and Malabar giant squirrel Ratufa indica (n= 157) on these trees. This study highlights the importance of conserving large trees like T. arjuna due to their ecological significance and role in climate change mitigation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Survey and screening the different mulberry accessions responsible for animal deterrent properties","authors":"Ram Kumar, K Baranidharan, R Moulidharshan, T Thamizharasu, R Durgadevi, D Sri, V Kabinesh","year":2025,"doi":"10.33545/26180723.2025.v8.i11sa.2641","url":"https://openalex.org/W4416063130","oa_url":"https://www.extensionjournal.com/article/view/2641/S-8-10-2","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Human wildlife interaction is a significant challenge in forest-fringe regions, where overlapping requirements of food, space and shelter lead to frequent crop losses. This study surveyed and screened mulberry (Morus spp.) accessions for their potential animal deterrent properties in Erode District, Tamil Nadu. A total of 63 mulberry farmers across 24 villages in four major blocks Sathyamangalam, Bhavanisagar, Nambiyur and Thalavadi were interviewed using structured questionnaires. The survey assessed demographic profiles, landholding patterns, mulberry varieties under cultivation and incidences of wild animal intrusion. Results revealed that mulberry cultivation is predominantly male-driven (76%), with middle-aged farmers (35-50 years) contributing the highest share (49.2%). Small landholders (<2 acres) dominated the population (66.7%), reflecting the marginal scale of sericulture. Among varieties, V1 was most widely adopted (47.6%), followed by MR2 (36.5%), while G4 (15.9%) was confined to Sathyamangalam. Nearly half the farmers (47.6%) experienced wild animal intrusion, with Sathyamangalam accounting for 80% of the cases. Seasonal variation showed peak crop damage in summer (70%). Wild boars (Sus scrofa) were the most destructive (44.5%), followed by elephants, deer and monkeys. The findings emphasize the spatial and seasonal vulnerability of mulberry fields and highlight the potential of plant-based repellents, particularly alkaloid-rich mulberry accessions, as sustainable solutions to mitigate crop loss and protect rural livelihoods."},{"kind":"article","title":"Differential impact of fire on tree diversity, composition, structure and carbon stock in tropical savanna","authors":"Shovasish Karna, Shanmuganathan Jayakumar","year":2025,"doi":"10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100229","url":"https://openalex.org/W7114990176","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100229","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Next Sustainability","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Tropical savannas are characterized as a stable and fire-dependent biome, in which recurrent fire is a prominent feature. Fire frequency stands out as one of the most influential parameters in the savanna fire regime. In Asia, savannas are often misclassified as derived or degraded forests, India is no exception. Due to its patchy distribution, longstanding confusion over the vegetation type, little scientific attention was paid to the ecological and compositional aspects of savanna concerning fire frequency. Understanding the tree community dynamics concerning fire frequency has immense potential, particularly in the Indian context. This study was conducted in the savanna ecosystem of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR), Western Ghats, to understand the long-term response of trees to fire frequency. A fire frequency map of the savanna spanning 33 years (from 1990 to 2022) was generated from Landsat satellite imagery. As per fire frequency, the composite map was stratified into fifteen different fire frequency classes (F0-F14). Furthermore, stratified random sampling was done to examine tree parameters. Parameters such as tree density, diversity, species richness, and basal area exhibited significant differences across fire frequency groups. Conversely, tree above-ground biomass and carbon stock showed non-significant changes concerning fire frequency. Species composition, visualized through non-metric multidimensional scaling, revealed two distinct clusters between unburned and high-fire frequency groups. Additionally, fire frequency significantly impacted the regeneration process, with the highest proportion of species in the moderate fire frequency group exhibiting good and fair regeneration, compared to the lowest proportion in the unburned group. The exhibited structural and compositional changes in tree communities in the savanna ecosystem of STR underscored the impacts of fire frequency on biodiversity conservation and call for holistic management of forest fires."},{"kind":"article","title":"Long-term Assessment of Fire Regime Across Different Forest Types","authors":"Shovasish Karna, S. Jayakumar","year":2025,"doi":"10.55863/ijees.2025.0733","url":"https://openalex.org/W4412371555","oa_url":"https://ojs.nieindia.org/index.php/ijees/article/download/733/140","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Worldwide, fire plays a crucial role in ecosystem patterns and processes. The fire regime varies across the biomes, and different ecosystems respond differently. Alteration in the fire regime affects the ecosystem negatively. In the absence of historical records, long-term fire studies are essential to understand the fire regime on a regional scale. Fires inside the wilderness area of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR) occur as a result of anthropogenic artefacts. Twenty-five years of fire frequency study from satellite remote sensing revealed that fire is prominent in the dry deciduous and open grassy systems. However, active fire suppression policies in recent times have shown their effectiveness in controlling fire in forested areas. Remote sensing-based fire studies must be integrated with field-based quantification of fire regimes and various other effects to get more ecological insights."},{"kind":"article","title":"IoT-Based Solar Energy for Rural Development: A Transformative Approach for Tribal Communities in Sathyamangalam Forest","authors":"S. Praveen Kumar, T M. Elamathi, S. Dhanish, Vasupalli Manoj","year":2025,"doi":"10.4108/eai.28-4-2025.2357947","url":"https://openalex.org/W4415438112","oa_url":"http://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.28-4-2025.2357947","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This project aims to assist tribal communities located in the Sathyamangalam Forest region through the installation of Internet of Things (IoT) based solar systems for sustainability and resilience. Smart solar panels and IoT based monitoring systems will provide continuous electrification to househ"},{"kind":"article","title":"Human-Wildlife Conflict: Causes, Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies","authors":"Rashmi Meena","year":2024,"doi":"10.53573/rhimrj.2024.v11n11.002","url":"https://openalex.org/W7167413142","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.53573/rhimrj.2024.v11n11.002","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"RESEARCH HUB International Multidisciplinary Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) represents one of the most pressing socio-ecological challenges confronting contemporary India, where expanding human populations and recovering wildlife populations increasingly compete for shrinking landscapes. This article provides a comprehensive examination of the causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies for HWC in the Indian context. Drawing upon peer-reviewed research, government data, and empirical case studies published between 2020-2023, we analyze the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon. A systematic review reveals that most HWC-related research has been concentrated in Karnataka, followed by Kerala and West Bengal, with elephants identified as the highest conflict species, followed by wild pigs and leopards (Shameer et al., 2023). Key drivers include habitat fragmentation and loss, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, and the expansion of wildlife populations into human-dominated landscapes. The consequences extend beyond immediate human casualties and economic losses to encompass psychological trauma, livelihood destabilization, retaliatory wildlife killings, and erosion of public support for conservation. Research from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve demonstrates that anthropogenic pressure reducing grass biomass and degrading habitat is the likely root cause of human-elephant conflict, and minimizing it would reduce overall conflict (Baskaran et al., 2023). We evaluate existing mitigation approaches including physical barriers, early warning systems, community-based initiatives, and compensation mechanisms. The analysis highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and multiple stakeholder involvement for effective HWC management (Shameer et al., 2023). We argue that sustainable solutions require moving beyond reactive, species-centric interventions toward integrated landscape planning that addresses both ecological and social dimensions of conflict."},{"kind":"article","title":"Should elephants graze or browse? The nutritional and functional consequences of dietary variation in a mixed-feeding megaherbivore","authors":"Hansraj Gautam, Fabio Berzaghi, M. Thanikodi, Abhirami Ravichandran, Sheshshayee Sreeman, Mahesh Sankaran","year":2024,"doi":"10.1101/2024.11.13.622959","url":"https://openalex.org/W4404421723","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2024/11/15/2024.11.13.622959.full.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"ABSTRACT Unlike specialist browsers and grazers, the diets of mixed-feeding megaherbivores like elephants are complex and broad, comprising numerous plant species of variable nutritional quality. Here, we revisit an unresolved debate on whether browse is more nutritious than grasses for elephants, as browse is thought to have greater crude protein content. We first analyzed carbon isotopes in 102 fecal samples of Asian elephants to quantify the contribution of browsing and grazing to their diet in Nagarahole National Park, southern India. We show that elephants are predominantly browsers in the grass-scarce Nagarahole forests, in contrast with predominant grazing reported in the nearby grass-abundant savannas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. We then compared the forage quality of high-browsing and high-grazing diets by analyzing these samples for two proxies of crude protein content (CP): nitrogen content (N%) and Carbon-to-Nitrogen ratio (C:N). Interestingly, high-browsing diets did not have higher N% or lower C:N (proxies for high CP) than low-browsing (high-grazing) diets. To explore the generality of this finding, we analyzed nutritional differences (i.e., CP and fibre content values) between browse and grass across 141 plant species consumed by Asian elephants. We show that woody browse and non-legume browse, which are major components of elephant browse, do not have appreciably higher CP than grasses. Our findings suggest that browsing and grazing broadly have similar nutritional value for such bulk-feeding mixed feeders. Finally, based on the observed habitat-wide variation in browsing, we provide a new framework for assessing how elephants shape woody vegetation across the forests and savannas of Asia, with important implications for conservation and carbon cycling."},{"kind":"article","title":"Determinants of Visitors’ Willingness to Pay for Enhanced Ecosystem Services in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India: A Contingent Valuation Approach","authors":"Rajkumar V, Boopathi S","year":2024,"doi":"10.1177/10704965241241867","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10704965241241867","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"The Journal of Environment &amp; Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Raptors in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, Jabamalainathan Leona Princy, Jasudass Beulahbah, Jeyasubashini Regupathikannan, Phillmon Smart Edward, Nizamudheen Moinudheen","year":2024,"doi":"10.3126/njz.v8i1.67111","url":"https://doi.org/10.3126/njz.v8i1.67111","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Nepalese Journal of Zoology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Examining stakeholders’ intelligence-led conservation strategies for preventing and detecting wildlife crime in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve: A mixed-methods study","authors":"Shankar Prakash Alagesan, Srinivasan Murugesan","year":2024,"doi":"10.21428/cb6ab371.8b6b9ddc","url":"https://doi.org/10.21428/cb6ab371.8b6b9ddc","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.21428/cb6ab371.8b6b9ddc","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"CrimRxiv","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Mapping forest phenological shift in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats: Response to climate change","authors":"Bodi Surya Pratap Chandra Kishore, Amit Kumar, Purabi Saikia","year":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101325","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101325","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Attractiveness of Dung Beetles to Different Types of Dung in a Coffee Plantation Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Subha Babu Jayaprakash, Nithya Sathiandran, Sabu K. Thomas","year":2024,"doi":"10.55446/ije.2024.2080","url":"https://doi.org/10.55446/ije.2024.2080","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Entomology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Unsung Heroes of the Quit India Movement: Lesser-Known Freedom Fighters from Erode District and Their Contribution to India's Independence Struggle","authors":"Dr. K. Madhusudharsanan, Mrs. S. Vimala","year":2024,"doi":"10.53555/kuey.v30i11.10540","url":"https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i11.10540","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Educational Administration: Theory and Practice","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Turmeric Cultivation in Erode District: An Analysis of Farmer Constraints","authors":"Dhivya C, Arunkumar R, R. Muthukumar","year":2024,"doi":"10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i92367","url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i92367","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Scientific Research and Reports","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"CONSUMERS ATTITUDE AND PREFERENCE TOWARDS ONLINE FOOD DELIVERY SERVICES PROVIDERS: A STUDY IN ERODE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU","authors":"R. Sukasini, K. Subramaniam","year":2024,"doi":"10.36106/gjra/2704912","url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/2704912","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Analysis of Turmeric Cultivation Practices among Farmers in Erode District","authors":", Parimala Devi","year":2024,"doi":"10.54615/2231-7805.13.2.007","url":"https://doi.org/10.54615/2231-7805.13.2.007","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact Of Workload and Role Expectations On Faculty Performance in Higher Education Institutions In Erode District: An Empirical Study","authors":"Mrs R. Ramya","year":2024,"doi":"10.53555/kuey.v30i11.10476","url":"https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i11.10476","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Educational Administration: Theory and Practice","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Buyer’s Behaviour Towards Next Gen Home Products with Special Reference to Erode District","authors":"V Kanimozhi, K Gunasundari","year":2024,"doi":"10.34293/commerce.v12i2.7125","url":"https://doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v12i2.7125","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ComFin Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A STUDY ON POLICY HOLDERS PREFERENCE TOWARDS LIFE INSURANCE POLICY IN ERODE DISTRICT","authors":"A Ramyashree","year":2024,"doi":"10.62737/tjk9a478","url":"https://doi.org/10.62737/tjk9a478","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Management, Economics and Commerce","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact Of Social Media Addiction On Attention Seeking Behavior Among College Students In Erode District","authors":"Dr. T. Enok Joel","year":2024,"doi":"10.53555/kuey.v30i2.7795","url":"https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i2.7795","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Educational Administration: Theory and Practice","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF INVESTORS TOWARDS INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVES IN ERODE DISTRICT","authors":"A. Ramyashree","year":2024,"doi":"10.62737/sw665847","url":"https://doi.org/10.62737/sw665847","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Management, Economics and Commerce","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Strategies For Enhancing Employability Skills Of College Students In Erode District","authors":"Dr.TNR. Kavitha","year":2024,"doi":"10.53555/kuey.v30i11.10516","url":"https://doi.org/10.53555/kuey.v30i11.10516","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Educational Administration: Theory and Practice","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study of the Agricultural Methods Used by Turkish Farmers in the Erode District","authors":"Mrs. A. Parimaladevi","year":2024,"doi":"10.55248/gengpi.5.0724.1845","url":"https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0724.1845","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Leech repellents used by Estate workers in O’ valley Panchayat of  Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":null,"year":2024,"doi":"10.56042/ijtk.v23i1.8144","url":"https://doi.org/10.56042/ijtk.v23i1.8144","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Endemic Asclepiads in Nilgiri biosphere reserve, India","authors":"Murugesan M, Karthik B","year":2024,"doi":"10.26524/krj.2024.18","url":"https://doi.org/10.26524/krj.2024.18","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Kongunadu Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of threatened arborous species in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"Verisakkaiah Sakkamuthu, Ariyan Sarvalingam, Kumareswari Thangadurai","year":2024,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4367154/v1","url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4367154/v1","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on Molecular Taxonomy and Morphological Characteristics of Haematobia irritans exigua (de Meijere, 1903); A New Range Extension in the Bargur Hills of Erode District in  Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Yaswanthkumar. S, Ganapathi. P, Velusamy R, Venkitachalam. R","year":2024,"doi":"10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154256","url":"https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i154256","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"WOMEN BEHIND WHEELS EXPLORING THE CLAY POTTERY FROM THIRUCHIGADI, NILGIRIS, TAMIL NĀDU","authors":"Anthima Ram, Vishakha Rao","year":2024,"doi":"10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i2cdsdad.2023.835","url":"https://openalex.org/W4391281683","oa_url":"https://www.granthaalayahpublication.org/Arts-Journal/ShodhKosh/article/download/835/768","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Black pottery made by the women of Kota tribe of Nilgiri Hills holds a unique identity of their craft and craftmanship. A group of these women potters are names as “Kov” by the natives.This research study on Black pottery focuses on the traditional art of clay pottery in Thiruchigadi, a small town in Tamil Nadu's gorgeous Nilgiris region. This study strives to reveal the historical significance, cultural context, and modern relevance of the age-old trade by focusing on the often-overlooked role of women potters. The extraordinary artistry, its evolution over ages and relevance of preserving the art and craft for the modern age. Adding lights on the sophisticated, unique, environmentally sustainable processes, designs, motifs, and the ritualistic essence that passed down through generations of female craftspeople through ethnographic observations, interviews, news articles, archival data, and research.The research shows these women's strong sense of individuality, strong spirit, added contribution to the cultural skillset and a contribution towards retaining a thriving craft legacy by examining the socioeconomic dynamics and obstacles they encounter."},{"kind":"article","title":"Reshaping conservation incorporating Indigenous perspectives","authors":"Kamaljit K. Sangha, C. Madegowda, M. Balasubramanian","year":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03197","url":"https://openalex.org/W4402388104","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03197","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Global Ecology and Conservation","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Typically, conservation is achieved by excluding, evacuating, or legally dismissing the rights of local/native people from using protected areas, resulting in evictions, ongoing distress, and dejection among many Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) worldwide. However, the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary (BRTWS) in the Western Ghats offers a unique example of conservation where local tribal people, Soligas , have persisted and been living with tigers, elephants, bears, leopards, and other wild animals for millennia. In the past, they managed the forest which, under the colonial and later modern conservation policies, has been restricted and penalised. However, Soligas ’ continuous existence in the Sanctuary suggests that people’s knowledge and skills must be contributing to enable them to co-exist with wild animals. Our integrated analysis of ecological, socio-cultural, and policy aspects and experience of working with Soligas in the BRT landscape typifies the importance of locals’ knowledge in managing the forest — urging the need to recognise and support IPLCs’ work for achieving conservation as well as socio-economic outcomes. This Note highlights the necessity to understand, recognise, and embrace IPLCs’ knowledge systems from a conservation context. Emerging future economic opportunities through Nature-based Solutions, if developed equitably, sustainably, and in culturally appropriate ways in line with IPLCs' aspirations and responsibilities, can benefit both wildlife and people, while reducing wildlife conflicts and delivering multiple-faceted conservation outcomes globally. • A unique case study of an Indigenous community ( Soliga Adivasi people in India) living with tigers in a global biodiversity hotspot, the Western Ghats of India. • Highlights the importance of traditional knowledge and practices, and a holistic perspective of tribal people’s living with wild animals as part of ‘one system’. • Proposes transformative perspectives on conservation and forest management, drawing lessons from Soligas living with tigers in the Western Ghats."},{"kind":"article","title":"A critique of the <scp>Right</scp> of <scp>Passage</scp> as a guide to elephant corridors in India","authors":"Jean‐Philippe Puyravaud, Priya Davidar, Samuel A. Cushman","year":2024,"doi":"10.1111/csp2.13212","url":"https://openalex.org/W4401397282","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/csp2.13212","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Conservation Science and Practice","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus L.), an endangered species, has been exterminated across most of its range over the past few centuries (De Silva et al., 2023), and now survives in small, fragmented populations (Leimgruber et al., 2003). Reconnecting elephant habitats is a major challenge for the long-term survival of this species (Davidar et al., 2023). A report on elephant corridors in India “The Right of Passage—elephant corridors in India” or ROP (Menon et al., 2005) identifies 88 corridors throughout the Indian territory for conservation purposes. This document was published by the Wildlife Trust of India and financially supported by a grant from the US Fish and Wildlife Services. By the ROP authors' own admission, their work was preliminary and their list incomplete. In several instances, this warning has been ignored and projects were approved (Dutt, 2015) or encouraged (Bagla, 2009) on the basis that no corridor occurred in the ROP for the sites' locations. Even when other endangered species were concerned, focus remained on the elephant or absence thereof in the ROP (Bagla, 2009; Davidar, 2009). Due to its importance for policy and public affairs, it is crucial that scientists, decision-makers, and citizens understand the usefulness and the shortcomings of the ROP. The ROP is useful as it attempts to list elephant corridors throughout India. However, it does not have its own working definition for “corridor.” In empirical science, no less than in mathematics, definitions are cornerstones of proper reasoning. Without a working definition, there is no possibility of establishing criteria that would help differentiate an elephant corridor from other pieces of land. Furthermore, the absence of such criteria may overlook areas that should be declared corridors. The ROP is at best a compilation of expert opinions with little coordination, together with a few corridors that were validated using movement data and dung pile counts. The methodology for these validation exercises is also missing. The ROP consequently does not qualify as a rigorous scientific study. The ROP has missed critical existing and prior elephant corridors, and mostly identifies short linear paths mostly between reserves, as corridors. In the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which hosts part of the largest Asian elephant population in the world, an evaluation of elephant corridors (Puyravaud et al., 2016) with the factorial least-cost path (Cushman et al., 2009) and resistant kernel techniques (Compton et al., 2007), highlighted that only half of the corridors identified by the ROP were supported by comprehensive and consistent analyses. Only two corridors were common to the ROP and an earlier study in the NBR (Davidar, 1981), which illustrates the limitation of expert knowledge. Expert opinion also tended to ignore the hierarchical nature of corridor networks. Some corridors are more important than others. The Sigur corridor for example, is part of an extended corridor connecting the elephant populations of the Western and the Eastern Ghats. It was not listed in the ROP, even though its importance was highlighted by Puyravaud et al. (2016). The ROP also fails to mention the potential corridor of the Palghat Gap, a paleo-valley between the northern and the southern Western Ghats where elephant population connectivity had been severed only a few generations ago (De et al., 2021), possibly due to agricultural expansion. The second version of the Right of Passage (Menon et al., 2017) identified 101 corridors with no clarification or improvement in the methodology. The authors ignored that between 2000 and 2017, the number of publications in landscape ecology had exploded with technical advances to identify corridors such as the least-cost path modeling (Adriaensen et al., 2003), factorial least cost path modeling (Cushman et al., 2009), resistant kernel methods (Compton et al., 2007), circuit theory (McRae & Beier, 2007), landscape genetics (Cushman et al., 200"},{"kind":"article","title":"Sagina nilagirica (Sagineae, Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Western Ghats, India)","authors":"SUBRAMANIAN ATHIRA, GOVINDAN KANAKAMBIKA, MANIKANDAN SMITHA, S. Remya, ABDUL AZEEZ MUHSINA, M. C. Nair","year":2024,"doi":"10.11646/phytotaxa.676.1.5","url":"https://openalex.org/W4405039586","oa_url":"http://publication.plazi.org/id/522F7D5DFF8FA571FFAE9132FFFBFF81","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Phytotaxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Sagina nilagirica is described and illustrated as a new species from Doddabetta hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu, India). It is morphologically similar to S. procumbens by its habit (ascending to decumbent), linear leaves, tetramerous flowers and ovoid, 4-valved capsule, but differs in having non-succulent leaves, by the absence of persistent basal leaves, upright fruiting pedicel, lanceolate and pubescent sepal, trigonal petals with bilobed limb and crassuloid-type seeds with reniform, smooth, non-grooved seed surface having distinct elongate cog-wheel like epidermal cells with acute interdigitating teeth."},{"kind":"article","title":"Tortula muralis Hedw (IUCN red listed taxa): New record for Nillgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Sonu Yadav","year":2024,"doi":"10.21276/pt.2024.v1.i3.2","url":"https://openalex.org/W4403781403","oa_url":"https://phytotalks.com/index.php/pt/article/download/30/140","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"PhytoTalks","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"There is no indication of a notable recent or ongoing decline in the wide-spread species Tortula muralis Hedw, which is classified as an IUCN red-listed (LC). With time, the IUCN Red List of Threatened has developed into the most extensive collection of information on the state of animal, fungal, and plant conservation worldwide. It is an important metric for assessing the condition of biodiversity worldwide. In Tamil Nadu, Tortula muralis has been before recorded from Palni Hills. It is being collected for the first time from the Coonoor region of the Nilgiri Hills during this study. Spathulate leaves with long hyaline aristas and leaf-cell papillose on both surfaces with 2-4 thick C-shaped segments are characteristics of the species. Abaxial steroidal band with four to five well-developed deuter cells. The capsule is reddish-brown and upright."},{"kind":"article","title":"The Business Model Canvas (BMC) Approach for Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) Strategy and Business Transformation in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR), Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Shaheed Khan, Freeda Maria Swarna M","year":2024,"doi":"10.47392/irjaem.2024.0472","url":"https://openalex.org/W4403700961","oa_url":"https://goldncloudpublications.com/index.php/irjaem/article/download/548/570","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Alexander Osterwalder’s Business Model Canvas (BMC) is one of trusted and used business frameworks among entrepreneurs, strategists, start-ups, large corporations, and innovators. The BMC in fact, has created ample opportunities to usher in business transformation and help leverage organizations of all hues to greater heights. The framework has used in the manufacturing, services and even the social sector which has ensured its applicability and acceptability. In the current research the BMC is being applied on the tourism sector, with specific reference to Community-based Ecotourism (CBET), wherein a community, in a heavily forested tribal area, have adopted a business model under the guidance of the Forest Department (FD) of the state of Tamil Nadu and have made the best of efforts to i) create livelihood options, ii) capacity building for tourism and hospitality activities, iii) preservation, protection, conservation of the forest area which is part of a UNESCO designated Biodiversity site (Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve (NBR), iv) promote Ecotourism, which has its impacts on the Environment, Society (Social) and Economy (Economic); thereby creating ample opportunities for business transformation. The CBET model has in fact, created benchmarks through the Ecodevelopment Committees (EDC) and Ecotourism Management Committees (ETMC), which are managed at the grassroot level. Every business no doubt requires and plan and strategy, the EDC and ETMC business models have transformed and showcased to the world, what can be done by a community who are not exposed to the world of business, but are affluent about their existence and contribution to protection, preservation, and conservation. The authors have worked with the community over a period, are juxtaposing the thoughts as propounded in the BMC, which will further support in helping in the business transformation of the Community and its tryst with Ecotourism."},{"kind":"article","title":"Taxonomic revision of ground beetles (Carabidae) from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Karthikeyan Murugan, Selvi Palani, Rajan Arumugam","year":2024,"doi":"10.33545/27080013.2024.v5.i2b.308","url":"https://openalex.org/W7151423364","oa_url":"https://www.actajournal.com/article/308/7-4-6-474.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Acta Entomology and Zoology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Ground beetles of the family Carabidae are among the most species-rich beetle groups in tropical montane forests, yet no systematic revision has been attempted for the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve despite its status as a Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. This research presents a taxonomic inventory of Carabidae collected from five habitat types across the Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, between April 2020 and March 2023. Specimens were gathered using pitfall traps, hand collecting, and leaf-litter sifting at elevations ranging from 1,100 to 2,636 m. A total of 1,083 individuals representing 52 species from 6 subfamilies and 28 genera were identified. Harpalinae was the most species-rich subfamily (22 species, 41.6 percent of individuals), followed by Pterostichinae (11 species) and Carabinae (7 species). Shola forest fragments yielded the highest species richness (38 species) and Shannon diversity (H' = 3.12), while tea plantations supported the lowest diversity (18 species, H' = 1.87). Body length varied significantly across subfamilies, with Carabinae being the largest (mean 18.6 mm) and Lebiinae the smallest (mean 7.8 mm). Elytral length-to-width ratios differed among habitats, with shola forest species showing the highest ratios consistent with more elongated body forms adapted to litter microhabitats. Seven species represent new records for Tamil Nadu, and two potentially undescribed species from the genus Chlaenius are flagged for further taxonomic work. This revision provides an updated checklist and morphometric reference for Carabidae in the Nilgiri hills."},{"kind":"article","title":"Production performance of high yielding variety of finger millet in Erode district of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S Saravana Kumar, P Alagesan","year":2024,"doi":"10.5958/2250-0499.2024.00031.x","url":"https://openalex.org/W4400739471","oa_url":"https://indianjournals.com/api/article-view/ijfs-14-1and2-016","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Farm Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"An attempt was made to identify suitable high yielding variety of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) for western zone of Tamil Nadu through on-farm trials in Erode district of Tamil Nadu during 2020-2021. The trials comprised high yielding finger millet variety ATL 1, seed treatment with biofertilizers and other integrated crop management practices. The variety ATL 1 had higher number of tillers per plant (8.3) as compared to ML 365 (7.8) and test weight per plant (3.16 g) as against 3.10 g in ML 365. Higher grain and fodder yield of 2,984 and 6,351 kg per ha respectively was also observed in ATL 1 as compared to 2,619 and 5,526 kg per ha respectively in ML 365. The average cost of cultivation of ATL 1 was Rs 25,190.00 per ha, whereas, it was Rs 27,050.00 per ha in farmers’ practicing variety ML 365. The improved crop management practices and the high yielding variety recorded the higher net return of Rs 36,732.00 per ha as against Rs 27,949.00 per ha in farmers’ practicing variety. Thus higher benefit-cost ratio of 2.46 was observed in ATL 1 variety in comparison to 2.04 in ML 365. There existed an extension gap 365 kg per ha between the improved variety ATL 1 and farmers’ practicing variety ML 365 and the technology gap was of 116 kg per ha. The lower value of the technology index of 3.74 per cent showed the higher feasibility of the variety ATL 1 and adoption of improved package of practices."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on Molecular Taxonomy and Morphological Characteristics of Haematobia irritans exigua (de Meijere, 1903); A New Range Extension in the Bargur Hills of Erode District in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"S Yaswanthkumar, Venkitachalam Ramasamy, Pramod Ganapathi, R. Velusamy","year":2024,"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4899361","url":"https://openalex.org/W4400944178","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4899361","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Bargur cattle: status, characteristics and performance","authors":"R. K. Pundir, P KATHIRAVAN, Preetam Singh, V A VAMANIKHANDAN","year":2024,"doi":"10.56093/ijans.v79i7.76434","url":"https://openalex.org/W1513562255","oa_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAnS/article/download/76434/31881","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences","citations":10,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Bargur, the hill cattle of Tamil Nadu, India is reared mostly inside the forests and is surviving under zero-input conditions. Their home tract is restricted to a narrow geographical area in and around Bargur hills at an elevation of about 1000 m above the MSL. The distinguishing morphological features of these cattle include its typical brown colour with white patches and being compact in size. The average body length, height at withers and heart girth were 99.7-2.0 cm, 10836+0.8 cm and 139, 92+0.9 cm in cows and 109.18-32 cm, 117.59-1.5 cm and 152.7+3.2 cm for adult males respectively. Cows are poor milkers and produce about 0.5 to 3.0 litres milk per day after suckling by calf. However, bullocks are famous for their endurance and speed in trotting. Animal are mostly maintained for dung and draft in the breeding tract. In the last three decades, the population of these animals has declined drastically by about 90% (to less than 10,000) due to various reasons. There is a strong and urgent need to make efforts for conservation so that the extinction of this valuable germplasm may be avoided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Unveiling the Hidden Causes: Identifying the Drivers of Human–Elephant Conflict in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, Southern India","authors":"Nagarajan Baskaran, Selvarasu Sathishkumar, Varadharajan Vanitha, M.S. Arjun, Perumal Keerthi, Nikshepan Goud Bandhala","year":2024,"doi":"10.3390/ani14223193","url":"https://openalex.org/W4404122686","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/22/3193/pdf?version=1730974289","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Animals","citations":12,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Since the human population is growing beyond the earth's ability to sustain it, more people are being brought into contact with wildlife, leading to increasing human-wildlife conflict. The Asian elephant, a wide-ranging megaherbivore, is being increasingly threatened by human-elephant conflict [HEC]. Its conservation depends on identifying the causes of HEC and implement measure to mitigate the HEC effectively. We studied the drivers of HEC among five forest divisions in Western Ghats, India, that support a high density of elephants across Asia. Comparing the last six years' data on HEC with 26 ecological covariates in the GLMM framework, we identified spatiotemporal variations and drivers of crop, and property damages and human casualties. Spatially, HEC was highest in the territorial division and lowest in those declared as Protected Areas earlier. The comparison of crop damage with covariates showed that crop damage decreased with the grass biomass index, elephant density, extent of dry-thorn, and deciduous habitats, and forest range area, while it increased with adult male % and forest range perimeter. Similarly, the property damage by elephants increased with crop damage frequency and human settlement/cultivation area, but decreased with grass biomass, forest range area, and deciduous habitat area. Human casualties due to elephants increased with property damage, ambient temperature, and forest range perimeter, but decreased with grass biomass. Overall, the decrease in HEC with grass biomass, and the increase in HEC with human settlement and forest range perimeter indicate that anthropogenic pressure that decreases the grass biomass and degrades the habitat is the likely root cause of HEC, and minimizing it would reduce overall HEC."},{"kind":"article","title":"Investigating fault injection techniques in hardware‐based deep neural networks and mutation‐based fault localization","authors":"Yves Le Traon, Tao Xie","year":2024,"doi":"10.1002/stvr.1880","url":"https://openalex.org/W4396698358","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/stvr.1880","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Software Testing Verification and Reliability","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In this edition, we present two papers that explore complementary aspects of software reliability, both leveraging different fault injection techniques, shedding light on hardware faults' impact on deep learning neural networks (DNNs) and the enhancement of mutation-based fault localization techniques. The first paper, titled ‘Investigating the impact of transient hardware faults on deep learning neural network inference’ by Md Hasanur Rahman, Sabuj Laskar, and Guanpeng Li, examines the intersection of hardware faults and DNN inference, particularly in safety-critical applications like autonomous vehicles and healthcare systems. As DNNs become increasingly prevalent in such domains, understanding their susceptibility to transient hardware faults becomes crucial. The authors introduce advancements in fault injection techniques, by enhancing the fault injector, TENSORFI, for TensorFlow applications, enabling scalable fault injections in modern DNN models. Through extensive experimentation and analysis, they reveal the significant impact of transient hardware faults on safety-critical applications, surpassing the influence of intrinsic algorithmic inaccuracies. Their findings underscore the importance of prioritized protection for specific regions within DNNs to enhance reliability in safety-critical contexts. The second paper, ‘Delta4Ms: Improving mutation-based fault localization by eliminating mutant bias’ authored by Hengyuan Liu, Zheng Li, Baolong Han, Yangtao Liu, Xiang Chen, and Yong Liu, addresses the challenges of fault localization in software debugging. While mutation-based fault localization (MBFL) has emerged as a promising technique, it suffers from inherent biases, hindering its accuracy. The authors present Delta4Ms, a novel approach that tackles mutant bias by integrating original principles inspired from signal theory. By distinguishing between desired and false signal components, Delta4Ms effectively mitigates mutant bias, leading to more accurate fault localization. Through comprehensive evaluations on real-fault programmes, Delta4Ms demonstrates increased performance compared to existing techniques, showcasing significant improvements in fault localization effectiveness while minimizing computational costs. In conclusion, these two papers provide valuable insights into ensuring software reliability and resilience in two different contexts. As demonstrated by these works, it is of high interest for STVR to further explore and use fault injection techniques, at software and hardware levels including machine-learning models, to strengthen and validate software reliability and fault tolerance techniques."},{"kind":"article","title":"Morpho-biochemical Characterization of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.)","authors":"A. Gopala Krishna Reddy, T. V. Prasad, Kripa Shankar, Ms. Pushpanjali, N. Jyothilakshmi, K. Salini, R. Ramesh Babu, Vinod Kumar Singh","year":2024,"doi":"10.18805/lr-5274","url":"https://openalex.org/W4398241746","oa_url":"https://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/OnlinePublish/Final-article-attachemnt-with-doi-LR-5274-6089603e9087340b9bdcbbb1.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Legume Research - An International Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Background: The research was conducted at the ICAR-CRIDA Hayatnagar Research Farm in Hyderabad, India. The plant material consists of tamarind trees planted in 1998 with 5m spacing to improve the morphological and reproductive characteristics of elite genotypes as well as quality and biochemical characters among the twenty tamarind accessions maintained at the research farm. The experiment was started in 1998 and observations were taken over the fruiting season of 2021-2022 with twenty tamarind accessions; the experiments were established in a randomized block design. The trees were identified for their consistent health and development. Methods: Biometric observations mainly average number of flowers per inflorescence, average number of inflorescence per branch, average number of branches per tree, average fruit weight (g), average yield per plant (kg), fruit, pulp, seed weights as well as shell, fiber, fruit, number of normal seeds per pod as well as damaged number of seeds per pod, Carbohydrates g/ 100 g, Polyphenols g/100 g, Anthocyanin mg/100 g, % Antioxidant activity and % Tartaric acid were recorded and analyzed statistically. Result: Significant differences among the tamarind accessions evaluated, NZB(S), Hasanur #5, Salem 132, NTI-14 and SMG-3 recorded the highest values in all the growth, pod and yield characters. NZB(S) recorded the highest number of flowers per inflorescence (14.62) while Hasanur # 5 recorded the highest number of inflorescence per branch (13.87). In yield attributes, NZB(S) recorded the highest average yield per plant (kg) (15.72) followed by Hasanur #5 (15.09), Salem 132 (14.81) and NTI-14 (14.65). The results revealed that NZB(S) showed the highest mean performance in terms of growth, yield and quality characters. The best performing accessions are being multiplied through vegetative propagation methods for planting on large scale in different locations."},{"kind":"article","title":"Optimizing Growth and Yield of Cotton: Exploring Pruning and Drip Fertigation Techniques on ELS Cotton CO14","authors":"N. Vijayaragavan, K. Vaiyapuri, N. Thavaprakash, A. Kamalakannan, V. Balasubramani","year":2024,"doi":"10.18805/ag.d-6131","url":"https://openalex.org/W4402810448","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-6131","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Background: Cotton, a perennial crop, can greatly benefit from pruning, which assists in rejuvenating aged plants and enhancing yields comparable to those of the primary crop. However, research on pruning (ratooning) cotton remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of pruning and drip fertigation on yield and yield characteristics of ELS cotton CO14. Methods: The study was conducted in a farmer's field in Nallur village, Bhavanisagar block, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India, using a split-plot design replicated thrice. Main plots received fertigation treatments (M1-75% NPK, M2-100% NPK, M3-125% NPK, M4-STCR), while subplots were designated for different pruning techniques (S1-15 cm, S2-30 cm, S3-45 cm). Result: Findings showed that drip fertigation with M3-125% NPK resulted in highest plant height (109.35 and 113.06), LAI (4.06 and 4.02), higher counts of sympodial branches plant-1 (19.73 and14.46), squares plant-1 (128.00 and108.27), bolls plant-1 (59.44 and 45.98), boll setting percentage (46.66 and 42.51), yield (28.56 and 19.34 q/ha) and HI (0.46 and 0.43) in main crop and pruned crop. Concerning pruning techniques, cotton pruned at S3-45 cm height exhibited significantly greater counts of sympodial branches plant-1 (13.76), squares plant-1 (103.44), flowers plant-1 (16.66), bolls plant-1 (36.88), boll setting percentage (35.35), yield (16.87 q/ha) and HI (0.40). Interaction analysis between main and subplot treatments revealed that 125% fertigation with 45 cm pruning height led to significantly higher counts of sympodial branches plant-1 (15.60) and flowers plant-1 (18.58). Thus, it is recommended to implement fertigation at 125% NPK+pruning at a 45 cm cut height to attain superior yields and yield characteristics."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Irrigation Methods and Fertilizer Application on Growth and Yield Parameters, Yield, Economics and Water Use Efficiency in Groundnut","authors":"S. Thenmozhi, M. Manikandan, S. Natarajan, K Jothilakshmi, J. Bhuvaneswari","year":2024,"doi":"10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i48980","url":"https://openalex.org/W4405165919","oa_url":"https://ikprress.org/index.php/AJOCR/article/download/8980/8721","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Asian Journal of Current Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present investigation was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Erode district of Tamil Nadu to study the effect of irrigation methods and fertilizer application effects on growth and yield parameters, yield, economics and water use efficiency in groundnut. The various irrigation methods followed were I1 – Drip irrigation, I2 – Drip fertigation, I3 – Sub surface drip irrigation, I4 – Sub surface drip fertigation, I5 – Sprinkler irrigation and I6 – Conventional method of irrigation as main plot treatments and the various methods of application of fertilizers were S1 – Absolute control (No fertilizer), S2 – Recommended dose of NPK fertilizers through normal fertilizers / Recommended dose of NPK fertilizers through water soluble fertilizers (According to the irrigation treatment) and S3 - S2 + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 imposed as subplot treatments, and the treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design in a plot size of 15 M2. Application of recommended dose of fertilizers (25: 50: 75 kg NPK ha-1)along with vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 with sub surface drip fertigation recorded highest growth [plant height (49.3 cm); number of branches (7.1) and number of leaves (69.2)] and yield attributes [number of pods per plant (38.2)], yield [pod yield (3271 kg ha-1)] high Benefit Cost Ratio (3.03) and water use efficiency (15.16 kg ha-1. mm) as compared to the other treatments in groundnut (var. VRI 3)."},{"kind":"article","title":"Crop geometry and dripper spacing in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) raised with single bud transplants","authors":"K Ramah, T. Selvakumar, R. Chitra, M P Kavitha, S Subbulakshmi","year":2024,"doi":"10.14719/pst.4640","url":"https://openalex.org/W4405878537","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/4640/5015","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Plant Science Today","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of dripper spacing and plant spacing on growth, yield and WUE of turmeric (Curcuma longa) raised with rhizome bud seedling at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar, Erode Dt., Tamil Nadu, India. The treatment structure includes two dripper spacing viz., 60 cm and 40 cm with combination of four plant spacing viz., 30 cm x 15 cm, 30 cm x 20 cm, 30 cm x 25 cm and 45 cm x 15 cm and with conventional (furrow / surface) irrigation method as control. The trials were laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The irrigation is being applied once in three days through drip at 80 per cent PE which is common for all the treatments except the conventional method. The fertigation is being given once in ten days by following the fertigation schedule of turmeric. The results revealed that drip irrigation at 80 per cent Pan Evaporation (PE) with 60 cm dripper spacing and crop spacing of 30 cm x 20 cm recorded higher rhizome yield as well as high income and B:C ratio. Significantly lowest yield was observed in the control treatment (conventional method). Turmeric cultivated under drip irrigation system resulted in saving of 48 per cent of water when compared to conventional method with a WUE ranging from 19.4 to 26.5 kg ha-1mm-1"},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on the effect of surface and subsurface methods of irrigation and method of fertilizer application on growth and yield parameters, yield, economics and water use efficiency in sugarcane","authors":"S. Thenmozhi, M. Manikandan, Bhuvaneswari, SK Natarajan","year":2024,"doi":"10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i12sc.2127","url":"https://openalex.org/W4405243510","oa_url":"https://www.agronomyjournals.com/article/view/2127/S-7-11-61","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Research in Agronomy","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of surface and subsurface methods of irrigation and the method of fertilizer application on movement of nutrients in sugarcane, at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design in a plot size of 45 m2 with 2 main plot treatments viz; M1 - Drip irrigation at 80% PE once in two days with 1.5 m lateral and M2 - Subsurface irrigation at 100% PE and 5 subplot treatments, ie., S1 - Absolute control, S2 - Manual - Band application of N, P and K fertilizers, S3 - Manual - Hole placement application of N, P and K fertilizers, S4 - Application of N and K through irrigation water and P as basal and S5 - Application of nutrients through water soluble fertilizers (N, P and K) and replicated thrice. The result of the experiment revealed that subsurface irrigation at 100% PE with manual - hole placement application of N, P and K fertilizers) is superior in enhancing the growth and yield attributes and yield of sugarcane when compared to other treatment combinations."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Mid-Season Drainage, Sulphate Addition and Blue Green Algae on the Yield, Methane Emission and Carbon Flux from Rice Fields","authors":"S. Natarajan, Jeena Mary, Kandasamy Senthilraja, K.S. Usharani, V. Geethalakshmi, J. Bhuvaneswari","year":2024,"doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i94434","url":"https://openalex.org/W4402272789","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i94434","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The current study was undertaken with the objective of estimating methane emission and carbon flux with modified management practices (mid season drainage, zero tillage and sulphate application) using DNDC model and calibration and validation of the model at field scale. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), two greenhouse gases (GHG) linked to agricultural activities are key contributors to climate change caused by human activity. Crop management techniques such stubble manuring, puddling, sowing or transplanting, water management, and harvesting have a significant impact on the carbon exchange between rice fields and the atmosphere. Mid-season irrigation water pond draining stops the ongoing submergence. The research studies reported that mid-season drainage reduced CH4 emissions. Hence an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar with an objective of identification of management practices which emits low level of methane gas from rice ecosystem using rice variety CO 50 as test crop and modified management practices and sulphate application as treatments. Biometric observations were recorded and methane emission was quantified at 15 days interval from transplanting to harvest. Ten clumps of rice plants were sampled and Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) was recorded at 15 days interval. The DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model was run for the treatment conditions. The field observations revealed that methane emission was low (41%) in the treatment of mid-season drainage when compared to control. The combination of mid-season drainage as well as Blue Green Algae (BGA) + Methylotroph along with Recommended Dose of NPK (T7) application reduced the methane emission up to 48 per cent compared to control. The results generated from the DNDC model also revealed the similar results. The DNDC model captures the major impacts of water and N on GHG emissions from paddy cultivation. The analysis suggested that the model can be applied for studying the GHG related issues in rice cropping systems."},{"kind":"article","title":"Molecular characterization of Begomovirus and Beta satellite virus associated with leaf curl disease of Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in southern parts of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Nataraj Rajinimala, Jisha Kumaran, K Elanchezhyan, E. Santhoshinii, M. Theradimani, M. I. Manivannan, J Sheela","year":2024,"doi":"10.14719/pst.4712","url":"https://openalex.org/W4403597492","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/4712/4163","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Plant Science Today","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Chilli is one of the widely cultivated commercial vegetable crops in India. Chilli leaf curl is the most devasting disease and causes a yield loss of 100 per cent in Chilli. Fourteen begomovirus species cause chilli leaf curl disease (ChiLCD). An extensive survey was carried out in 2023 to determine the prevalence of the leaf curl disease of Chilli caused by begomovirus in major chilli-growing areas of the Southern Districts of Tamil Nadu. During the survey, 21 isolates of begomovirus infecting Chilli were collected. Among the 21 isolates, the isolate collected from Kalakudi village (BV-KI) exhibited severe symptoms.DNA extracted from 21 isolates of begomovirus were subjected to PCR by using Rojas universal primers, Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) Coat protein primers and beta satellite virus primers and obtained 1380 bp, 1100 bp and 1400 bp amplicons of top and coat protein region of DNA-A of begomovirus, Chilli leaf curl virus coat protein region and beta satellite virus associated with ChiLCV respectively. The 1380 bp, 1100 bp and 1400 bp amplicons obtained from the BV-KI isolate were sequenced and submitted to the NCBI. The sequences were blast analyzed, and it showed that the nucleotide sequence of the top and coat protein region of DNA-A of begomovirus and CP gene of ChiLCV BV-KI isolate was found to have 90.61 and 99.78% similarity with Bhavanisagar (NC 055130.1) isolate respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the beta satellite virus of BV-KI isolate was found to have 99.93% similarity with the Chilli leaf curl beta satellite virus Meerut (MH355642.1) isolate."},{"kind":"article","title":"Drone-assisted herbicide optimization for energy efficiency, weed control and economics in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)","authors":"Narayanaswamy Jeevan, S Pazhanivelan, R. Kumaraperumal, A. P. Sivamurugan, Kancheti Mrunalini","year":2024,"doi":"10.56093/ijas.v94i11.150525","url":"https://openalex.org/W4404339840","oa_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/download/150525/57131","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The experiment was conducted during summer and rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at Agricultural Research Station (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu), Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the efficiency, economics and energetics of drone-based herbicide spray (fluid) application in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). During the experiment the application of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides was done using drone and knapsack sprayer to assess the weed control efficiency (WCE). Treatments included 3 herbicide combinations, viz. pyrazosulfuron ethyl as pre-emergence (PE); pyrazosulfuron ethyl as pre-emergence (PE) fb bispyribac sodium as PoE; and pyrazosulfuron ethyl as PE fb metsulfuron methyl + chlorimuron ethyl as PoE; and 4 spray fluids applied using drone and knapsack sprayer (25, 37.5, 75 and 500 litre/ha). Weed free and unweeded check plot were used as reference for calculating WCE. Application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl fb bispyribac sodium using knapsack sprayer reduced weed density from 77.74–86.45% and weed dry weight from 89.60–91.40% over unweeded plot. Moreover, it was found on par with drone application of 37.5 litre/ha using herbicides during both the seasons. Interaction effect between herbicides and drone spray fluids was found to be non-significant. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl fb bispyribac sodium application through knapsack sprayer (500 litre/ha) and drone (37.5 litre/ha) produced higher grain yield and straw yield. Higher net return, benefit: cost ratio (2.49 and 2.40), energy-use efficiency (13.44 and 13.40 MJ) and energy productivity (0.414 and 0.416 kg/MJ) were noticed with drone application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl fb bispyribac sodium using 37.5 litre/ha spray fluid in both the seasons. From the experiment, drone application of pyrazosulfuron ethyl fb bispyribac sodium with spray volume of 37.5 litre/ha was found as an effective strategy to manage weeds in transplanted rice and more advantageous in terms of energy-use efficiency and profitability."},{"kind":"article","title":"Spray volume optimization with UAV-based herbicide application for effective droplet deposition and weed control in direct-seeded rice","authors":"Rita Paul, Murali Arthanari Palanisamy, Panneerselvam Peramaiyan, Virender Kumar, Muthukumar Bagavathiannan, Bholuram Gurjar, S Vijayakumar, M. Djanaguiraman","year":2024,"doi":"10.3389/fagro.2024.1491842","url":"https://openalex.org/W4404620753","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/agronomy/articles/10.3389/fagro.2024.1491842/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Frontiers in Agronomy","citations":26,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent a cutting-edge technology that holds the promise of revolutionizing the conventional tasks carried out in the realm of agriculture. On a global scale, UAVs are gaining prominence for pesticide applications, particularly with a focus on utilizing low spray volumes. Nevertheless, there remains a notable gap in research concerning the impacts of employing low spray volumes on herbicide efficacy. Hence, multi-location field studies were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar and Wetland Station, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India in 2022 to evaluate the impact of different spray volumes using UAV and Knapsack Manual Sprayer (KMS) on droplet deposition, droplet density, and weed control efficacy. The treatments included UAV sprays at 30 and 45 L ha -1 , as well as KMS at 500 L ha -1 , with a weedy check as a control. Bispyribac-sodium 10% SC was applied at a rate of 35 g a.i ha -1 during the 2-to 3-leaf stage of the crops. The results revealed that droplet deposition, area coverage, and volume median diameter were affected by sprayer type (UAV and KMS). However, the two spray volumes tested using the UAV method provided similar droplet parameters. The KMS system at 500 L ha -1 exhibited the highest droplet deposition, while the UAV system achieved better droplet distribution at a spray volume of 30 L ha -1 . Remarkably, the UAV system at 30 L ha -1 demonstrated effective weed control, which was statistically comparable to the KMS system at 500 L ha -1 . These findings emphasize that the UAV spraying system with a spray volume of 30 L ha -1 , delivering effective weed control while utilizing less carrier volume compared to the manual knapsack spraying method. Thus, the UAV spray system has great potential as a viable alternative to manual knapsack spraying for herbicide application in direct-seeded rice."},{"kind":"article","title":"On a New Record of Tor remadevii, Kurup &amp; Radhakrishnan, 2011, from the Bhavanisagar Reservoir, Tamil Nadu, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)","authors":"Swatismita Priyadarsini, Natarajan Jayakumar, J. Stephen Sampath Kumar, Samraj Aanand, P. Pavinkumar, Christy Inbaraj Lloyd Chrispin","year":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s40009-024-01562-6","url":"https://openalex.org/W4404465520","oa_url":null,"licence":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"National Academy Science Letters","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Wildlife-vehicular traffic collisions in the Ooty–Masinagudi–Moyar roads at Western Ghats Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Southern India","authors":"Kannadasan Narasimmarajan, Ganesan Prabu","year":2024,"doi":"10.3126/njz.v8i2.74921","url":"https://openalex.org/W4407082145","oa_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/njz/article/download/74921/57444","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Nepalese Journal of Zoology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In a world increasingly fragmented by human infrastructure, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the drivers of collisions between wildlife and motor vehicles. We studied wildlife-vehicle traffic collisions in the Ooty—Masinagudi—Moyar roads at Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India, and recorded 111 road kills between January and June 2024, that affected 29 species of invertebrates, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Birds were the most susceptible taxa (41.6%), followed by reptiles (24.9%), mammals (23.1%) including a golden jackal (Canis aureus), two spotted deer (Axix axis), two tufted grey langur (Semnopithecus priam), and invertebrates (9.5%) (ANOVA: F=0.057, df=5.965, p=0.819). The encounter rate of elephants was 1.4/km between the Sigur-Masinagudi road and 1.1/km between the Masinagudi-Moyar road and all opportunistic direct sightings were positively correlated with speed bumps in place (F=8.464, d.f. =2.545, p=0.074). The study found that birds and reptiles were slow to react to quick vehicle movements, and hypothetically drivers' inexperience in forest roads likely led to higher mortality among these species. The Masinagudi-Moyar road experienced higher collisions due to tourist safari vehicles, drivers’ over-exhilaration, and wild animal feeding. To reduce wildlife road kills, we suggest regulating vehicle movements, implementing strict speed limits, controlling feeding, heightening speed bumps, and installing warning signboards along the roadside —this will help maintain a safer environment for wildlife movements."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diet of smooth-coated otter Lutrogale perspicillata (Geoffroy, 1826) in the Moyar River, Western Ghats, South India","authors":"Kannadasan Narasimmarajan, Manu Thomas Mathai, Matt W. Hayward, Sonaimuthu Palanivel","year":2024,"doi":"10.20935/acadbiol6223","url":"https://openalex.org/W4400001954","oa_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116373248/download_file?s=sap","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Academia Biology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Otters are constrained to aquatic ecosystems where they often perform the role of “apex” predators. Effective conservation of otters requires sufficient knowledge of their dietary resources. Our aim was to determine the diet of smooth-coated otter in the Moyar River, Western Ghats, to ensure they have sufficient nutritional resources for their conservation. Ninety spraints were examined, from which we identified sixteen fish species (six families), three crabs, one mollusc, and some insects. Cyprinidae family occurred more frequently in otter diet in the post-monsoon, winter, and summer seasons, while Cichlidae were eaten mainly in the summer (analysis of variance; F = 2.442; d.f. = 1; P = 0.2161). Smooth-coated otters specialized on fishes (98.39%), while crabs and molluscs comprised 1.39% of their diet (χ2= 28.809; d.f. = 9, P = 0.001). Fishes that were eaten were between 5 cm and 41 cm in length with Hypselobarbus micropogon, Labeo pangusia, and Hypselobarbus dubius the largest (15–41 cm), while Pethia conchonius and Cirrhinus reba were the smallest (4–8 cm). The feeding pattern of otters in the Moyar River was similar throughout the year (χ2 = 1.856; d.f. = 4, P = 0.3474). We conclude that the smooth-coated otters in the Moyar River are primarily piscivores. However, season-wise fish surveys occasionally revealed low fish diversity, and otter diet and feeding patterns did not alter significantly between seasons. It highlights the potential need for distinct conservation management aims for the fragile Moyar River habitats of the Western Ghats—a global biodiversity hotspot."},{"kind":"article","title":"Monitoring observations of the southernmost breeding population of Long-billed Vultures Gyps indicus (Scopoli, 1786) (Aves: Acciptriformes: Accipitridae) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"S. Manigandan, H. Byju, P. Kannan","year":2024,"doi":"10.11609/jott.8700.16.2.24730-24736","url":"https://openalex.org/W4392168303","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/8700/9707","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Long-billed Vulture (LBV) population was systematically monitored across four nesting colonies in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) throughout three extended breeding seasons. Breeding success rates between years ranged from 83.33% in 2018–2019 and 62.5% in 2020–2021. Nesting was monitored at the cliff sites, consistent with prior research. Overall population fluctuations were minimal, varying between 21 individuals in 2020–2021, 17 individuals in 2018–2019, and 16 individuals in 2019–2020. There was an apparent impact of forest fires and other human disturbance activities, and certain proactive conservation measures are proposed to help address these. There was indirect evidence of other threats including poison baits targeting wild carnivores and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) being widely available for use in domestic livestock. The study endorses the approach of establishing vulture-safe zones, which focus on addressing the local threats. This includes raising awareness about wildfire management, controlling toxic NSAIDs availability that are harmful to vultures, discouraging the illegal use of poison-baits, and highlighting the necessity of monitoring threats posed by power infrastructure. Due to the high mobility of LBVs, all these threats need addressing through large-scale vulture safe zone work (up to 100 km radius) surrounding the breeding colonies to secure the LBV’s long-term survival. These conservation actions are urgently needed."},{"kind":"article","title":"Population, nesting characteristics, and breeding ecology of the critically endangered Gyps indicus in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, South India","authors":"Bombay Natural History Society, Arockianathan Samson, Jabamalainathan Leona Princy, B. Ramakrishnan","year":2024,"doi":"10.24189/ncr.2024.027","url":"https://openalex.org/W4404081200","oa_url":"https://ncr-journal.bear-land.org/uploads/031091d8419969a3649ac6a2ffd3871f.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Nature Conservation Research","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The species extinction rate has recently accelerated worldwide and is a thousand times higher than through natural processes alone. Small, isolated populations are especially vulnerable to extinction due to deterministic and stochastic threats. Hence, the conservation of such populations is challenging. The present study from 2015 to 2021 aimed to understand the population, nesting characteristics, and breeding ecology of the country’s southernmost population of Gyps indicus in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, South India. The population estimation was performed on the roosting and nesting sites of Gyps indicus in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. To study the nesting characteristics and breeding ecology, each nesting colony was systematically visited four times per month during the breeding season (October to May). Assessments of threats were estimated during the field visits. In 2015–2021, four breeding sites were identified. Two nesting sites were identified in 2016 and two more in 2017 and 2020. The mean altitude of the nesting sites was 1122.25 ± 170.06 m a.s.l., ranging from 821 m a.s.l. to 1600 m a.s.l. In the Protected Area, two nests were located on east-facing exposure, one nest on southeast-facing exposure, and one nest on south-facing exposure. In terms of population composition, the mean number of adult individuals steadily increased from 9.5 ± 0.46 in 2016 to 14.08 ± 0.67 in 2021. Consequently, the mean total number of individuals per colony increased from 13.66 ± 0.56 in 2016 to 27.83 ± 0.62 in 2021. A total of 40 (in average, 6.66 ± 0.49 pairs/year) territorial pairs with occupied nests were observed in 2015–2021. Of them, 31 (in average, 5.16 ± 0.30 pairs/year) breeding pairs had laid eggs. Successful incubation was recorded, and the mean incubation period was 63.64 ± 1.74 days. Out of 31 incubated nests, 23 fledglings (3.83 ± 0.47 individuals/year) successfully came out with 74% breeding success. The entire nesting period was 128.43 ± 1.16 days. In total, out of 17 failed breeding attempts nine (53%) were detected before egg laying, and eight (47%) were found during incubation. There were no significant differences between nests abandoned before and after egg laying (t = 0.4152, p &gt; 0.05). During the breeding seasons of 2015–2017, a human-made forest fire posed a serious threat to nesting colonies of Gyps indicus, resulting in no observed nesting. A species-specific conservation-oriented action programme is necessary to secure this last southernmost wild viable Gyps indicus population in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. At this juncture, we highly recommend declaring the buffer zone of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve as a «Vulture Sanctuary» to provide a legal protection of the Gyps indicus population living in the studied area."},{"kind":"article","title":"The post-feeding activity of an Indian Rock Python, &lt;i&gt;Python molurus&lt;/i&gt; (Linnaeus 1758), in the Moyar River Valley, southern India","authors":"Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Chinnasamy Ramesh, Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Ashokan Krishnamorthy, Abhijit Das, Gautam Talukdar","year":2024,"doi":"10.17161/randa.v31i1.20100","url":"https://openalex.org/W4396900417","oa_url":"https://journals.ku.edu/reptilesandamphibians/article/download/20100/20236","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Reptiles & Amphibians","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Harmonizing ecology and society: an integrated analysis of vulture conservation in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"S. Manigandan, H. Byju, P. Kannan","year":2024,"doi":"10.11609/jott.8915.16.6.25330-25344","url":"https://openalex.org/W4400043676","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/8915/9879","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in southern India is home to several critically endangered vulture species. This study in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve of NBR presents an integrated analysis of vulture conservation efforts focusing on harmonizing ecosystem preservation and community engagement. We assessed the current status of all four vulture species in the NBR using the road transect method, covering 2,040 km with 24 replications (January–December 2021). We undertook covert surveys in 82 veterinary pharmacies across four districts of Tamil Nadu to determine the availability of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), considering the 100-km vulture safe zone that included vulture nesting and foraging areas. As practical conservation efforts require active local community participation, our assessments include the perception study of local communities in 20 villages (eight tribal and 12 non-tribal) near vulture habitats. We focused on NSAID usage, considering the impact of numerous socio-economic factors on vulture conservation efforts. We surveyed 540 respondents using detailed questionnaires for these evaluations. The study underlined the need for a comprehensive vulture management plan that balances ecological concerns with the well-being and means of subsistence of surrounding communities. This study is helpful for future conservation efforts in other areas with comparable problems at the nexus of ecology and society."},{"kind":"article","title":"Socio-ecological surveys of Apis dorsata in the mountains of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Shiny Mariam Rehel, Mahadesha Basavegowda, Justinraj Thankiyan, Pratim Roy","year":2024,"doi":"10.3389/frbee.2024.1385640","url":"https://openalex.org/W4405338835","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bee-science/articles/10.3389/frbee.2024.1385640/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Frontiers in Bee Science","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This paper provides insights into the ecology and conservation of Apis dorsata (Giant Honey Bee) which are integral to the ecology and livelihoods of those living in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR). Rather than directly comparing nest densities across regions and seasons, our study integrates scientific approaches with Indigenous knowledge to examine changes in nest locations, nesting behaviors, and seasonal patterns across three decades. Social surveys indicate that there has been a decline in wild colony populations over the past 10–20 years. This underscores the critical role of sacred sites and protected areas in conserving Apis dorsata populations. This research aims to inform future conservation strategies and policy frameworks, highlighting the value of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding and preserving wild bee species."},{"kind":"article","title":"Archetypal representations of dilemmas concerning invasive alien species management—A case of invasive <scp> <i>Lantana camara</i> </scp> in the protected areas of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Thangatur Sukumar Hariharan, Lakshmanasamudram Sriramamurthi Ganesh, V. Vijayalakshmi, Piyush Sharma, Vidyasagar Potdar","year":2024,"doi":"10.1002/sres.2999","url":"https://openalex.org/W4392788213","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/sres.2999","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract This multi‐site case study on the invasive alien plant Lantana camara in protected areas of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, addresses the reasons for inadequate institutional responses from stakeholders in managing the species despite the seriousness. The study uses thematic analysis and qualitative systems approach. The themes are converted into a qualitative‐system‐dynamics model and are then abstracted into system archetypes. The study identified three major themes: the dilemma involving stakeholders, the dilemma of alternative and commercial use of Lantana , and the Lantana management conundrum. The study translated these dilemmas into four generalisable archetypes: ‘drifting goals’, ‘modified‐shifting‐the‐burden’, ‘fixes‐that‐fail’ and ‘substitution rebound’. The latest is a novel contribution to the systems literature. Practically, the study helps understand the recurring undesired behavioural patterns in invasive species management and suggests policy and governance changes to tackle them. The study also points towards building stakeholder relationship protocols, focussing on fundamental solutions and having clear Lantana management targets."},{"kind":"article","title":"Design and field installation of automated electronic Asian Elephant signage for human safety","authors":"Sanjoy Deb, Ramkumar Ravindran, Saravana Kumar Radhakrishnan","year":2024,"doi":"10.11609/jott.8873.16.6.25482-25485","url":"https://openalex.org/W4400060383","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/8873/9864","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Human-elephant interactions results in numerous deaths and injuries, often due to accidental encounters at elephant crossing points at night. Addressing this, the proposed electronic elephant signage (EES), a solar-powered device, marks crossing points with a glowing elephant-shaped light. Successfully tested in the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, it activates at dusk, blinking throughout the night, effectively reducing surprise encounters and promoting safer coexistence."},{"kind":"article","title":"Homing of translocated native Indian pythons in Moyar River Valley, South India","authors":"C. S. Vishnu, Chinnasamy Ramesh, Shannon E. Pittman, Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Gautam Talukdar, Krishnamurthy Ashokan, P.G. Arunlal, Veerabadran Naganathan","year":2024,"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33010","url":"https://openalex.org/W4400080495","oa_url":"http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844024090418/pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Heliyon","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Homing is often a critical aspect of an animal's behavioural and spatial ecology. Translocation is considered to be a wildlife management strategy that could reduce human-wildlife confrontation, but this strategy may not be effective if animals attempt to home to their original capture location. Translocation of animals from sites where possible human-wildlife interaction occurs is a widespread but controversial intervention to resolve conflicts. In India, snakes are often the subject of such translocations, but there is a paucity of information on the behaviour of translocated snakes compared to resident snakes. The Indian python ( Python molurus ), one of the largest carnivores in the Indian subcontinent, is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN. We conducted a two-year radio-tracking study (December 2018 to December 2020) on the movements of 14 adult Indian pythons in the Moyar River Valley, within the Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves. Eleven of the 14 pythons were translocated 0.28–55.7 kms from their capture locations, while 3 pythons were not translocated: 6 were translocated short distances (<5 km from capture; range 0.28–4.67 kms), 2 were translocated to medium distances (9–11 kms from capture location), and 3 were translocated to long distances (21–55.7 kms from capture location). Four of the six snakes translocated short distances all returned to within 500 m of their original capture locations, and all 6 returned over 60 % of the translocated distance to the initial capture location. Of the two snakes translocated medium distances, both returned to within 1.1 km of the capture location (∼90 % of the distance home). None of the three snakes that were translocated long distances successfully returned to their capture locations. Translocated pythons exhibited greater net movement distances than resident snakes within the first 2 months of release. Based on these results, long-distance translocation may be an effective strategy to minimize human-python conflict, while short or medium distance translocation is unlikely to be successful. However, more research is needed about the long-term survival of translocated snakes as well as soft-release methodologies that could prevent aberrant movement behaviour directly following release."},{"kind":"article","title":"Monitoring and Assessment of Carbon stock through Geospatial Technique in Sathyamangalam Forest, Erode district, Tamilnadu","authors":"N Giridharan, R. Sivakumar","year":2024,"doi":"10.1109/ingarss61818.2024.10984413","url":"https://openalex.org/W4410229559","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Forest plays a major role in the global carbon balance as both carbon sources and sinks. When considering the greenhouse effect and mitigating climate change, India’s top priority for the twenty-first century will likely be managing carbon in the forests. In recent years, Geospatial Technology is employed to monitor and assess the carbon stock in the forest area. It makes very convenient and reduces the cost of estimating carbon storage in forest areas through highresolution satellite imagery. The present study was analyzed through Non-destructive method i.e. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is considered a dependent variable and the rest of the indices FPAR, APAR and NPP values are considered independent variables to determine the carbon stock. The results state that the changes in carbon stock with 194.11t/ha (2016) and 144.94 t/ha (2024) are based on climatic actions. The outcome indicates that future development of forest requires continuous monitoring and assessment."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethnomedicinal survey on plants used by tribes in Gunri panchayat of Sathyamangalam Taluk, Erode District, Tamil Nadu in India- Part II","authors":"P. Kemila, C. Krishnaveni","year":2024,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps2000-2024-l9u93n","url":"https://openalex.org/W4399504095","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Non Timber Forest Products","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present communication is in continuation with the earlier published paper (Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 30(2): 92-101, 2023), where the results of ethnobotanical survey of 9 villages of Gunri Panchayat of Sathyamangalam Taluk, Erode District were presented."},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimation and Monitoring on Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) Changes in Sathyamangalam Reserve Forest","authors":"N. Giridharan, R. Sivakumar","year":2024,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-99-6229-7_18","url":"https://openalex.org/W4391341035","oa_url":null,"licence":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimation of forest canopy density through Geospatial Technology—a case study on Sathyamangalam Forest, Erode District, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Giridharan Namasivayam, R. Sivakumar","year":2024,"doi":"10.1007/s10661-024-12356-0","url":"https://openalex.org/W4391276707","oa_url":null,"licence":"https://www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Vulture conservation in the Mudumalai–Sathyamangalam region, NBR","authors":"Manigandan Selvaraj · Rufford Foundation","year":2024,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.rufford.org/projects/manigandan-selvaraj/vulture-conservation-mudumalai-sathyamangalam-region-nilgiri-biosphere-reserve-india/","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of Irrigation Systems for Cost Reduction in Wide Spaced Sugarcane","authors":"M. Vijayakumar; G. Thiyagarajan; M. Mohamed Yassin; V. K. Duraisamy; P. K. Selvaraj","year":2023,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/685178727.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/685178727.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the irrigation systems for cost reduction in wide spaced sugarcane during 2000-2004. The results revealed that, drip irrigation at 60% PE with one lateral row-1 significantly recorded higher sugarcane yield of 164.8 t ha-1 with enhanced water use efficiency of 166.1 kg ha-1 mm-1 and highest net returns of ` 83,650 ha-1. Among the surface irrigation treatments, irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio recorded the maximum yield of 140.1 t ha-1 with a WUE of 90.7 kg ha-1 mm-1.     "},{"kind":"reference","title":"Bhavanisagar Constituency, College of Agriculture","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":2023,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-16-2023-5-68-1-QH3_2023-04-19","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Diversity and distribution of Pteridophytes in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve, Karnataka","authors":"Bagathsingh C.; Benniamin A.","year":2023,"doi":"10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/172654","url":"https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/172654","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/172654","licence":null,"full_text_ok":1,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"An updated list of the pteridophytes known to occur in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve has been presented. It comprises two classes, 24 families, 49 genera, and 102 species, including 11 subspecies. Four families were identified as monotypic. Among the 102 species collected, six were endemic to south India, 10 were confined to south India and Sri Lanka, and eight were in the threatened category. We make available baseline biodiversity information on the pteridophytes of the study area and provide details on taxonomic diversity and distribution along the elevation gradient. The relationship between elevation and species richness in the study area showed a unimodal pattern. Color photographs of species from each family are also provided. The presence of many threatened and endemic species in the area implies that a high priority should be given to protecting and conserving these species of pteridophytes in the BRT Tiger Reserve."},{"kind":"article","title":"Lessons in Experiential Learning from a Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Pratim Roy, Anita Varghese, Bhavya George, Madeleine Gefke","year":2023,"doi":"10.24943/tesf2107.2024","url":"https://openalex.org/W4400244956","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Learning from the field is at the core of the approach that Keystone Foundation, a non-governmental organisation (NGO) based in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India has been engaged in since its inception in 1993. As a group for eco-development initiatives, we engage with children and the youth from local to global, and formal and non-formal institutions. Through this report, we used the opportunity to reflect on our experiments with field learning and alternative pedagogies that are currently ongoing through the Nilgiri Field Learning Centre (a collaboration between Keystone Foundation and Cornell University) and the Climate Smart School initiative, which has been implemented in 15 schools (both private and government run). We seek to: a) explore the knowledge produced and the pedagogical approaches that have been enabled; b) examine the impact of field learning in terms of capacity; and c) reflect on our efforts at mainstreaming these pedagogies through government schools. Additionally, we collaborated with alumni from the field learning programmes to conduct a survey to assess the status of education among children belonging to indigenous communities in the Nilgiris."},{"kind":"article","title":"Analysis of grass diversity of Nilgiri Bisophere Reserve, India, with special emphasis to the endemic species","authors":"V. Anusuba, M. Murugesan, S. Nagaraju, J. Swamy, R. Tharani, B. Karthik","year":2023,"doi":"10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/172942","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388460406","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/172942","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Nelumbo","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The grass diversity of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) has been analysed for their distribution, endemism, threat assessment and conservation perspective. Ouf of 412 grass taxa found in NBR, straggering 92 are endemic in India (22.33%) including 14 species strictly endemic to the NBR."},{"kind":"article","title":"Notes on the identity and taxonomic status of steno endemic &lt;i&gt;Senecio lawsonii&lt;/i&gt; Gamble and &lt;i&gt;Senecio lessingianus&lt;/i&gt; Gamble and Senecio lessingianus C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae) from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"M. Premkumar, M. Murugesan, B. Karthik, R. Manikandan","year":2023,"doi":"10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/169284","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388467543","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v65/2023/169284","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Nelumbo","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present article deals with the taxonomic status and the identity of steno endemic Senecio lawsonii Gamble and Senecio lessingianus C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae). Senecio lessingianus is reinstated here as a separate species. An updated nomenclatural citation, a detailed description, SEM images of pollen grains, phenology and notes on actual range distribution, conservation status and colour photo plates of the species are provided here to facilitate easy identification."},{"kind":"article","title":"Plant Biodiversity of the Silent Valley, Core Zone of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, Kerala","authors":"R. Balaji, M.V. Anju, R. Prasanna, R. Kuralarasan, S. Arun Kumar, C. Kunhikannan","year":2023,"doi":"10.1201/9781003408758-11","url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003408758-11","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Biodiversity Hotspot of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Socio-economic Conditions of Push Cart Vendors in Erode District of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Dr.N.KRISHNAN -, Dr.M.THIRUMATHI -","year":2023,"doi":"10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i03.3770","url":"https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i03.3770","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Spatial Conservation Prioritization of Landscapes in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats","authors":"K. V. Satish, S. Vazeed Pasha, C. Sudhakar Reddy","year":2023,"doi":"10.1201/9781003408758-22","url":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003408758-22","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Biodiversity Hotspot of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"checklist to the orchids of Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"J. Jayanthi, Jeewan Singh Jalal","year":2023,"doi":"10.15517/lank.v23i1.54573","url":"https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v23i1.54573","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v23i1.54573","licence":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/cr/","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Lankesteriana","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This paper provides a comprehensive account of the orchid diversity in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRTTR), Karnataka, India. A total of 97 orchid species belonging to 33 genera were documented. This includes 50 terrestrial and 47 epiphytic orchids, including one mycoheterotrophic orchid, Epipogium roseum, and a climbing leafless Vanilla walkerae. Additionally, 39 endemic orchids were documented during the study. The evergreen forests provide the most habitable conditions for the orchids in BRTTR. The present study adds 26 species to the orchid flora of BRTTR. About 49% of the orchid flora of Karnataka state and 32% of orchids of Western Ghats is found in BRTTR, making this area a microcenter for orchid diversity."},{"kind":"article","title":"Is Elephant Proof Trench an Effective Mitigating Measure against Human – Elephant Conflict?","authors":"S. Karthick, B. Ramakrishnan","year":2023,"doi":"10.36808/if/2023/v149i10/157840","url":"https://openalex.org/W4392827551","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) is one of the challenging issues posing on elephant conservation. The Elephant Proof Trench is recognized as a potential means of reducing HEC. The effectiveness of EPT in controlling HEC depends on various factors which is not studied so far. This paper describes on effectiveness of EPT in three different geographical landscapes in Tamil Nadu. In a total 470.48 km of EPTes studied in Coimbatore Forest Division, Gudalur Forest Division and Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary altogether. Entire EPT was walked by foot to record wild animal and livestock crossing points. Line transect method was deployed to find out extent of use by wild animals along the EPT and questionnaire method was used to understand people's perception on EPT. The result revealed that there were 727 animal crossing points and 909 other than animals crossing points. The Elephant (0.63 ER/Km) was frequently used animal. Most of the people (85%) have opined that the maintenance is the duty of forest department. Huge amount being spent for digging EPT every year by the Government is ending with poor result. This present study is envisaged that policy level change is urgently warranted for successful use of EPT grant against HEC."},{"kind":"article","title":"Farmer’s Perception and Willingness to Pay for Mitigating Man-Animal Conflicts in Coimbatore Forest Circle","authors":"P. Unniravisankar, C. Sekhar, K.S. Anoop Das, A. Vidhyavathi, M. Vijayabhama, K Baranidharan","year":2023,"doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92009","url":"https://openalex.org/W4381053094","oa_url":"https://journalajaees.com/index.php/AJAEES/article/download/2009/3995","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The study assessed the farmers and other stakeholder’s perception on man-animal conflict at Coimbatore forest circle. Around 37 per cent of the respondents outlined that the farm floor is less than one kilometre distance from the reserve forest. Whereas, 33 per cent of the farm floor was within the distance of one to two kilometres revealed that around 70 per cent of the farm floor is very closer to the forest floor and hence the visit of elephants and other animals to the farm field is quite often taking place. While examining the reason for man-animal conflicts, the same were ranked based on the mean score obtained by using the Likert scaling technique with five point continuum. Among the major reasons, the habitat fragmentation found to be number one stood with the opinion of “strongly agree” according to eighty per cent of the respondents. This was followed by shortage of food resources in the forest perimeter and the periodic human invasion into the forests for their various needs like small timber, fuel wood and bush meat related activities found to be the major reasons for unexpected conflicts between the wild animals and the human being. The same was supported by their respective mean scores of “agree” mode of scale developed for this purpose. The most affected crop is banana which is the one most preferred to the elephants which stood in the first rank and the second rank goes to the coconut, the banana and the coconut were the preferred crop to the elephants. in the absence of the two expressed in the rank one and two, the arecanut and sugarcane could attract the elephants around 32 per cent of the respondents were ready to pay some higher amount which ranges between rs 200 to 500. However, around 17 per cent of the respondents were not interested in paying any contribution towards such initiatives. Among the many protective measures practiced by the farmers, the fire crackers and the powerful torches illuminated on the animal face could alleviate the animals immediately and hence these two protective measures were common among the farmers. Besides, researchers has also used probit regression analysis to analyse the influence of different factors on the dependent variable, willingness to pay. Awareness of the respondents towards mitigation measures, effectiveness of existing mitigating measures, and proximity of farm land to reserved forest, percentage of farm income to household income, farm size and economic loss incurred due crop and property damages by the animals. among the seven variables, awareness of the respondents towards mitigation measures, effectiveness of existing mitigating measures, proximity of farm land to reserved forest, farm size and economic loss incurred due crop and property damage were the six factors found to be statistically significant indicated that these factors cause significant changes in the willingness to pay among the stakeholders."},{"kind":"article","title":"Population Density and Age-Sex Composition of Large Mammals in Tropical Forests, Southern India","authors":"M. Ashokkumar, Rajaratinavelu Nagarajan","year":2023,"doi":"10.5772/intechopen.109567","url":"https://openalex.org/W4362698208","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109567","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IntechOpen eBooks","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The population density, structure, and biomass of mammal species were investigated in the tropical forest of Southern India. The population of large mammals was estimated using distance sampling methods at the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in the dry seasons from 2004 to 2007. The estimated densities of larger ungulate species such as elephant and gaur were 4.8/sqkm and 7.9/sqkm. Medium-sized ungulate species such as sambar, chital, barking deer, and wild pig densities were 7.1, 27.9, 1.1, and 0.4/sqkm, respectively. The estimated density of primate species, i.e., common langur, was 14.9/sqkm. The smaller rodent species, black-naped hare, had a lower density of 1.3/sqkm, which could be attributed to the nocturnal behaviour of hares. Among these mammal species, barking deer and black-naped hare are solitary species, while others are gregarious. The study area supports herbivore biomass density of 15,198 kg/sqkm. Comparison with earlier estimates, the densities of elephant and gaur is increasing in the study area. The population density of large mammals is compared to other areas and discussed."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessing Visitors' Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem Services in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India: Insights from a Contingent Valuation Study for Conservation Policy","authors":"V. Rajkumar, Subramanian Boopathi","year":2023,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3350138/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W4386849984","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3350138/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Tiger reserves provide a wide range of ecosystem services, many of which are not traded in the market. Unfortunately, the economic significance of these reserves is often underestimated, resulting in insufficient resource allocation for tiger conservation and a loss of valuable ecosystem services. Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) in Tamil Nadu, India, the nation's first Biosphere Reserve and a significant protected area, is increasingly vulnerable due to negative externalities that affect the quantity and quality of ecosystem services benefiting society. To address this issue and enhance ecosystem services through tiger reserve conservation, it is crucial to understand the adverse impacts of these externalities and consider people's preferences. This study employed a dichotomous choice-contingent valuation method, surveying 372 visitors, to investigate the factors influencing their willingness to pay for improved ecosystem services through the conservation of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve in The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu. The study findings reveal that 64% of surveyed visitors express concerns about mitigating adverse impacts and are willing to provide financial support for preserving ecosystem services and human well-being. A Logit regression result shows a positive association between respondent education, monthly family income, and environmental awareness with willingness to pay (WTP). Conversely, family size and bid price have a negative impact on the likelihood of WTP. Incorporating these factors into conservation policies can significantly contribute to the sustainability of ecosystem benefits in the MTR and advance its long-term conservation goals. Policy recommendations include measures to enhance ecosystem benefits within the MTR, mitigate human-animal conflicts, and reduce invasive species."},{"kind":"article","title":"FINDING OF ENDEMIC FLOWERING PLANTS IN THE NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE &amp; THEIR BIOLOGICAL NAMES WITH THEIR HABITAT AND MEDICINAL USES","authors":null,"year":2023,"doi":"10.31032/ijbpas/2023/12.5.7166","url":"https://openalex.org/W4367399984","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31032/ijbpas/2023/12.5.7166","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Historically, medicinal plants have been used to treat a variety of illnesses.The medico-ethno botanical data gathered from Nilgiri tribes is highlighted in this study.The Nilgiri is a wellknown massif rising tall in South India's Western Ghats [1].In the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in southern India, there are 3,300 kinds of blooming plants, 132 of which are indigenous.Parts of the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu are included in the reserve.We excluded the IUCN Red list of threatened, nonmedicinal and extinct Species [13].The findings of this study revealed different Ayurvedic and local medicinal uses for 32 flowering plants that have been incorporated into the Nilgiri abonies' traditional therapeutic regime of herbal treatment for a variety of common diseases.These discoveries are explored in the context of cross-cultural perspectives."},{"kind":"article","title":"The study of biogeographic patterns of the genus Parmotrema in Wayanad District, Kerala with a new record in India","authors":"B. Pfaller Joseph, Edathumthazhe Kuni Sinisha, Valiya Thodiyil Jaseela, Harshid Pulparambil, N.S. Pradeep","year":2023,"doi":"10.11609/jott.8570.15.10.24092-24103","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388201950","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/8570/9574","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This research focuses on Wayanad District within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of the Western Ghats, a renowned hotspot forlichen diversity. A thorough investigation documented 10 distinct Parmotrema species, with one newly identified species (Parmotremaclavuliferum). Each species was comprehensively described, encompassing their morphological, chemical, and biogeographicalcharacteristics. The core objective of this study revolves around conservation and sustainable utilization of this valuable bioresource.This research contributes to our understanding of lichen ecosystems, particularly in regions facing diverse threats, and underscores the importance of the Wayanad District within the broader context of biodiversity conservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Note on the distribution of Riccia beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm. (Ricciaceae: Marchantiophyta) in India","authors":"B Dhanyasree, A. E. D. Daniels","year":2023,"doi":"10.14719/pst.2197","url":"https://openalex.org/W4321490541","oa_url":"https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/download/2197/1814","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Plant Science Today","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Riccia beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm. is a more or less cosmopolitan species. In India, it was earlier known to be distributed in the Western Himalayas, Northeast India, Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh and Western Ghats of Kerala. This species has now been collected in the Nilgiri Hills on the Western Ghats which is an addition to Tamil Nadu. A detailed description of the species with a photographic plate and a distribution map is provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"How availability of NSAIDs and public perception matters in Vulture conservation in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, South India: An overt and covert survey approach","authors":"S. Manigandan, H. Byju, P. Kannan, B. Ramakrishnan, Reshmi Vijayan","year":2023,"doi":"10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03.052","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388514065","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03.052","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Ecology Environment and Conservation","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This is author accepted version of the article published in Ecology, Environment and Conservation. The journal doi is incorrect and this provides a stable citation reference&lt;/p&gt;"},{"kind":"article","title":"Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"B. Karthik, M. MURUGESAN, V. ANUSUBA, Mayandi Premkumar, R. THARANI","year":2023,"doi":"10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8","url":"https://openalex.org/W4327917750","oa_url":"http://publication.plazi.org/id/1017FFABFFC58259D877FFA5F958FFD5","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Phytotaxa","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Symplocos sisparensis, a new species of Symplocaceae has been collected from Mukurthi National Park in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR). The new species is morphologically similar to Symplocos foliosa Wight, however it is differing from by its habit, branchlets, leaves, calyx lobes, style and fruit characters. Therefore, the new species is described with detailed description, phenology, distribution (including map) along with photographic plates and illustration to facilitate easy identification of this species in the field."},{"kind":"article","title":"DAIRY FARMING PRACTICES MIDST URBAN AREA OF MYSORE, KARNATAKA, INDIA","authors":"G Prajwal, S. Basavarajappa","year":2023,"doi":"10.17148/iarjset.2023.10926","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387218752","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2023.10926","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"IARJSET","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Systematic investigations were conducted to record the dairy farming activities midst urban area of Mysore during May, 2023 to August, 2023.Total 60 dairy farmers from 27 areas were randomly selected using pre-tested questionnaire.Altogether, 60 parameters which covers socio-economic conditions of dairy farmers, cow breeds, feeding, hygienic conditions, disease management, manure used and milk marketing etc, were considered.Scientific data was compiled and systematically analyzed using standard methods.Data indicated quite interesting results.Majority (61.7%) of dairy farmers belong to the middle age group (35-55 years), and it was followed by 23.3, 13.3 and 1.7% dairy farmers respectively young (24-34 years), old age (56-70 years) and 70 years age group.Among the different age groups, only 53.3% dairy farmers had high school education and it was followed by below high school and pre-university level education respectively 16.7 and 11.7%.Only 10% dairy farmers had graduation and 8.3% were illiterates.Interestingly, 95% dairy farmers were male and only 5% female folk were involved with dairy farming.Moreover, 53.3% dairy farmers had more experience (20-40 years) in this activity and 6.7% are doing this activity since 40 years and considered it as legacy and as self-employment.Surprisingly, most of the dairy farmers (98.3%) didn't have any training on dairy farming and 1.7% dairy farmers have attended the training on modern dairy farming activities.In Mysore, pure breeds both exotic and indigenous origin along with cross breeds was used in dairy farming.Holstien-Friesian and Jersey cattle breeds semen was artificially inseminated with indigenous cattle breeds to produce crossbreed cows.Cross breeds were used more (75%) than local breeds or pure breeds (13.3%).The cow breeds namely Holstein-Friesian, Bargur, Hullikar, Alambadi and Amritmahal were respectively used 4.7, 1.7, 1.4, 1.2 and 1%.In Mysore, milking from the cattle is being done majorly (93.3%) by males and many families hire milkmen to collect milk from the cows on daily wage basis.However, only 6.7% female folk are involved in milking activity.Majority (73.3%) of the dairy farmers keep only cows and around 26.7% dairy farmers keep cows along with hen, goat and sheep.Further, dairy farmers having small to medium and large cow herd size with minimum 2 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 21 respectively by 35, 26.7, 36.6% dairy farmers.Surprisingly, dairy farmers are practicing dairy farming on their own without hiring a labour to maintain the cows.Total 61.7% dairy farmers were practicing zero grazing, where cows are not allowed to graze openly.Only 25% dairy farmers were practicing semi-intensive grazing and 13.3% dairy farmers were practicing extensive grazing.Cows were fed with different quantity of feed that was depended on age and milking status.Further, hygienic practices followed during milking, equipments used for milking, storage and transportation and disease management practices followed were as per the standard norms followed by the dairy farmers.Overall, most of the dairy farmers are happy with their profession and earning good returns despite fulfilling the household requirement in Mysore city."},{"kind":"article","title":"Religious Practices and Beliefs of Bedakampana Lingayats Residing in the Thalakkarai Hamlet of the Burgur Hills in Tamil Nadu","authors":"N. Kavitha","year":2023,"doi":"10.15613/hijrh/2023/v10i1/221067","url":"https://openalex.org/W4390799876","oa_url":"https://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/hijrh/article/download/221067/206177","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"HuSS International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"India, the world's largest democratic nation, boasts a diverse and rich cultural heritage, with a population of approximately 1,417,681,535 as of April 15, 2023. The country comprises 28 states and 8 union territories, housing a citizenry that represents various religions, origins, dialects, and beliefs. Within this diverse population, certain communities reside in remote suburbs or forested areas, such as the Bedakampana Lingayats of Thalakkarai village live in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. Despite limited attention from social scientists, these Lingayats embrace their traditions as a means of navigating modernity. They demonstrate a remarkable balance between preserving their distinct identity and actively contributing to India's rich cultural and religious diversity. This paper aims to explore the religious practices and beliefs of the Bedakampana Lingayats of Thalakkarai, focusing on their worship rituals, religious ceremonies, and festivals. The Lingayats, also known as Lingawants, Lingangis, Lingadharis, Shivabhaktas, and Virasaivas, are devout followers of Lord Shiva. As strict vegetarians, they prefer to be addressed as Virasaivas. Their name derives from the Sanskrit word \"Linga\", symbolizing their profound devotion to Lord Shiva. By delving into their religious lives and examining the authenticity of their practices, this study sheds light on the contributions of the Bedakampana Lingayats to India's cultural and religious tapestry."},{"kind":"article","title":"Distribution and population density of plant parasitic nematodes in Kallakurichi, Vedaranyam and Bargur blocks of Tamil Nadu","authors":"P. Senthilkumar","year":2023,"doi":"10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/127-132","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387572301","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/18.2/127-132","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Plant Sciences Muzaffarnagar","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"India contribute 9 per cent share in world production and one of the main vegetables grown in Tamil Nadu. Major production area of Tamil Nadu is Coimbatore, Dharmapuri, Salem and Krishnagiri districts. In India an average, a national loss of Rs. 21,068.73 millions has been estimated due to plant parasitic nematodes. An overall average annual yield loss in major horticultural crops due to nematodes goes upto 60% under protected cultivation. Protected cultivation is an emerging technology for raising vegetable and flower crops under controlled environmental condition and continuous growing of crops. Plant parasitic nematodes has emerged as a major problem, causing enormous yield loss. The maximum population of Pratylenchus spp in soil and root (300.54 and 275.50) were recorded in Veerasolapurammadur village, Kallakurichi block in sugarcane eco system and maximum lesion index 5.0 was recorded in same location and no incidence for root knot nematode was recorded. In Vaedharanyam block, The maximum population of Melodogyne graminicola in soil and root (300.25 and 325.65) were recorded in Neivellakku village, Vedharanyam block in rice eco system and maximum root knot index 5.0 was recorded in same location and no incidence for Aphelenchoides besseyi was recorded. In Barugur block ,The maximum population of lesion nematode, Radopholus similis in soil and root (450.20 and 410.25) were recorded in Santhur village, burgur block in banana eco system and maximum root lesion index 5.0 was recorded in same location and minimum population of root knot nematode (110.20 and 120.54) was recorded in Errapatty village of Burgur block."},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Organic Cultivation on the Livelihood Changes of Farmers","authors":"Dhasbega Dhagashine S., R. Velusamy, K. Ramakrishnan, Muniandi Jegadeesan, K. Prabakaran","year":2023,"doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i102149","url":"https://openalex.org/W4386255425","oa_url":"https://journalajaees.com/index.php/AJAEES/article/view/2149/4271","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The study mainly focuses on the livelihood changes among organic farmers those who adopted the organic cultivation practises. The study was carried out in Erode district of Tamil Nadu in all the 14 blocks, with a sample size of 140 respondents of certified organic farmers were selected by adopting simple random sampling method is used. The Quantitative components examine a data from various certified organic farmers before and after organic cultivation, the livelihood variables is found in five capitals such as human capital, social capital, financial capital, physical capital, and natural capital. For determining the livelihood capitals of organic farmers “Z test “was used. The findings infer that there is a significant positive change in the livelihood of farmers from the cultivation of crops (Sugarcane, Banana, Turmeric, Brinjal, Chilli, and Tomato) after the intervention of organic farming practices. So, the adoption of organic agricultural practices has contributed for the livelihood changes among the certified organic farmers."},{"kind":"article","title":"Survey and Isolation of Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi","authors":"Arunprakash Soodamani, V. Paranidharan","year":2023,"doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i203808","url":"https://openalex.org/W4386896537","oa_url":"https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/download/3808/7564","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Roving survey has been conducted during first quarter of 2023 at selected paddy fields of Cauvery Delta zone (Tanjore, Perambalur) and Western zone (Coimbatore, Erode) of Tamil Nadu to assess the Percent Disease Incidence for rice false smut disease in which the maximum disease incidence was recorded in Erode district (40%). The infected spikelet were observed with the characteristic symptoms where the individual rice grains turned into large, fluffy and velvety green balls, later these balls turns hard during maturity. The pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens was isolated from the infected smut balls in potato sucrose agar medium in which the fungus appears as small white colonies after seven days of isolation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Abiotic Factors on Population Dynamics of Leaf Miner, Aproaerema modicella D. and Its Natural Enemies in Groundnut","authors":"S V Sangeetha, K. Ganesan, R.P. Soundararajan, I. Johnson, K. Ramah, Ga. Dheebakaran","year":2023,"doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92501","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385551744","oa_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/view/2501/4935","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Groundnut leaf miner (Aproaerema modicella. D.) is an important leaf feeding insect in groundnut that significantly reduces the pod yield up to 50 per cent. The growth and development of this insect pest is closely associated with the abiotic weather parameters prevailing in a particular location. Due to paucity of information available on the population dynamics of groundnut leaf miner with abiotic weather factors, a study was undertaken in Erode district of Tamil Nadu during Summer, 2023. Groundnut leaf miner damages were recorded through the fixed plots survey and the adult moth activities were monitored through pheromone traps at weekly intervals. From this study it was found that, the leaf miner incidences were observed from 30 days after sowing. The highest mean leaf miner mean damage (17.84%), pheromone adult catches (58.38 nos./5 traps), coccinellid beetle population (4.70 nos./10 plants) and spider population (5.17 nos./10 plants) were observed during 9th SMW. Whereas, the rove beetle population was maximum (4.62 nos./10 plants) during 10th SMW. The correlation study revealed that the maximum temperature had positive correlation and rainfall had negative correlation with the populations of groundnut leaf miner and its natural enemies. The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the weather parameters together had 66.00 to 95.00 per cent influence on the groundnut leaf miner and its natural enemy population. The present study clearly indicated that, the population of groundnut leaf miner and its damage levels were closely related to the abiotic weather parameters prevailed in the study area during entire crop duration. Better understanding of the weather factors resulted in better leaf miner management and more net profit for the groundnut growers."},{"kind":"article","title":"Auto-fellatio behaviour observed in the Indian Palm Squirrel Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus, 1766)","authors":"Anbazhagan Abinesh, Chandravilasam Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Chinnasamy Ramesh","year":2023,"doi":"10.11609/jott.8370.15.8.23817-23818","url":"https://openalex.org/W4386191706","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/8370/9440","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Masturbation is an auto-sexual behaviour, a widespread phylogenetic trait in many taxa. Masturbation in squirrels was rarely reported. We observed an Indian palm squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) doing the auto-fellatio activity away from the scurry in Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu. However, the auto-fellatio behaviour in F. palmarum is novel."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Fluoride on Oral Health Status Among General Population Residing in High- and Low-Level Fluoride Blocks in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"V Gousalya, D Prabu, Magesh Mohan, Dinesh Dhamodhar, VV Bharathwaj, R Sindhu, S Sathiyapriya","year":2023,"doi":"10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_581_22","url":"https://openalex.org/W4384076292","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_581_22","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A BSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride levels in groundwater and their effect on oral health status among the general population of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of index age groups 5, 12, 15, 35–44, and 65–74 years. A total of 540 subjects participated in the study. High fluoride blocks of Erode district were selected based on the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India, 2010, and the low fluoride were taken from the Groundwater Year Book (GWYB) of Tamil Nadu and UT of Puducherry, 2018. The Oral Health Assessment Form 2013 (adult and children) of the World Health Organization (WHO) was used to assess dental caries and enamel fluorosis. Clinical examination was performed using a mouth mirror and explorer under natural illumination by a single examiner. Data obtained were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. A Chi-squared test was employed to analyze the difference between the high and low fluoride blocks. A P value of 0.05 was set to be statistically significant. Results: The current study had a contrary finding with the CGWB on water quality analysis of fluoride levels in drinking water for high fluoride block, Ammapet (1.12 ppm) and Anthiyur (1.08 ppm). The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in high fluoride block Ammapet was 44.4% and Anthiyur was 54.8%. The prevalence of dental caries in high fluoride block Ammapet was 45.9% and in Anthiyur was 43%. The prevalence of enamel fluorosis in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 27.4% and in Gobichettipalayam was 28.2%. The prevalence of dental caries in low fluoride block Bhavanisagar was 61.5%, and in Gobichettipalayam was 54.8%. Conclusion: This study’s contradictory finding emphasizes the importance of drinking water; sanitation staff should monitor and report water fluoridation data on a monthly basis in accordance with the Water Fluoridation Reporting System, and CGWB should plan and organize a team for the upgradation of water quality in India. The National Program for Prevention and Control of Dental Diseases should look on to the endemic areas for the prevention of dental fluorosis, which should be assessed, implemented, and monitored by the public health dentist who should be recruited as oral health program officers in both central and state governments."},{"kind":"article","title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE FALSE SMUT PATHOGEN USTILAGINOIDEA VIRENS AND ITS USTILOXIN TOXIN IMPACT ON BRINE SHRIMP","authors":"Arunprakash Soodamani, V. Paranidharan","year":2023,"doi":"10.53550/pr.2023.v42i04.013","url":"https://openalex.org/W4389915693","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.53550/pr.2023.v42i04.013","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Pollution Research","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Survey on rice false smut disease has been conducted at Erode, Tanjore, Perambalur and Coimbatore districts of Tamil Nadu, India. Among the areas surveyed, higher disease incidence was recorded in the paddy variety bhavani cultivated in Bhavanisagar, Erode district in which the rice false smut disease incidence was recorded as 40%. The pathogenicity test revealed the symptom development within 12-15 days of conidial suspension injection. In order to characterize the fungal isolates of Ustilaginoidea virens, a causal for rice false smut disease was cultured on Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) medium. The pathogen was characterized morphologically which exhibits white mycelium that turns yellow and becomes olive green on maturity. Molecular confirmation was carried out among the collected isolates that were amplified at 380 bp region which is found specific for the pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens using the primers US 1-5 and US 3-3. The extraction and purification of ustiloxin was carried out using flash chromatography. On purification 100% water and 30% ethanol fraction was collected separately. The cytotoxicity assay of ustiloxin in brine shrimp resulted that the mortality at 1% concentration of ustiloxin was 96% and the lowest mortality (26%) was observed at 0.2% concentration. The lethal dosage 50(LD50) was confirmed at the concentration of 0.4% ustiloxin having the mortality rate of 52% using brine shrimp bioassay"},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of different spray volumes on deposition characteristics of a fuel-operated UAV sprayer using herbicides in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa)","authors":"Narayanaswamy Jeevan, S Pazhanivelan, R. Kumaraperumal, K P Ragunath, P. Murali Arthanari, N. Sritharan, A. Karthikkumar, S. Manikandan","year":2023,"doi":"10.56093/ijas.v93i7.133995","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385662107","oa_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAgS/article/download/133995/51400","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar, during 2021–23 to study the effect of spray volume (SV) on deposition characteristics of a fuel-operated UAV sprayer (25 L/ha, 37.5 L/ha and 50 litre/ha) and knapsack sprayer (KS) (500 litre/ha) in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) field. Results showed that herbicides spraying using UAV (37.5 litre/ha) had a higher droplet deposition (0.077 and 0.075 μL/cm2) than knapsack spraying of 500 litre/ha (0.06 and 0.049 μL/cm2) in the ground layer of first (PE) and second (PoE) spraying, respectively. KS (500 litre/ha) had significantly higher droplet coverage rate, droplet size (Dv0.5) over other UAV spray volumes. Subsequently, variation in spray uniformity was found between two sprayers. Among UAV spray volumes, application of 50 litre/ha had better deposition, coverage rate and number of spray deposits/cm2 compared to UAV (37.5 litre/ha), with no significant difference between them. Further, application of 25 litre/ha using UAV recorded lower deposition characteristics over other treatments. So, considering low volume application of UAV (37.5 litre/ha), comparable with high volume KS (500 litre/ha), it is better to go for optimal application of UAV (37.5 litre/ha), which is having better working efficiency, profitability and labor-saving approach compared to knapsack sprayer."},{"kind":"article","title":"Aromatic profiling of Murraya koenigii leaves by Thermal Desorption Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (TD-GC-MS)","authors":"Santhanakrishnan V.P, N Shoba, Senthamizh Selvi B, E. Varun, S. Mohankumar, M. Raveendran","year":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17832","url":"https://openalex.org/W4382753287","oa_url":"http://www.cell.com/article/S2405844023050405/pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Heliyon","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The germplasms of the Murraya koenigii were collected from Rajamvundry, Annoor, Kollihills, Suvashini, Bhavanisagar, Kaaramadai (KMM5, KMM6, KMM7, KMM8 and KMM14) and the Kerala Agricultural University (KAU). The fresh leaves were analyzed for its volatile organic compounds by Thermal Desorption Gas chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (TD-GC-MS) to obtain germplasm specific volatile fingerprinting. The correlation between genotypes based on volatile profiles has been analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). A wide variety of volatile compounds identified in the eleven M. koenigii genotypes belongs to terpenoids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, aldehyde, ketones, benzenes, azulenes and other minor compounds. The α-pinene and β-pinene content is high in Suvashini and Bhavanisagar (BSR) genotypes respectively. The monoterpenes such as γ-terpinene, α-myrcene and terpinolene are high in Kaaramadai variety (KMMK8), whereas caryophyllene content is high in the Rajamundry. The results of PCA revealed that significant variances with 45.47% (PC 1) and 21.40% (PC 2). In AHC, the α-pinene and chloral hydrate forms the one major cluster. Additionally, α-fenchene and α-caryophyllene has observed forming second major cluster with significant magnitude. The cluster formed by sesquiterpenes are observed high in Annoor (65.34%), followed by KMMK8 (48.01%), Kollihills (39.89%) and Rajamundry (39.27%). The PCA and AHC combined with the fingerprint of TD-GC-MS have discriminated qualitative volatile profile and indicated that major changes VOCs emitted are highly attributed to the genetic factors."},{"kind":"article","title":"Groundwater Contamination Monitoring for Pollution Measurement and Transmission Applying WQI Approaches from a Region of the Erode District, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"Manoj Shanmugamoorthy, S. Anandakumar, L. Elango, Sampathkumar Velusamy","year":2023,"doi":"10.3103/s1063455x23020091","url":"https://openalex.org/W4366158637","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3103/S1063455X23020091.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology","citations":17,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract The present research deals with the Risk assessment of groundwater quality. 79 groundwater samples were collected from domestic and agricultural usage open and bore wells during January 2021(COVID-19 Pandemic Period). Groundwater samples were tested to determine the physicochemical parameters using standard testing procedure for the preparation of spatial distribution maps of each parameter based on the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. Multivariate statistical analysis has shown the source of groundwater pollution from secondary leaching of chemical weathering of rocks. From the Water Quality Index and bivariate plot reveals that less than 20% of the area comes under high and very high-risk zone. The types of hardness diagram showed 32.91% of the samples fall in hard brackish water as illustrated by the Piper trilinear diagram. The research outcome result shows that the least percentage of industrials effluents due to the COVID-19 pandemic, not working for all industries during lock down period."},{"kind":"article","title":"Plant species diversity in the riparian forests of the Moyar River in southern India","authors":"Muthu Karthick Nagarajan, Avantika Bhaskar","year":2023,"doi":"10.11609/jott.4722.15.4.22955-22967","url":"https://openalex.org/W4367050815","oa_url":"https://www.threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/4722/9178","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Riparian forests are among the most rapidly disappearing vegetation types throughout the world. River Moyar cascades through gorges and links the Western Ghats with the southernmost segments of the Eastern Ghats. Considering the relatively well-preserved state of the Moyar riparian vegetation and being amongst the least explored forests in southern India, an assessment of angiosperm diversity was undertaken. The study used an array of belt transects along and perpendicular to the river course so that the entire elevation gradient of the gallery could be covered. A total of 172 species representing 126 genera belonging to 47 families, including 100 monotypic genera and 17 monotypic families, were recorded from both the transects in the study area. 131 woody angiosperm species representing 100 genera in 41 families were recorded along the river. The perpendicular gallery transects recorded 111 woody angiosperm species representing 86 genera in 36 families. Thirteen monotypic families were found in both transects, and 70 species were found in both transects. The dominant families with the maximum species were Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Phyllanthaceae. Shannon diversity index ranged between 2.0 to 3.27 along the river transects and 1.51 to 2.67 along the galleries. The study concludes that Moyar riparian zone merits high conservation value as it supports significant species diversity, including red-listed species and habitat-specific plants, and functions as a vital wildlife corridor in the landscape."},{"kind":"article","title":"A review of the status of vultures in the southern state of Karnataka, India","authors":"P V Santhakumari And Gopal, Honnavalli N. Kumara","year":2023,"doi":"10.11609/jott.8627.15.11.24184-24200","url":"https://openalex.org/W4389005639","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/8627/9598","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Vultures are vital scavengers that maintain ecological balance by feeding on carcasses. Among the nine vulture species in India, four are categorised as ‘Critically Endangered’, one as ‘Endangered’, three as ‘Near Threatened’, and one as ‘Least Concern’ as per the IUCN Red List. The vultures have experienced a global decline, while in India, majorly due to the use of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). A review of all available literature on vultures from 1838 to December 2022 and extracting of all sight records from eBird to understand their status, occurrence, and distribution for the Indian state of Karnataka. The study reveals a total of seven vulture species recorded from the state, of them, one was misidentified, two are vagrants, and the other four species, namely Egyptian Vulture, White-rumped Vulture, Indian Vulture, and Red-headed Vulture, are residents. The resident vulture population in the state is experiencing a consistent decrease and has been confined in recent years to in and around Bandipur and Nagarahole tiger reserves, while Egyptian Vulture is mostly observed in human-inhabited areas. In contrast to the gradual recovery of the Gyps vulture population across the country, the population in the Ramadevarabetta Vulture Sanctuary remains relatively low or decreasing. Periodic systematic population assessments and monitoring of nest sites, evaluating breeding patterns, and ensuring the availability of undisturbed carcasses for vultures to feed on are suggested."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessing the accuracy of population estimation methods for vulture populations: a case study from the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"S. Manigandan, H. Byju, P. Kannan","year":2023,"doi":"10.22364/eeb.21.06","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388688107","oa_url":"https://journal.lu.lv/eeb/article/download/619/584","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Environmental and Experimental Biology","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Two resident and two local migratory vulture species are reported in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The early population estimates from the region are either scanty or crude. Vulture population estimation was performed using three different methods based on their breeding seasons and regional movements between 2019 and 2021. Road transect counts, nest counts, and carcass monitoring counts were used for population assessments. The road transect survey and nest site counting during the breeding season were conducted in all three years, while carcass monitoring was done in 2019 – 2020. For population estimation, three nest site colony counts were conducted for the resident Gyps bengalensis and for Gyps indicus. The other two methods, carcass monitoring and the road transect survey, were used for all four focal vulture species of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve – Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus, Neophron percnopterus and Sarcogyps calvus. Significant variation in vulture population count was observed with different assessment methods."},{"kind":"article","title":"PREDICTION OF FORAGE SPECIES FOR MEGAHERBIVORE (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) IN COIMBATORE ELEPHANT RESERVE (CER) AT THE FOOTHILLS OF WESTERN GHATS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA","authors":"M. PACKIALAKSHMI, M.P. DIVYA, K. BARANIDHARAN","year":2023,"doi":"10.15666/aeer/2101_117132","url":"https://openalex.org/W4319347396","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2101_117132","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Coimbatore Reserve Forest forms an integral and important part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India. The forest areas in the Mettupalayam range and Sirumugai range of Coimbatore Forest Division were selected as study areas. It was approached in a systematic-random sampling method. Two methods viz., i) transact line survey method and ii) sample plot method, were used to document the native fodder species in the study area. Totally, 128 sample plots with the size of 20 x 20 m and 17 transact line surveys at 0.2% sampling intensity were used. Based on the survey, 25 fodder tree species were documented; Fabaceae is the most dominant family with 12 species. In diversity analysis, S IV showed higher tree fodder diversity in terms of Simpson D (0.69), Shannon H index (2.72) and evenness index (0.44). With respect to the grass density, the maximum grass density was observed in Oplismenus burmannii followed by Dichanthium aristatum and Enteropogon monostachyus which is due to geographical condition of the Coimbatore Elephant Reserve."},{"kind":"article","title":"Microhabitat of Indian Rock Pythons (Python molurus) in Moyar River Valley, Tropical India","authors":null,"year":2023,"doi":"10.55362/ije/2023/4046","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387541704","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.55362/ije/2023/4046","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Ecology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The knowledge of microhabitats used by a species is essential for its effective conservation and management. This study aimed to quantify the microhabitat use of Indian rock pythons ( ) in the Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves (STR & MTR), Python molurus Tamil Nadu. Fourteen pythons were captured through intensive search and opportunistic methods from STR, MTR, and nearby villages and then radio-track between 2018 and 2020. The various microhabitats were categorized and quantified based on sightings of the radio-tagged pythons. A total of 401 microhabitat locations were collected and classified into eight categories: burrows, dead fallen trees, dry bushes, green bushes, trees, open areas, rock crevices, and water. The study results showed that the microhabitat use of male and female pythons was significantly related . The number of sightings was converted into proportions, revealing that dry and green bushes were the most preferred microhabitats by pythons. This study provides valuable insights into the microhabitat preferences of in tropical climatic conditions P. molurus and can help in the formulation of effective policies and measures to protect this species and its micro-habitats."},{"kind":"article","title":"Mammalian diversity, distribution and potential key conservation areas in the Western Ghats","authors":"Honnavalli N. Kumara, Santanu Mahato, Mewa Singh, Sanjay Molur, Avadhoot D. Velankar","year":2023,"doi":"10.18520/cs/v124/i1/38-49","url":"https://openalex.org/W4317809348","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v124/i1/38-49","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current Science","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) An updated list confirms the presence of 134 species of wild mammals in the Western Ghats, India. The superimposed distribution range of all, and threatened species of mammals depicts the potential mammalian key diversity areas for the Western Ghats, which can be prioritized for long-term conservation. These mammalian key diversity areas are confined to the central and the southern Western Ghats. The most crucial key diversity areas for both threatened and all mammalian species occur in Pushpagiri–Talakaveri, the Nilgiri Biosphere, the Anamalai Hills, the Periyar landscape and the Agastyamalai Hills."},{"kind":"article","title":"Mapping invasive alien plants through citizen science: shortlisting species of concern for the Nilgiris","authors":"Shiny Mariam Rehel, R. S. Reshnuraj, Samuel Thomas, Milind Bunyan, Anita Varghese, Ankila J. Hiremath","year":2023,"doi":"10.11609/jott.8576.15.11.24266-24276","url":"https://openalex.org/W4389005594","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/8576/9604","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Species introduced from elsewhere are known as alien species. They may be introduced as crop plants or ornamental plants, or for timber. A small proportion of introduced species can become invasive thereby spreading at the cost of native species and habitats, negatively affecting biodiversity, food security, and human wellbeing. Despite the growing recognition of the threat of invasive alien species, we still lack information about the distribution and abundance of species widely accepted to be invasive. To address this information gap regarding invasive alien species distributions, we initiated a pilot citizen science effort to create an atlas of invasive plants in the Moyar-Bhavani landscape of the Nilgiri District. We aimed, through this pilot effort, to develop and test user-friendly mapping protocols and develop an interface for citizen scientists to use. Ultimately, we hope to create a model that can be scaled up to large conservation landscapes, such as the Western Ghats, the central Indian Highlands, and the Himalaya."},{"kind":"article","title":"An inventory of endemic and near endemic angiosperm flora of Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, peninsular India","authors":"J. Jayanthi","year":2023,"doi":"10.11609/jott.8090.15.2.22695-22717","url":"https://openalex.org/W4322211303","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/8090/9099","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve is a biodiverse region of peninsular India that harbors a significant number of endemic and near-endemic angiosperm species. The present documentation reveals a total of 211 endemic taxa conserved in this reserve. Analysis show that the endemic flora is dominated by Western Ghats (57%) elements, followed by Eastern and Western Ghats elements (28%), peninsular endemic elements (9%), and Indian elements (6%). The present study reports two endemic species of Western Ghats Syzygium densiflorum (Myrtaceae) and Meineckia longipes (Phyllanthaceae) as new distribution records for Karnataka state. The family Orchidaceae harbors the maximum endemic taxa. A majority of endemic taxa are confined to the evergreen forest of the reserve, hence these forests need special attention for conservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"The Socio-economic Status of the Urali Tribal of Tamil Nadu in India Using Tribal Composite Index","authors":"Vani Archana","year":2023,"doi":"10.31901/24566799.2023/21.1-2.428","url":"https://openalex.org/W4319771337","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.31901/24566799.2023/21.1-2.428","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Studies of Tribes and Tribals","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study is the outcome of an in-depth fieldwork analysis with 1128 Urali tribal families in Erode district of Tamil Nadu. The selection of the study area was purposive and was based on the population of the Urali people, who are concentrated in the hilly terrain of these tribal districts, the selection of the sample units was done randomly. The study attempts to understand the outcome of development intervention practices and document the change in socio-economic frontiers accrued in favour of beneficiaries and the impact on their livelihoods, if any. This paper also attempts to explore if there is any association between educational status (those who are still studying/those who have discontinued) and level of education (primary/middle/ high/higher secondary/college). The data was analysed using multi-stage stratified random sampling via face-to-face interviews, phone calls, and structured questionnaires, as well as statistical techniques such as Chi-Square and Composite Index. The composite indices show that illiteracy, indebtedness, lack of awareness, poor infrastructure, poor health care, unemployment, unfriendly development policies, etc. pose major challenges to tribal development. The Land and Economic Index lends credence to claims that the Urali community with low landholdings suffers from the extortion of rich and influential settlers. The study concludes that to fully integrate the tribal group into the national mainstream, action must be taken not only to strengthen socioeconomic activities but also to address the enduring issues of poor literacy and high dropout rates."},{"kind":"article","title":"Peer Review Statement","authors":null,"year":2023,"doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1258/1/011002","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388092027","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1258/1/011002","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 18 • Number of submissions sent for review: 16 • Number of submissions accepted: 15 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 83.3 • Average number of reviews per paper: 4 • Total number of reviewers involved: 22 • Contact person for queries: Name: Dr. M Vasudevan Email: vasudevan@bitsathy.ac.in Affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu – 638401, India"},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Nitrate on Oral Health Status among General Population Residing in High and Low-Level Nitrate Blocks in Erode District, Tamilnadu, India - A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"V Gousalya, D Prabu, Raj Mohan M","year":2023,"doi":"10.52403/ijhsr.20230743","url":"https://openalex.org/W4384524873","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230743","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Health Sciences and Research","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Background: Nitrate levels in our water resources have risen in many parts of the world, owing primarily to the use of inorganic fertilizers and animal manure in agricultural areas. When nitrate is consumed under conditions that promote the formation of N-nitroso compounds, the risk of certain cancers and congenital disabilities may increase. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the nitrate levels in groundwater and their effect on oral health status among the general population of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of index age groups 5 yrs, 12 yrs, 15 yrs, 35-44 yrs and 65-74 yrs. A total of 540 subjects participated in the study. The Oral Health Assessment form, WHO 2013 was used for assessing dental caries, enamel fluorosis and oral mucosal lesions. Clinical examination was performed using Type III clinixal examination. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 26. A Chi-square test was employed to analyze the difference between the high and low fluoride nitrate blocks. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the high and low nitrate blocks, with a p-value of 0.062. Statistically significant differences were found between the index age groups for the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (p-value &lt;0.001) Conclusion: This study's contradictory finding emphasizes the importance of drinking water and Central Ground Water Board Ministry of Water Resources should plan and organize a team for the upgradation of the water quality in India. Such lacunae might be due to the unqualified manpower, meticulous ground work can be done efficiently by Public Health dentist alone but they are not recruited for the Central, State and District level Officials. Hence the Public Health Dentist should be recruited as a District Oral Health Officer for formulating a meticulous plan to solve the community dental problem. Key words: nitrate, oral mucosal lesions, water resources, n-nitroso compounds, candidiasis, ANUG"},{"kind":"article","title":"Computer Networks and Cloud Computing: Innovations and Future Prospects","authors":"Prabhakar Gantela, J. Biju","year":2023,"doi":"10.59646/ecebookc9/007","url":"https://openalex.org/W4382363524","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Book Title: Recent Advancements and Future Perspectives in Electronics and Computer Engineering Editors: Mr. Lochan Nagar and Dr. M.Sucharitha ISBN: 978-81-963849-5-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.59646/ecebookc9/007 Authors: Prabhakar Gantela1, J. Biju2 1Assistant Professor, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi Campus, Tepi, P.O. Box 121, Ethiopia 2Assistant Professor, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract: Computer […]"},{"kind":"article","title":"Economic Impact of Industrial Water Pollution on Agriculture and Rural Households in Bhavani River Basin of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Suresh, Dinesh Kumar, N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, M. R. Duraisamy, M. Maheswari","year":2023,"doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i71954","url":"https://openalex.org/W4377024006","oa_url":"https://journalajaees.com/index.php/AJAEES/article/download/1954/3887","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Aim: To study the impact of industrial water pollution on Agriculture and rural households in Bhavani River basin of Tamil Nadu.&#x0D; Study Design: Multistage random sampling.&#x0D; Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Sathyamangalam block of Erode district of Tamil Nadu during September 2021 to December 2021.&#x0D; Methodology: Erode district of Tamil Nadu has been purposively selected due to high intensity of industrial units. In the second stage, Sathyamangalam block of Erode district, was selected based on the extent of external effects on land and water. In total, 360 respondents are selected as a sample, constituting ten persons in each affected and unaffected village. Both primary and secondary data were collected for the present study.&#x0D; Results and Conclusion: The industrial water pollution in Bhavani River basin of Tamil Nadu leads to changes in agricultural pattern, reduction in farm income, decline in agricultural activities and most of the rural households were shifted to non-farming activities in this study area. In order to overcome these issues, it is suggested to develop alternative sources of water for irrigation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Glucocorticoid concentration and parasitic load in a wild striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) population in Southern India","authors":"K. Ashish, Bharti Arora, Divyasree Karne, Vinod Kumar, Aamer Sohel Khan, Govindhaswamy Umapathy, Tharmalingam Ramesh, Riddhika Kalle","year":2023,"doi":"10.1016/j.therwi.2023.100039","url":"https://openalex.org/W4380990478","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.therwi.2023.100039","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Theriogenology Wild","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Glucocorticoid levels (GCs) are an important parameter that infers the pathological condition of an organism. GCs can vary with life history stages like gender, age, and reproductive stage and signify the degree of allostatic load experienced. Deleterious increases in GCs can severely affect the wildlife population by suppressing the reproductive viability of individuals and may cause immunosuppressive, making the population more susceptible to parasitic load. We have studied the stress physiology and parasitic load across the life history stages in the striped hyaena population confined to the Moyar Valley of Mudumalai and Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserves. The fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations were measured using cortisol enzyme immunoassay from 30 scats. Collected scats were categorized into adults, sub-adults, and juvenile age groups based on the size and colour of droppings. Sex of the scat samples was identified post-DNA extraction from their epithelial lining cells. Parasitic load from scats was quantified as the number of different parasites recorded through sucrose floatation and sedimentation techniques. We found no significant difference in GCs concentration and parasitic load across the life history stages, but juveniles were recorded to have the least parasitic load. The highest GCs concentration and parasitic load were recorded from adults and female individuals, while both parameters were found least among juvenile individuals. Though we did not observe any significant differences across life-history stages, this study provides the first baseline information on stress physiology and parasitic load in striped hyaenas, which could help further studies assess the impact of external perturbations on stress physiology."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of Groundwater Quality in and around the Solid Waste Dump Site using Multivariate Plot Analysis","authors":null,"year":2023,"doi":"10.30955/gnj.004766","url":"https://openalex.org/W4327862330","oa_url":"https://journal.gnest.org/sites/default/files/Submissions/gnest_04766/gnest_04766_published.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Global NEST Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Groundwater sources play an important role in meeting the day today needs of the present generation. Frequent monitoring of the ground water source plays an important part. The aim of this study is to analyze the quality of the ground water in and around the solid waste dumpsite near Sathyamangalam town in Erode district and to identify the variation in concentration with respect to time. Groundwater samples were collected from twenty-one locations and analyzed for pH, Electrical conductivity, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Total Dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Chlorides, Sodium, Potassium, Nitrates and Sulphates. The collected groundwater samples were analysed using “Weighted Arithmetic Index” and the water quality was indicated using WQI - a number used to identify the water quality easily by the general public. From the results obtained, it is inferred that Water Quality Index changes with respect to pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons and different time periods for the same location. The changes in water quality are not fully influenced by the open dump site and it may be due to weathering of rocks, use of fertilizers in agricultural lands. Majority of the samples are of poor quality with respect to drinking water quality index. Gibb’s plot, Wilcox diagram and United States Salinity Laboratory diagram are used to assess the suitability of groundwater samples for irrigation purpose. Most of the samples are good for agricultural use. Hence frequent and continuous monitoring of the groundwater quality is necessary to identify its suitability for drinking and agricultural purpose.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D;"},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Industrial Water Pollution on Human and Livestock Health in Bhavani River basin of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Suresh, D. Suresh Kumar, N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, Malathy Duraisamy, M. Maheswari","year":2023,"doi":"10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i124108","url":"https://openalex.org/W4378078011","oa_url":"https://journalcjast.com/index.php/CJAST/article/download/4108/8203","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Aim: To study the impact of Industrial Water Pollution on Human and Livestock health in Bhavani River basin of Tamil Nadu. Study Design: The Cost of illness method. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Sathyamangalam block of Erode district of Tamil Nadu from September 2020 to December 2022. Methodology: The Cost of illness method was applied to study the impact of Industrial Water Pollution on human and Livestock health. For this purpose, 180 sample households from Sathyamangalam block of Erode have been selected due to the high intensity of industrial units and significant number of cases related to water pollution were reported frequently in this area. Both primary data and secondary data were collected for the current study. Results and Conclusion: The industrial water pollution in Bhavani River basin of Tamil Nadu leads to decline in the health status of humans. The number of visits to doctors and expenditure on human health before and after pollution disclose substantial increases. The pollution causes sickness in livestock, decrease the reproductive capacity, milk productivity, loss in the quality of milk and finally lead to death of livestock in the study area. In order to overcome the seissues, it is suggested to develop alternative sources of water for drinking and other purposes .Hence, the study recommends strict regulation of industries to adopt pollution-mitigating technologies before discharging effluents into the river."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of inundation risk at Bhavani River (stretch from Sathyamangalam to Velliyampalayam) using HEC-RAS","authors":"S. Suriya, Y. Rekha, Philippe Vincent, Kumar M. Madhan, V. Priya","year":2023,"doi":"10.25303/1610da024029","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387381710","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Disaster Advances","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Floods are natural disasters that cause losses and damages to lives, properties and the nature. The main objective of this study is to perform hydraulic analysis using HEC-RAS and to suggest measures to mitigate flood. The study area chosen for analysis is Vellayampalayam to Sathyamangalam stretch which is located along the Bhavani river. These areas are frequently affected due to flood. Field survey is carried out to determine cross section data (width, depth, elevation of the river stretch). Discharge is calculated using rational method. These data are feed as input into HEC-RAS model for simulation. From the results, it was found that the areas around the stretch chosen as study area are greatly affected by the floods. As per field condition, the channel improvement plans were suggested to mitigate the effects of flood."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on physico-chemical parameters in different soil samples from Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"J. poornima Jency, K. Dhivya, S. Rajeshkumar","year":2023,"doi":"10.30574/gscbps.2023.24.2.0295","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385546979","oa_url":"https://gsconlinepress.com/journals/gscbps/sites/default/files/GSCBPS-2023-0295.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Soil physicochemical properties can be regarded as an important tool to assess soil health, which further form a base for biological activity in soil. These soil physicochemical properties are comparable in identical land-uses. However, the changes in land-use types and their effects on soil physicochemical properties are largely debates and rather unclear. Soil serves as an important thing in agriculture because this determines the plant growth and health. The present circumstance of industrialization and urbanization has taken a toll on environment, polluting the soil, air and water. Pollution as well as global warming has exhibited detrimental effects on our natural resources of soil becomes the inexplicable. Failing monsoon rains due to climatic changes, population explosion, and depletion of natural water and soil resources such as ground soil, agricultural soil as well as intentional man-made pollution of agriculture pesticide to soil scarcity. Even the scarcely available water is located by contaminants and pollutants which include mutagens, carcinogens, and pathogenic microbes affecting all the file forms affecting the ecological balance. Considering the above mentioned problem criteria, a part of the present work has been designed to analyze the quality of ground soil around the industrial premises. For this objective, we have collected different types of soil samples from various locations in and around sathyamangalam area in Erode District focusing on quite far away from industrial premises considering the concepts of leaching. Basic physio-chemical properties of soil colour, pH, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, moisture, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium using specific techniques used in laboratory for the samples have been analyzed by APHA standards. These analysis help in the addition of the nutrients of the soil and provide a nutritive indicator value of the sampling sites. Highest possibility of soil quality issues which affects the day to day consumption of soil samples for the domestic needs of the people has been emphasized."},{"kind":"article","title":"Home range ecology of Indian rock pythons (Python molurus) in Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves, Tamil Nadu, Southern India","authors":"C. S. Vishnu, Benjamin Michael Marshall, Chinnasamy Ramesh, Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Gautam Talukdar, Abhijit Das","year":2023,"doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-36974-9","url":"https://openalex.org/W4380992512","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36974-9.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Scientific Reports","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract The Indian rock pythons ( Python molurus ) are classified as a near-threatened snake species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN); they are native to the Indian subcontinent and have experienced population declines caused primarily by poaching and habitat loss. We hand-captured the 14 rock pythons from villages, agricultural lands, and core forests to examine the species' home ranges. We later released/translocated them in different kilometer ranges at the Tiger Reserves. From December 2018 to December 2020, we obtained 401 radio-telemetry locations, with an average tracking duration of (444 ± 212 days), and a mean of 29 ± SD 16 data points per individual. We quantified home ranges and measured morphometric and ecological factors (sex, body size, and location) associated with intraspecific differences in home range size. We analyzed the home ranges of rock pythons using Auto correlated Kernel Density Estimates (AKDE). AKDEs can account for the auto-correlated nature of animal movement data and mitigate against biases stemming from inconsistent tracking time lags. Home range size varied from 1.4 ha to 8.1 km 2 and averaged 4.2 km 2 . Differences in home range sizes could not be connected to body mass. Initial indications suggest that rock python home ranges are larger than other pythons."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethnomedicinal plants used by the tribes in Gunri panchayat of Sathyamangalam Taluk, Erode District, Tamil Nadu in India","authors":"P. Kemila, C. Krishnaveni","year":2023,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps2000-2023-0tr375","url":"https://openalex.org/W4390817189","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Non Timber Forest Products","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Present study was conducted to identify and document 143 species of the ethnomedicinal plants, belonging to 124 genera in 50 families, used by the tribals inhabiting villages of Gunri Panchayat of Sathyamangalam Taluk, Erode District, Tamilnadu in India, The collected data on ethnomedicinal plants may be used for pharmacological research for the discovery of new drugs in future."},{"kind":"article","title":"Groundwater Level Analysis of Sathyamangalam Region, Tamil Nadu, India Using GIS","authors":"V Chelladurai, A BharaniPriya, M Mullaivasanthan","year":2023,"doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1258/1/012005","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388074609","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1258/1/012005/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract The Morphometric and groundwater analysis (water level and flow direction) of Sathyamangalam, having total area of 2.24 lakhs hectares was carried out using geographical information system (GIS). The Watershed characteristics such as slope, size, shape and Morphological Analysis such as linear aspects namely Stream order, Bifurcation ratio, Stream length, Length ratio and Areal aspects in particular Drainage density are analysed using ArcGIS software. And also, groundwater level for four years (2008, 2011, 2014 and 2017) and groundwater flow directions using Piezometric well data were also analyzed. In Watershed characteristics, the size of the study area is 2.24 Lakh ha and designated as sub- catchment watershed. The shape is circular i.e. Fan shape. The total length of contour line is about 11055.86 km and the average slope was 24.68% for 50m interval contour. In Morphological analysis, totally 6487 streams were observed and the total length of stream was 3758.2 km. The study location has bifurcation ratio ranging from 1.56 to 3.62 and length ratio of stream was calculated as 1.678 km/km 2 . In Piezometric analysis, the major water level changes occur in Northwest of Sathyamangalam. Here, the depth of water from the earth surface decreases from 12.67 m in the year of 2008 to 3.95 m in the year of 2017."},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimation of Potential Evapotranspiration in Bhavanisagar Block of Tamil Nadu using FAO ETo Calculator","authors":null,"year":2022,"doi":null,"url":"","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Environmental implications of an open dumpsite at Gobichettipalayam in Erode district","authors":"S Sridhar; M Poornima; N Sivaram; Balaganesh Pandiyan; Geethamani Ramaswamy","year":2022,"doi":"10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012011","url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012011","oa_url":null,"licence":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/","full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract\n               Population growth is a global issue that must be addressed with extreme caution in order to ensure long-term sustainability. India is a developing country experiencing tremendous population growth and urbanization. Small towns and cities contribute less than half of Municipal Solid Waste Generation (MSW) whereas metropolitan cities contribute 70 to 90%. The improper handling of MSW dumping in open land pollutes the ecosystem. It also poses a serious threat to human health. This study aims to comprehend the environmental implications of an open dumpsite in Gobichettipalayam of Erode district. The principal goal of this research is to identify the environmental effects of the chosen dumping site on the surrounding environment. Thus, groundwater and soil samples were collected around the open dumpsite and analyzed for vital physico-chemical characteristics. The soil sample was analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, chloride, acidity and alkalinity and the water samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, COD, BOD, acidity, chlorides, alkalinity, hardness and toxic heavy metals. The elevated chloride ranges of soil samples near the dumpsite and the vital water quality parameters COD and BOD (Maximum 3200 and 500ppm) enforces the immediate necessity of converting open dumpsite into a sanitary landfill. The assessment of the open dump and its effects on the ecosystem found possible contamination issues, raising worries about the environment’s long-term viability. Hence the present study provides the way to go for remedial measures and sustainable technology to be implemented near the dumpsite."},{"kind":"article","title":"Wildfires and aliens: differenced Normalized Burn Ratios (dNBR) indicate that woody invasive plants increase fire intensities in montane forest-grassland mosaics of the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Rasikapriyaa Thanalapadi Sriramamur, Mahesh Sankaran, Ravinder Singh Bhalla","year":2022,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1382178/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W4220711475","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1382178/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Fire is a common disturbance in tropical and temperate savanna and grassland ecosystems. The impact and intensity of fire are strongly influenced by available fuel loads, local plant community composition and structure. Invasion by exotic species in grasslands can alter fuel availability and contiguity and, consequently, influence several aspects of the fire regime such as intensity, frequency and spread. Woody invaders in grasslands, in particular, have the potential to alter fire regimes significantly as they have starkly different structural and physiological characteristics from the native grasses. In this study, we assessed how three woody invaders - Acacia mearnsii (black wattle, or wattle), Cytisus scoparius (scotch broom) and Ulex europaeus (common gorse, or gorse) impacted fire intensities in the montane grasslands of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, in the southern Western Ghats, India. We used the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) as an index of fire intensity. Our results indicate that invaded areas burned at higher intensities than native grasslands. Fire intensities were highest in areas invaded by gorse, followed by black wattle and scotch broom. Fire relationships with long term landscape changes like invasion are currently understudied, and such studies highlight the cascading impacts for ecosystem dynamics like fire with such changes. We also find that such increases in fire intensities as a result of woody plant invasion can potentially have long term consequences for community and ecosystem processes in this landscape."},{"kind":"article","title":"Economic Value of Recreational Benefits from the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India: An Individual Travel Cost Approach","authors":"V. Rajkumar, S. Boopathi","year":2022,"doi":"10.1177/09722661221084162","url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09722661221084162","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Review of Development and Change","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Lectotypifications of &lt;I&gt;Photinia lindelyana&lt;/i&gt; Wight &amp; Arn. (Rosaceae): an Endemic to Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"K. Sampath Kumar, S. Arumugam","year":2022,"doi":"10.36808/if/2022/v148i1/154583","url":"https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2022/v148i1/154583","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Species composition of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in the coffee plantation of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Subha Babu Jayaprakash, Sabu K. Thomas","year":2022,"doi":"10.33307/entomon.v47i1.680","url":"https://doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i1.680","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ENTOMON","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Representing COVID-19 Impacts and Responses on Indigenous People: A Multilingual Media Review in the Nilgiri Biosphere Region, India","authors":"Harpreet Kaur, Jasmitha Aravind, Chandni Singh, Sreya Ajay, Prathigna Poonacha","year":2022,"doi":"10.24943/nbr12.2022","url":"https://doi.org/10.24943/nbr12.2022","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Economic Analysis of Technical  Efficiency of Paddy Cultivation of Erode District in Tamil Nadu","authors":"A Saravanan","year":2022,"doi":"10.34293/economics.v10i2.4517","url":"https://doi.org/10.34293/economics.v10i2.4517","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shanlax International Journal of Economics","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Economic Performance of Women Agricultural Workers: A Study in Erode District","authors":"S Manikandan, S Krishnan","year":2022,"doi":"10.34293/economics.v10i4.5129","url":"https://doi.org/10.34293/economics.v10i4.5129","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shanlax International Journal of Economics","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Knowledge Level of Turmeric Farmers in Erode District of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"M. S. Shanthya, R. Premavathi","year":2022,"doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i1031038","url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i1031038","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics &amp; Sociology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON VARIOUS SERVICES OFFERED BY SELECTED PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN ERODE DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU","authors":"K. Punitha","year":2022,"doi":"10.36106/ijar/5712808","url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/5712808","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Striped hyaena den site selection in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"K. Ashish, Tharmalingam Ramesh, Riddhika Kalle","year":2022,"doi":"10.1017/s0266467422000396","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0266467422000396","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Mapping Foliar Pigment Concentration in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Bodi Surya Pratap Chandra Kishore, Amit Kumar, Purabi Saikia, Mohammed Latif Khan","year":2022,"doi":"10.55863/ijees.2022.0107","url":"https://openalex.org/W4289756066","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.55863/ijees.2022.0107","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study focuses on mapping and identification of the pigment concentration and dominant invasive species in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR), Tamil Nadu, India using optical (Sentinel 2A) and hyperspectral (Hyperion) earth observation satellite images. The Hyperion satellite data-based study exhibited dominance of dense vegetation (40.64%) and moderate vegetation (27.81%), in contrast to low vegetation (15.71%) in MTR. While vegetation indices based analysis demonstrated more accurate results of forest cover through Modified Red Edge Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (MRENDVI) compared to other vegetation indices. The dominance of moderate Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values (0.55–0.6) were observed in MTR with moderate carotenoid concentration (&lt;0.3) and low anthocyanin concentration (&lt;0.2). The study highlights the prominence of Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus , Prosopis juliflora, and Chromolaena odorata in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. The correlation of species and foliar pigment concentration provides a better understanding of the species distribution in tropical deciduous forests in southern India. The study highlights better results in Sentinel 2A images compared to Hyperion images in LULC classification due to higher spatial resolution, while Hyperion images provide more improved classification and diversity for species characterisation due to high spectral agility. The study necessitates concurrent monitoring of invasion in forest-rich regions through the adoption of potential forest conservation and management plans."},{"kind":"article","title":"TRIBAL CULTURE AND LIVELIHOOD OF ATTAPPADY","authors":null,"year":2022,"doi":"10.31032/ijbpas/2022/11.11.6428","url":"https://openalex.org/W4307855165","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31032/ijbpas/2022/11.11.6428","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Attappady is a tribal block in the Mannarkkad taluk of Palakkad, Kerala, containing one of the state's largest tribal communities. Attappady is near the Nilgiri Hills and the Western Ghats, on the boundary between Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The reserve region is home to Irulas, Mudugas, and Kurumbas, each with their unique lifestyle, culture, and dietary habits. This research adopted a Participatory Action Research Method which includes qualitative methodologies and techniques such as interviews and participant and nonparticipant observation. Tribals are a component of Indian culture, and they practise a variety of rituals aimed at preserving the environment. The tribal culture is primarily made up of natural elements. The study shed light on the tribes' primary cultural features, such as their culture, tradition, sociocultural values, rituals, the current state of tribal life, and government initiatives."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on The Situations of Soliga Tribes in Karnataka","authors":"Mamatha, Laveena D’Mello, Gururaj Ganapati Gowda","year":2022,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.7238169","url":"https://openalex.org/W4307089738","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7238169","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Soliga, also spelled Sholaga and Shōlaga, is an ethnic group of India. Its members inhabit the Biligiriranga Hills and associated ranges in southern Karnataka, mostly in the Chamarajanagar and Erode districts of Tamil Nadu. Many are also concentrated in and around the B.R. Hills in Yelandur and Kollegal Taluks of Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka. The Soliga speak Sholaga, which belongs to the Dravidian family. A scheduled tribe, they have a population of around 20,000 individuals. The soliga people of the biligirirangana betta (BR Hills) have captured the imagination of early travellers . Their first mention in written history dates back to the early nineteenth century expenditions to the region sidde gowda, asokliga elder from bedaguli podu, nestled among the moist deciduous forests in the northern parts of BR Hills, recollects an old tale, almost a legend now among the soliga people, the tale of a god-like man wearing bili batte (white clothes; could indicate mordent clothing) who came on a horse followed by several people. Perhaps, this is the only remaining memory among the soliga people of a journey undertaken by a Scottish doctor around 200 years ago. Francis Buchanan left us a journal of his notice from passage through BR Hills in October 1800, perhaps the first ever written record (in English) of the soliga people. Soligas grow ragi and collect and sell nontimber forest produce such as honey and amla for their livelihoods."},{"kind":"article","title":"ECONOMIC VALUE OF WILDLIFE SANCTUARY: A CASE STUDY FROM THE WESTERN GHATS IN KARNATAKA, INDIA","authors":"M. Balasubramanian","year":2022,"doi":"10.20886/ijfr.2022.9.2.239-249","url":"https://openalex.org/W4307747258","oa_url":"http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/IJFR/article/download/6243/5853","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Goods and services of the ecosystem provided by the natural environment have not been considered in terms of their economic value. There are a number of studies that have estimated the economic value of forest ecosystem services in India, but very few studies have estimated these economic values of other important ecosystem services. Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary (BRTWLS) is a unique place as a bridge between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats in Karnataka, India. There are 12,500 Soligas (tribal community) living in this area. Non-timber forest products constitute more than 60% of the Soliga household income. A number of studies have been conducted in the BRTWLS. However, there is a lack of studies on the economic value. The primary objective of this study is to estimate the value of ecosystem services provided by BRTWLS. This study has used the market price methods for estimating the value of provisioning services and individual travel cost method for estimating the value of recreation services, while the value of carbon sequestration and soil erosion prevention has been estimated based on secondary data. This study has estimated the total annual value of provisioning, regulating and cultural services of BRTWLS at Rs 23.9 million y-1. The findings of the study will be helpful to the local policy makers to increase the entry fee at the BRTWLS, as it provides valuable ecosystem services and reinvests the same in natural capital to achieve environmental sustainability at the local level."},{"kind":"article","title":"Documentation of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Anaikatty Hills, Coimbatore, Western Ghats","authors":null,"year":2022,"doi":"10.55362/ije/2022/3581","url":"https://openalex.org/W4283658220","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.55362/ije/2022/3581","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Ecology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"In this paper presented a comprehensive inventory of the non-native vascular flora of Anaikatty hills. The survey was undertaken to document the invasive alien plant species in different ecosystems during September 2017 to October 2019 in Anaikatty hills, Coimbatore forest division, Western Ghats. A total of 98 invasive alien species under 81 genera and 40 families were recorded. Asteraceae is the most dominant family with 16 species followed by Amaranthaceae and Solanaceae (6 species each). and are the dominant genera (4 Cassia Ipomoeaspecies each) followed by and (3 species each). The life form analysis of the invasive alien flora showed that herbaceous Indigofera Solanum species constitute the major life form (73.47%) followed by shrubs (9.18 %), climbers (8.16 %), trees (5.10 %) and grasses (4.08 %). Phytogeographical regions analysis revealed that tropical American elements (57.14 %) are the most dominant. It is an immense need to control the infestations of such alien and naturalised weeds in the natural ecosystem. This can be eliminated by better planning, periodic monitoring and adopt suitable controlling measures."},{"kind":"article","title":"Drought may severely reduce the ability of wild Asian Elephants Elephas maximus (Mammalia: Proboscidea: Elephantidae) to resist opportunistic infections","authors":"B. M. Chandranaik, Vardhaman Patil, D. Rathnamma, G. S. Mamatha, Kanagasingam Umashankar, D.N. Nagaraju, S. M. Byregowda","year":2022,"doi":"10.11609/jott.7835.14.5.20951-20963","url":"https://openalex.org/W4281550960","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT/article/download/7835/8523","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study was conducted to assess the microbial quality of water in forest waterholes in different seasons and its possible impact on wild animals, at Bandipur and Nagarahole Tiger Reserve forests in the state of Karnataka, India, during the year 2012 which evidenced drought, and the year 2014 which witnessed normal rainfall in these forests. The forests recorded the death of 39 wild elephants during April and May of 2012. One ailing elephant was confirmed to have high fever, diarrhoea, leucocytosis, and symptoms of colic. Water samples collected from major waterholes during the peak drought showed higher numbers of coliforms and several species of opportunistic bacteria including species of Vibrio and Campylobacter. In the year 2014–15, with normal rainfall, the death of less than 10 wild elephants was documented during April to May, 2015. We collected water samples from 20 major waterholes every month from June 2014 to May 2015 and assessed the water quality. We found that the microbial water quality improved in rainy season (June–September), started deterioration in winter (October–January) and became poor in summer (February–May). Though, the water during the summer of 2014–15 was equally of poor microbial quality as seen during peaks of droughts, the elephant deaths were relatively lower, signifying the role of normal rainfall in forests which provides the availability of fodder and water, which determines the general body condition and ability to resist opportunistic infections. We discuss the measures suggested and implemented from this study and their utilities at ground level."},{"kind":"article","title":"Periphytic microalgae colonization in mosquito breeding stream puddles of Southern Western Ghats","authors":"MS Arulraj, K Rekha, S Vijayan, S Anbalagan, S Dinakaran","year":2022,"doi":"10.22271/23487941.2022.v9.i5a.631","url":"https://openalex.org/W4306774577","oa_url":"https://www.dipterajournal.com/pdf/2022/vol9issue5/PartA/9-5-4-132.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Mosquito Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"We examined the colonization of microalgae in mosquito breeding stream puddles of Southern Western Ghats, India. In addition, to study the relationship between microalgae and pupal development of mosquito (Aedes aegypti), the laboratory experiment was conducted. For this study, nine different sampling sites from Nilgiri biosphere reserve were selected, Tamil Nadu province, India. As a result, a total of 13 species of microalgae were observed from the field sampling taken for the study. The predominant members of microalgae found were belonging to the class Bacillariophyceae. Among the tested environmental factors, riparian cover influence the diversity and distribution of microalgae in stream puddles revealed by statistical analyses. In the laboratory experiment, six species of microalgae were observed in the container with different combination of leaves. Of these, the cyanobacterial species of Macrocystis had the highest percentage existence during experimental period. Overall, diatomic algae were high in mosquito breeding stream puddles; whereas, cyanobacteria were abundant in the laboratory experiment."},{"kind":"article","title":"Extended distribution of endemic species, &lt;I&gt;Eragrostis nilgiriensis&lt;/I&gt; Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy &amp; V.J. Nair (Poaceae: Chloridoideae)","authors":"V. Jalander, J. Swamy","year":2022,"doi":"10.20324/nelumbo/v64/2022/172431","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388431155","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v64/2022/172431","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Nelumbo","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Eragrostis nilgiriensis Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy &amp; V.J. Nair (Poaceae: Chloridoideae), an endemic species of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of Tamil Nadu is reported here as an addition to the grass Flora of Telangana state from Kamareddy district. A detailed description of the species, phenology and distribution are provided along with images of the species for easy identification."},{"kind":"article","title":"Cataloguing Phytosociological Pattern of Flora in Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, Southern India","authors":"M Packialakshmi, M. P. Divya, K. Baranidharan, S. Geetha, K. N. Ganesan, R Ravi, S. Manivasakan","year":2022,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1872426/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W4286608222","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1872426/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Background During April, 2021-April, 2022, the field survey was conducted in Mettupalyam Forest range of Coimbatore Forest Division which is an integral part of Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve and it was approached in a systematic random sampling method with 60 sample plots of 20x 20 m and 8 transect line survey at 0.2% sampling intensity were laid out in which study area were catalogued with 54 trees, 25 shrubs, 22 herbs and 22 grasses. Results The result revealed that the maximum dominance were observed in Atlantia monophylla (32.20), Lantana camara (43.02), Abutilon indicum (54.87) and Oplismenus burmanii (19.34%) and minimum in Glycosmis pentaphylla (12.32), Euphorbia heterophylla (2.18), Mimosa pudica (2.82) and Melinis repens (0.18%) in tree, shrubs, herbs and grass layer, respectively. Furthermore, the highest Shannon D index (H = 3.08) observed in TL, followed by GL (H = 2.76), HL (2.28) and SL (2.25) along with Simpson index also higher in GL (1-D = 0.92), TL (1-D = 0.91), HL (1-D = 0.86) and SL (1-D = 0.84), respectively. Conclusion Cataloguing flora in Mettupalayam Reserve Forest is the pioneer study which gives scientific and baseline information for conservation of flora in the forest."},{"kind":"article","title":"The Policy Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysing Implications for Indigenous Peoples in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Harpreet Kaur","year":2022,"doi":"10.24943/prcp12.2022","url":"https://openalex.org/W4312687335","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"In this report, we examine the impacts of the pandemic and policy responses to it, focusing on Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which spans Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala. Our analysis reveals that the pandemic and accompanying lockdowns produced new forms of exclusions. It widened existing socio-economic fissures and brought into sharp relief social security systems which were already strained. For example, a widening of the existing digital divide that excluded Adivasi students from online education and homogenous policy interventions that often reproduce inequities based on caste, class, livelihoods, and gender. Policy interventions have, to some extent, engaged with the multiple risks and impacts COVID-19 placed on the poor and marginalised, but few of them attend to the structural inequities of IPs or speak to their differential experiences and vulnerabilities."},{"kind":"article","title":"Fencing Can Alter Gene Flow of Asian Elephant Populations within Protected Areas","authors":"Jean‐Philippe Puyravaud, Samuel A. Cushman, P. Anuradha Reddy, Durairaj Boominathan, Reeta Sharma, N. Arumugam, K. Muthamizh Selvan, Nagarathinam Mohanraj","year":2022,"doi":"10.3390/conservation2040046","url":"https://openalex.org/W4311624470","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7159/2/4/46/pdf?version=1670316315","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Conservation","citations":9,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Asian elephant is mostly confined to mountainous ranges and therefore risks population fragmentation if hard protected area (PA) boundaries near steep slopes prevent movement. We tested whether elephant gene flow is (i) controlled by slope and (ii) affected by the interplay between barriers and slope. We used 176 unique genotypes obtained non-invasively from fresh elephant dung to assess individual-by-individual genetic distance across the Western Ghats of India, a biodiversity hotspot. To assess landscape distance, 36 resistance models were produced by transforming a slope raster. Core areas and corridors were calculated from the raster that provided the best correlation between the genetic and distance matrices. The influence of the closure of PAs on gene flow was examined for one region, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The best resistance raster obtained by transforming the slope occupancy model was better than Euclidean distance for explaining genetic distance, indicating that slope partially controls gene flow. Fencing elephant PAs on hilly terrain reduces core areas and disrupts corridors. Consequently, hard PA boundaries abutting slopes can fragment elephant populations, but this can be ameliorated by protecting the adjacent flatter terrain."},{"kind":"article","title":"A review on ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological potential of traditionally wild and endemic plant Berberis tinctoria Lesch.","authors":"Arumugam Vignesh, Sivalingam Ramamoorthy, Subramaniam Selvakumar, Krishnan Vasanth","year":2022,"doi":"10.56808/3027-7922.2554","url":"https://openalex.org/W4396839653","oa_url":"https://digital.car.chula.ac.th/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2554&context=tjps","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","citations":13,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Introduction: Berberis tinctoria an evergreen shrub, endemic and predominantly found at a higher altitude of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India. This leaf and fruit are edible, which are also used in homeopathic remedies for countless illnesses. Objectives: B. tinctoria with diverse ethnomedicinal uses was focused in the prevailing study to detailed the phytochemical and pharmacological properties for further imminent research in this species. Materials and methods: Published data in this review were all gathered from the online bibliographical databases: PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and local ethnic community peoples of Kurumba and Toda. Results: B. tinctoria was used as a Ayurvedic and homeopathy medicine by the tribal communities. The previous findings of B. tinctoria were used for skin diseases, wound healing, inflammatory, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice, and a snakebites. The phytochemical studies revealed that secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and antimicrobial activity as a result of major alkaloid isoforms of berberine, berbamine, jatrorrhizine, etc. Conclusion: B. tinctoria is an important plant due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals, especially berberine protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline. As a result of its diverse ethnopharmacological importance, as well as numerous commercial products and novel bioactive compounds yet to be discovered for future drug discovery and development."},{"kind":"article","title":"Cultural Documentation and Collection Development: Toda Tribes of Nilgiris","authors":"K Lavanya Nair, B Sneha, Georgy Sunny","year":2022,"doi":"10.21659/cjad.62.v6n200","url":"https://openalex.org/W4393006795","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21659/cjad.62.v6n200","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"The Chitrolekha Journal on Art and Design","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The documentation focuses on the art of Toda embroidery. This document can be divided into an initial ethnographic study and collection development. The first part of the paper starts with understanding the research methodology, followed by in-depth research on Tamil Nadu, its cultures, festivals, and art forms. It moves towards studying Nilgiri and the several tribes that reside within it. Among the different tribes living in Ootacamund and the surrounding areas of the Nilgiri hills, the focus is on the Toda tribes, their life, and their embroidery. The second half of the document, collection development, attempts to incorporate Toda embroidery and traditional fabric into a ready-to-wear clothing line. This is done by understanding the embroidery technique plus additional data from market research, wardrobe study, client study, and trend research, which is feasible for the upcoming season. This project also focuses on providing the people of this community with an opportunity to earn and, at the same time, showcase their work through the project."},{"kind":"article","title":"A new species of Arundinella (Poaceae) from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"M. Murugesan, V. Anusuba, W. Arisdason, R. Tharani, B. Karthik","year":2022,"doi":"10.26492/gbs74(1).2022-09","url":"https://openalex.org/W4283723487","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26492/gbs74(1).2022-09","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Status, Distribution and Conservation Significance of Reptile Diversity in Gudalur Forest Division, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":null,"year":2022,"doi":"10.56343//stet.116.013.004.004","url":"https://openalex.org/W4288492590","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56343//stet.116.013.004.004","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Environment and Technovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Floristic analysis of Medicinal Plants from the Sholas of Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"S Vishnu Kumar, Jemima Danny Kingsley, S Dharani, N Narayanan, S.M. Thejan","year":2022,"doi":"10.22270/jddt.v12i6.5767","url":"https://openalex.org/W4311407127","oa_url":"https://jddtonline.info/index.php/jddt/article/download/5767/5051","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Medicinal plant documentation is a wide field of research to identify the chronicle of indigenous knowledge about plant its usage and scientifically validating the valuable species. Several field trips were carried out in Nilgiri hills between September 2021 – January 2022, covering different seasons, in order to know the phenology of the plants, Intensive and extensive field surveys was done in and around villages in Coonoor and Ooty. A total of 42 plant species belonging to 28 families and 31 genera. The majority of the documented plants were climber (13), tree (9), herb (7), shrub (6) and twiner (1). The part of the plant most frequently used was the fruit (22) followed by leaves (13), root (3), tuber (2), rhizome and bark (1). The main uses of the herbal drug have been reported to have several medicinal importance such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, gastric ulcer, skin disease, cancer, alzhimer disease, parkinsons, anti-hypertensive, hypolipidemic, antifungal, arthritis, rheumatism, lumbago, anti-asmatic, diuretic, anti-septic, anti- analgesic, anti-proliferative, sedative, anti-microbial, antipyretic, anthelmintic. During this survey documentation of medicinal plants seems to be identified to have high medicinal importance. Cayratia pedata, Fragaria nilgerrensis, Syzygium densiflorum and Syzygium grande are some of the very commonly used medicinal plants. There is a need to document the threats which increase biotic interference and climatic change there is an urgent need to create awareness among the local people for the sustainable utilization as well as conservation of these medicinal plants in their original habitat. Keywords: Documentation, Nilgiris, Medicinal Plants, Utilization"},{"kind":"article","title":"Diversity of Woody Flora and Physico-chemical Attributes of Soil in the Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Arumugam Vignesh, Sivalingam Ramamoorthy, Krishnan Vasanth","year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/s40011-021-01279-2","url":"https://openalex.org/W4205433455","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Accessions under Dryland Conditions","authors":"A. Gopala Krishna Reddy, Mohammed Osman, Satish Kumar Yadav, T. V. Prasad, Kripa Shankar, Pushpanjali Pushpanjali, N. Jyothilakshmi, K. Salini","year":2022,"doi":"10.18805/lr-4810","url":"https://openalex.org/W4214912638","oa_url":"https://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/OnlinePublish/Final-article-attachemnt-with-doi-LR-4810-6089603e9087340b9bdcbbb1.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Legume Research - An International Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Background: The research was conducted at the ICAR-CRIDA Hayatnagar Research Farm in Hyderabad, India. The plant material consisting of tamarind trees that were planted in 1998 with a 5 m spacing to improve the morphological and reproductive characteristics of elite genotypes as well as quality among the forty tamarind accessions maintained at the research farm. The experiment was started in 1998 and observations were taken over the fruiting season of 2020-2021 with forty tamarind accessions, the experiments were established in a randomized block design. The trees were identified for their consistent health and development. Methods: Biometric observations mainly average number of flowers per inflorescence, average number of inflorescence per Branch, average number of branches per tree, average fruit weight (g), average yield per plant (kg), fruit, pulp, seed weights as well as shell, fibre, fruit, number of normal seeds per pod as well as damaged number of seeds per pod were recorded and analyzed statistically. Result: Significant differences among the tamarind accessions evaluated, NZB(S), Hasanur #5, Salem 132, NTI-14 and SMG-3 recorded the highest values in all the growth, pod and yield characters. NZB(S) recorded the highest number of flowers per inflorescence (14.62) while Hasanur # 5 recorded the highest number of inflorescence per branch (13.87). In yield attributes, NZB(S) recorded the highest average yield per plant (kg) (15.72) followed by Hasanur #5 (15.09), Salem 132 (14.81) and NTI-14 (14.65). The results revealed that NZB(S) showed the highest mean performance in terms of growth, yield and quality characters. The best performing accessions are being multiplied through vegetative propagation methods for planting on large scale in different locations."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of drip fertigation on yield and water use efficiency of aggregatum onion in western zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"SK Natarajan, G. Thiyagarajan, M. Manikandan","year":2022,"doi":"10.5958/2250-0499.2022.00062.3","url":"https://openalex.org/W4285169068","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2022.00062.3","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Farm Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu during kharif season of 2015-16 to 2016-17 to evaluate and optimize the drip fertigation on water use efficiency, yield attributes and yield and economics of aggregatum onion under different fertigation levels. The research was carried out in randomized block design with four replications. The treatments comprised nine fertigation levels combination with basal application compared to absolute control. Drip fertigation with 100 per cent N, P and K through fertigation (T3) registered higher water use efficiency (60.46 and 78.44 kg/ha mm) and water productivity (6.046 and 7.841 kg/m3) followed by 75 per cent N, P and K through fertigation (T7). Lower water use efficiency (44.75 and 58.05 kg/ha mm) and water productivity (4.475 and 5.803 kg/m3 ) were recorded in 75 per cent N through fertigation with75 per cent P and K applied as basal (T5). Significantly higher yield attributes like bulb weight and bulb number/clump were registered in T3 which was on par with T7. Perceptively higher yield was also recorded in T3 (23.82 and 22.99 tonnes/ ha) that was at par with T7 (23.31 and 22.49 tonnes/ha). Strikingly lower yield was recorded in T5 (17.63 and 17.01 tonnes/ha) except absolute control (T10). However T7 registered higher net return of Rs 1,76,302/ha and B-C ratio of 2.84 followed by 100 per cent N and K through fertigation with 100 per cent P applied as basal (T2) with net return of Rs 1,54,139/ha and B-C ratio of 2.80."},{"kind":"article","title":"CO 54 (IET 24313) : An early maturing high yielding rice variety with marketable grain quality suitable for Tamil Nadu","authors":"K. Mohanasundaram, P. Jeyaprakash, R. Pushpam, K. Ganesamurthy, S. Robin, K. Amudha, S. Manonmani, S. Rajeswari","year":2022,"doi":"10.37992/2022.1303.143","url":"https://openalex.org/W4298629866","oa_url":"https://www.ejplantbreeding.org/index.php/EJPB/article/download/4206/2611","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The rice culture, CB 12588 evolved by crossing CB 04110 x CB 05501 was released as CO 54 during the year 2021 as an alternate variety to CO 51 and ADT 43 with 105-110 days duration. CO 54 is a medium tall variety with a profuse tillering habit, long erect leaves and droopy compact panicles possessing more number of filled grains per panicle. CB 12588 recorded an overall mean grain yield of 6354 kg/ha in various yield trials which was 10.83 per cent improvement over CO 51 and 10.35 per cent over ADT 53. CO 54 has got high yielding potential due to its high agronomic and physiological efficiency and the maximum yield of 9259 was recorded in Bhavanisagar, Erode district under multi location trial. A High yield of more than 7000 kg/ha was realized in 16 locations in an adaptive research trial. Besides yield, the culture CB 12588 has got marketable grain type i.e. medium slender grains with high milling outturn and head rice recovery percentage. Desirable cooking quality parameters like good linear elongation ratio, high volume expansion, intermediate amylose, soft gel consistency and moderate gelatinization temperature along with highly productive plant traits make CO 54 a suitable alternate variety to CO 51 and ADT 53. The culture CB 12588 is moderately resistant to blast, sheath rot, sheath blight and BPH under artificial conditions. The rice culture CB 12588 was released as CO 54 with a higher yield, better pest and disease resistance and good cooking quality in comparison to the checks CO 51 and ADT 53. It is suitable for cultivation during Kar/ Kuruvai/Sornavari/ Navarai and the seasons/tracts wherever early maturing rice varieties are cultivated throughout Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"Study on the effect of different irrigation and fertilizer application methods on yield and water use efficiency in sugarcane","authors":"S Thenmozhi, G Thiyagarajan, SK Natarajan, M Manikandan, J. Bhuvaneswari","year":2022,"doi":"10.5958/2250-0499.2022.00113.6","url":"https://openalex.org/W4313207664","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2022.00113.6","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Farm Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of surface and sub-surface methods of irrigation and the method of fertilizer application on movement of nutrients in sugarcane at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design in plot size of 45 m2 with 2 main plot treatments viz M1 (Drip irrigation at 80% PE once in two days with 1.5 m lateral) and M2 (Sub-surface irrigation at 100% PE) and 5 sub-plot treatments viz S1 (Absolute control), S2 (Manual – band application of N, P and K fertilizers), S3 (Manual – hole placement application of N, P and K fertilizers), S4 (Application of N and K through irrigation water and P as basal) and S5 (Application of nutrients through water soluble fertilizers N, P and K), treatments replicated thrice. The results of the experiment revealed that sub-surface irrigation at 100 per cent PE with manual – hole placement application of N, P and K fertilizers was superior in enhancing the growth and yield attributes and yield of sugarcane as compared to other treatment combinations. Maximum water use efficiency was achieved in drip irrigation at 80 per cent PE once in two days with manual – hole placement application of N, P and K fertilizers."},{"kind":"article","title":"PHYTOTOXICITY, FIELD PERSISTENCE AND BIOACCUMULATION OF OXYFLUORFEN (23.5% EC) RESIDUES IN SOIL ANDGROUNTNUT PLANTS","authors":"R. Sathya Priya, P. Murali Arthanari and N. Jagathjothi Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India","year":2022,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.7360544","url":"https://openalex.org/W4309961377","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7360544","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"ABSTRACT\\n\\nA field experiments were conducted for two years at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during kharif season to evaluate the new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) on weed control in groundnut. Herbicides are chemical in nature, excessive and repeated use may pose residue problems, phytotoxicity to crop plants, residual effects on succeeding crops and adverse effects on non-target organisms. Thus monitoring of herbicides residue in soil, plant and other matrixes are very much important. Oxyfluorfen was applied at five different dosages viz., 150, 200, 250, 300 and 400 g a.i./haas a pre-emergence in groundnut at 3rd day after sowing (DAS) with three replications in randomized block design. Phytotoxicity symptoms in ground nut plant was visualized even at 21days after herbicide spray (DAHS), with a rating of 1(slight stunting, injury or discoloration) and the plants were did not completely recovered. Complete recovery of affected plants could be observed only after 30 DAHS. Field persistence of oxyfluorfen at varying doses applied in soil and residue contenting round nut plant sample were well below the prescribed maximum residue limits (0.05 µg/g) at the time of harvest.\\n\\n KEYWORDS: Gas chromatography, groundnut, oxyfluorfen, persistence, phytotoxicity"},{"kind":"article","title":"Study on the impact of various irrigation methods on soil properties in maize","authors":"S. Thenmozhi, G. Thiyagarajan, M. Manikandan, J. Bhuvaneswari","year":2022,"doi":"10.5958/2250-0499.2022.00059.3","url":"https://openalex.org/W4285272165","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2022.00059.3","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Farm Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to find out the changes in soil physical and chemical properties and soil fertility under various irrigation methods in maize-groundnut cropping system at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design in a plot size of 15 m2 with 6 main plot treatments viz drip irrigation, drip fertigation, sub-surface drip irrigation, sub-surface drip fertigation, sprinkler irrigation and conventional method of irrigation and 3 sub-plot treatments viz absolute control (no fertilizer), recommended dose of NPK fertilizers through normal fertilizers/recommended dose of NPK fertilizers through water soluble fertilizers (according to the irrigation treatment) and recommended dose of NPK fertilizers through normal fertilizers/recommended dose of NPK fertilizers through water soluble fertilizers (according to the irrigation treatment) + vermicompost @ 5 tonnes/ha and treatments replicated thrice. The results of the study revealed that sub-surface drip fertigation with the application of recommended dose of NPK fertilizers along with vermicompost @ 5 tonnes/ha was superior in enhancing the soil physical, chemical and post-harvest soil fertility status."},{"kind":"article","title":"Post Flowering Management Using Plant Growth Regulators in Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)","authors":"B. Kesava Priya, S. Panneerselvam, S. Marimuthu, K. S. Subramanian, A. Senthil","year":2022,"doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i242670","url":"https://openalex.org/W4315795522","oa_url":"https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/download/2670/5337","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Auxin and Zeatin-based nanoformulations in post-flowering management in greengram. Place and Duration of Study: Nanoformulations were standardized at the Department of Nano Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and a field trial was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Methodology: Nanoformulations were standardized by oil in water nanoemulsion technique and effect on crop is observed by foliar spray of nanoformulations during the flowering stage of crop growth. Results: Increased chlorophyll content due to NAA and Zeatin and extended retention of chlorophyll in Auxin-based treatments has been recorded. Hence the crop can produce more assimilates leading to increased seed yield. Zeatin spray also recorded increased chlorophyll, mature pods, number of seeds pod-1, seed weight, pod setting percentage. Such an increase of yield attributes was mainly due to decreased flower shedding percentage. Conclusion: Growth regulators such as Auxin and Zeatin exhibited a significant role in increasing plant chlorophyll content and yield of greengram. Among treatments, Nanoemulsion of NAA @ 30ppm recorded a higher number of mature pods, seed yield, seed weight and lower flower shedding percentage which is concluded as the best treatment."},{"kind":"article","title":"An approach to Climate resilient agriculture farming system using Rice landraces collected from Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Ashok, C Sarankumar, R Kuttimani, A Senthil","year":2022,"doi":"10.25174/2582-2675/2022/124374","url":"https://openalex.org/W4292177990","oa_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/JWR/article/download/124374/47648","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Cereal Research","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to determine the physiological performance of traditional rice landraces under water stress given at vegetative and reproductive stages. Drought is one of the serious threats on rice productivity. Traditional rice landraces shows substantial adaptability to drought so Six popular rice land races, namely Rascadam, Kothamalli sambha, Kaattu sambha, Kallundai, Kuliyadichan and Milagu sambha from Tamilnadu, India and two popular rice check varieties, namely IR64 (susceptible check), N22 (tolerant check) were used to study the physiological performance for drought tolerance. These genotypes were subjected to drought under field condition at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, TNAU, Coimbatore. The crops were imposed with drought during vegetative and reproductive stages by withholding irrigation till the soil moisture reaches below 20 per cent. The experimental design for the trial was factorial randomized block design (FRBD). Photosynthetic rate, Stomatal conductance, Transpiration rate, Fv/Fm ratio were measured."},{"kind":"article","title":"Intercomparision of Drone and Conventional Spraying Nutrients on Crop Growth and Yield in Black Gram","authors":"P. Nandhini, D. Muthumanickam, R. S. Pazhanivelan, R. Kumaraperuma, K. P. Ragunath, N. S. Sudarmanian","year":2022,"doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2031231","url":"https://openalex.org/W4284993367","oa_url":"https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/download/2156/4316","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An experiment was conducted to reveal the effect of drone spraying of foliar nutrients on the crop growth and yield in black gram at Agricultural Research station, Bhavanisagar in Random block design with 12 treatments with 3 replications. The biometric parameters viz., plant height, leaf area, dry matter production and yield parameters viz., number of pods plant-1, haulm yield and grain yield were influenced more by drone spaying treatments than conventional method of knapsack spraying. The results revealed that Fuel operated drone spray of 2% pulse wonder with spray fluid of 75 L ha-1 using atomizer nozzle recorded the highest growth and yield attributes values. The treatment which registered the highest grain and haulm yield of 784 and 1525 kg ha-1 and it was performed better than as compared to foliar spraying of all 19 solution with fuel operated drone the and the lowest yield was noticed in control. From this study it is concluded that fuel operated drone spray of 2% pulse wonder using the atomizer nozzle with spray fluid of 75 L ha-1 is adopted to enhance the growth and grain yield of black gram."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diagnostics of the Tettigoniid genus Conocephalus occurring in the rice fields","authors":"S V Dharini, N Chitra","year":2022,"doi":"10.55446/ije.2022.434","url":"https://openalex.org/W4290611551","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Entomology","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In this study, the genus Conocephalus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) collected from the rice fields of Coimbatore and Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu are taxonomically analysed. Three species viz., C. longipennis, C. maculatus and C. rentzi inhabiting rice fields have been redescribed and illustrated. Occurrence of C. rentzi in rice with description of male genitalia is reported for the first time."},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimation of Meteorological Drought in Bhavanisagar Block using Weather Cock Software as a Tool","authors":"M. Rajavel, V. Guhan, V Vakeswaran, K. Bhuvaneswari, R. Gowtham, S. Priyanka","year":2022,"doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1030902","url":"https://openalex.org/W4283205394","oa_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/30902/58013","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Drought happen aimlessly and there is no periodicity in its event and can't be anticipated ahead of time. In semiarid stations, the event of precipitation is occasional and is known something else for its changeability regarding reality. Meteorological drought is characterized as the time of drawn-out dry weather pattern because of underneath ordinary precipitation. Drought is an extensive stretch of incredibly low precipitation that essentially affects crop result and individuals' prosperity. Recent study has made substantial progress in understanding drought in Tamil Nadu, as well as the implications of climate change, but more research is needed because regional climatic responses remain unknown. The Meteorological Drought Indicator was also a useful and appropriate index for drought monitoring in the research area since it provided drought analysis on a variety of timeframes. This study might help us better understand the features of drought."},{"kind":"article","title":"Enhancing Multinutrients Delivery and Seed Coating with Biodegradable Based Electrospun Nanofibre","authors":"J. Mohanraj, K. S. Subramanian, Sharmila Rahale C","year":2022,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.000576","url":"https://openalex.org/W4409860313","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/109/zdGu2qB7n0GKhyK1Ooxm3xbaLdfjMy.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at ARS, Bhavanisagar, during summer 2021, to investigate the effect of multi-nutrient-loaded electrospun PVA nanofibre on the green gram. The nanofibre developed from polyvinyl alcohol (10%) infused with macro and micronutrients. The nanofibre coated seeds recorded the higher plant height (44.97 cm); crop growth rate (1.5-18.43 g m-2 d-1); leaf area index (0.56-1.84 m2m-2) and leaf area duration (13.29-34.77days). Further, the higher grain yield (854.2 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (1100 kg ha-1) were obtained from the nanofibre-coated seeds. According to the findings of this study, nanofibre technology is a novel idea for the fertilizer sector because it reduces fertilizer use and increases nutrient use efficiency."},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Drone Spraying of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Maize Crop","authors":"K. Kaniska, R. Jagadeeswaran, R. Kumaraperumal, K. P. Ragunath, Balaji Kannan, D. Muthumanickam, S. Pazhanivelan","year":2022,"doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1130972","url":"https://openalex.org/W4285095462","oa_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/download/1045/2091","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","citations":9,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This study aimed at utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle in place of a conventional hand sprayer for the smart delivery of agricultural inputs especially crop nutrients. A field experiment was conducted in the farms of Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. There were nine treatments which were replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The treatments include NPK 19:19:19 along with liquid micronutrient, humic acid, and TNAU Maize maxim at two intervals viz., 50% Tasselling, and Cob filling stage. These nutrients were applied as foliar spray through battery operated and fuel operated drones and were compared with knapsack hand sprayer. Biometric observations such as plant height, leaf area, dry matter accumulation and yield parameters such as cob yield and number of grains per cob were observed during the critical crop growth stages. Foliar application of nutrients through drones had a significant influence on the growth and yield of maize crop. TNAU Maize maxim applied using the fuel-operated drone with an atomizer nozzle (T7) @ 30 lit/ac spray fluid recorded the maximum biometric and yield attributes than other treatments. Improved biometric attributes like plant height of 261.2 cm and 270.32 cm, LAI of 4.14 and 5.15, and DMP of 12354 kg/ha and 18564 kg/ha at 60 DAS and 90 DAS, respectively was recorded with drone spray. It also resulted in a grain and stover yield of 7195 kg/ha and 10942 kg/ha, respectively than hand sprayer."},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration in Bhavanisagar Block of Tamil Nadu Using FAO ETo Calculator","authors":"M. Rajavel, V. Guhan, V Vakeswaran, K. Bhuvaneswari, R. Gowtham, S. Priyanka","year":2022,"doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i1831172","url":"https://openalex.org/W4283592824","oa_url":"https://journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/download/31172/58543","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The FAO Penman-Monteith equation is used by the ETo calculator software to calculate reference evapotranspiration – ETo from meteorological data. FAO chose this technique as the standard because it is physically based, roughly approximates grass ETo in the studied region, and explicitly considers both physiological and aerodynamic aspects. The application can handle climate data on a daily, ten-day, and monthly basis. The data may be supplied in a variety of units, and it can be analyzed using regularly used meteorological parameters. In this study, ETo calculator version 3.2 is used to estimate the ETo in Bhavanisagar. The results revealed that, it is possible to estimate ETo by using the ETo calculator. The concept of the reference evapotranspiration was introduced in this study and the result obtained are used further to estimate the evaporative demand of the atmosphere independently of crop type, crop development and management practices."},{"kind":"article","title":"Morphometric assessment and prioritization of the South India Moyar river basin sub-watersheds using a geo-computational approach","authors":"Annaidasan Krishnan, Jaganathan Ramasamy","year":2022,"doi":"10.1080/24749508.2022.2109819","url":"https://openalex.org/W4292953009","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2022.2109819","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Geology Ecology and Landscapes","citations":19,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present study analyzed the river morphometric characteristics of the Moyar river basin, which consists of seven sub-watersheds (SWS), located in the upper Bhavani River basin in South India. The morphometric appraisal was carried out based upon the digital elevation model using the geographical information system (GIS). The study area comprises the seven SWS. River morphometric parameters have been classified based upon the characteristics i.e., linear, areal, and relief aspects. The drainage patterns clearly exposed effective regional tectonics, and the stream orders of the basin are primarily controlled by physiographic and tectonic structure in the study area. The bifurcation ratio was recorded from 3.8 to 6.2, and the higher values of the mean bifurcation of the all stream orders revealed that the geological and tectonic control of the river basin i.e., SW1, SW2, and SW3. Likewise, the result exhibited that the priorities level of each and every SWS will assist the priority rank such as highest priority was given to SW3 (with a compound value of 2.40), and SW4 (compound value of 5.60) is the lowest priority in the Moyar river basin. Furthermore, the novelty of the study revealed that the three SWS (SWS3, SWS7, and SWS6) are highly susceptible and it requires appropriate sustainable soil and water conservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Biomethanated distillery spentwash application and its impact on soil health, growth and yield of Elephant foot yam","authors":"Jayashree Ramaswamy, M Sharmi, S. Priyanka","year":2022,"doi":"10.36953/ecj.021794-2145","url":"https://openalex.org/W4283707055","oa_url":"https://journal.environcj.in/index.php/ecj/article/download/794/799","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Environment Conservation Journal","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Agrobased industries are contributing socio-economic development of the country, distillery industries are using sugarcane molasses as a raw material for alcohol production. Every litre of alcohol production ten to fifteen litres of waste water generated named as spentwash. The disposal of spentwash is a seroious issue and looking for recycling option to enhance soil health.r Distillery Spentwashis important organic liquid manure contain high amount of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur and also it contains high amount of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, boron and molybdenum. Field experiment was conducted to study the efficiency of Biomethanated distillery spentwash, on improving the yield and quality of Yam at Research and Development farm of Bannari Amman Sugars Ltd., Modur, Sathyamangalamtaluk, Erode district. Distillery Spentwashwas applied in a field with the treatments from 10 to 60 KL/ha and soil samples are collected at initial, vegetative and harvesting stage of Elephant foot yam. The application of spent wash as manure was improved soil health and resulted in increasedroot and shoot length quality and yield of Elephant foot Yam. There was enhanced available N andK status of soil with the application of spent wash, particularly for K.The increase in yield and quality parameters was observed at harvest stage of Elephant foot Yam.Application of Biomethanated Distillery Spentwashat 50 KL/ha recorded higher yield of 38.20 t /ha. Elephant foot yam quality parameters like Carbohydrate, Vitamin C, Beta carotene were significantly increased when compared to control field."},{"kind":"article","title":"Preliminary survey on the Indian wild boar damage in agricultural lands using ITKs in adjoining Tiger reserve of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"S Bargavi, K Baranidharan, Divya MP, P Radha, M Vijayabhama","year":2022,"doi":"10.22271/tpi.2022.v11.i7se.13673","url":"https://openalex.org/W4291139520","oa_url":"https://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2022/vol11issue7S/PartE/S-11-6-430-838.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"The Pharma Innovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Indian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa cristatus L.) is a widely distributed animal in India. The incidence of Indian Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and its harm to agricultural crops were investigated in a preliminary survey. The survey included the major agricultural crops that were damaged by the wild boar and the preventive measures that the farmers have taken to protect the crop from the raiding of wild boar. The study was taken up from the months of December to February (2021-2022) in and around three Tiger Reserves (Mudumalai, Anamalai and Sathyamangalam) with the help of Tamil Nadu Forest Department. With this outline, the purpose of this study is to highlight and record in detail about the tribal communities traditional knowledge on the plants that are not preferred by the wild boar. The survey was conducted in tribal hamlets encompassing the tiger reserves. Through the semi-structured informal interviews, Questionnaire, Interactions during on farm fields, the study has recorded that the wild boar has an aversion to eight plant species and eight traditional methods (five physical method and three biological method) were identified."},{"kind":"article","title":"Annotations and suggestions on elephant proof trenches to reduce human elephant conflicts in Coimbatore forest division South India","authors":"Salahudeen, A Asaikutti, C Gunasekaran, P Rajasekar, T Siva","year":2022,"doi":"10.46947/joaasr432022268","url":"https://openalex.org/W4297217529","oa_url":"http://www.joaasr.com/index.php/joaasr/article/download/268/170","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"JOURNAL OF ADVANCED APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The structural backbone of India is agriculture. Agriculture encounters more conflicts and one among them is the human-elephant conflict. Traditional agricultural system is declining due to modernisation and urbanization and all the forest covers are being converted into human areas. Reduce forest cover and irregular rainfall and drastic climatic changes are much influencing the animals especially the elephants to enter into the human areas for food and water leading to human-elephant conflict. Though the State government and Forest department are necessary steps to trim down the elephant invading issues in Coimbatore forest division, the problem is still persisting. One best solution to calm down the upshot is the Elephant proof trench method. The present study found 510 damaged trenches by Foot survey method, analysed the effectiveness of Elephant Proof Trench (EPT) by Questionnaire method from the village people in the vicinity of forest fringes and collected all previous available conflict data from the forest department.&#x0D; Major human-elephant conflict incidences happened during March and October, high during the rainy seasons. Possibly elephants prefer to raid crops during these seasons for accessing sodium and minerals found in the crops. The present study reveals that Elephant Proof Trench reduced 73% of the elephant visits and 58% of crop damages. We also found EPT minimised the economic loss (58%), human deaths (75%) and elephant death incidences (82%) in the Coimbatore forest division. The minimum loss noted was also only because of the poorly maintained trenches. Hence, it is clear that, effectiveness of the Elephant Proof Trench will be most reliable, if trenches are maintained in a well regular manner. These results will help in the better conservation planning and management of forest ecosystem in future which will not have the human elephant conflicts again.&#x0D; Key words: Elephant proof trench, Human elephant conflict, Forest ecosystem, Agriculture"},{"kind":"article","title":"Group size pattern and distribution of threatened Sambar Rusa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Moyar River Valley, India","authors":"Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Chandravilasam Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Nehru Prabakaran, Chinnasamy Ramesh","year":2022,"doi":"10.11609/jott.7445.14.4.20926-20929","url":"https://openalex.org/W4225006999","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT/article/download/7445/8492","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Sambars are usually observed as solitary or in small groups with fewer than six individuals. We discuss some insights on infrequent larger aggregations of Sambar based on our sighting records between January 2018 and January 2020 in the Moyar River Valley landscape of Tamil Nadu, southern India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Sightings of beak abnormalities in House Crow &lt;i&gt;Corvus splendens&lt;/i&gt; Vieillot, 1817 around Bhavanisagar Dam, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Chandravilasam Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Chinnasamy Ramesh","year":2022,"doi":"10.17087/jbnhs/2022/v119/166047","url":"https://openalex.org/W4389672856","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17087/jbnhs/2022/v119/166047","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (JBNHS)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A note on opportunistic records of reptiles from the Moyar River Valley Landscape, Tamil Nadu, southern India","authors":"Shipra Khanduri, Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Chandravilasam Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Chinnasamy Ramesh, Abhijit Das, Gautam Talukdar","year":2022,"doi":"10.52547/jad.2022.4.4.5","url":"https://openalex.org/W4381546303","oa_url":"http://jad.lu.ac.ir/files/site1/user_files_712157/ramesh-A-10-233-2-25ba170.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Animal Diversity","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A comprehensive record of reptiles found in the Moyar River Valley Landscape (MRVL) is presented in this manuscript. The observations did not adhere to standardized survey methods, and are based on opportunistic encounters during our vegetation survey in different habitats of the MRVL between December 2017 and December 2019. A total of 135 live individuals and 31 road-killed specimens, representing 37 species of reptiles were recorded of which two species are Vulnerable, 13 are Least Concern and 22 species are Not Evaluated in accordance with the criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The recorded species belonged to six families of lizards (Agamidae, Chamaeleonidae, Gekkonidae, Lacertidae, Scincidae, and Varanidae), six families of snakes (Colubridae, Elapidae, Erycidae, Pythonidae, Typhlopidae, and Viperidae), two families of chelonians (Geoemydidae, and Testudinidae), and one family of Crocodylia (Crocodylidae,). The road-killed specimens were recorded between the year 2018 and 2020 and come under Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Though the present work did not follow a specific survey method, the contribution provides baseline information on the reptile diversity of the MRVL and presents interesting findings from the Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves in north-western Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"Characterization and exploring genetic potential of landraces from Western Ghats of Sathyamangalam with special emphasis on phytochemical content for benefaction of Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) Linn","authors":"Kannan Kilavan Packiam, M. Pavithra","year":2022,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1840854/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W4287577873","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1840854/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) Linn. is referred as “brain tonic” in Asia and America owing to its activity on the central nervous system. The plant is also found to possess ample of medical activities has been extensively used as traditional medicine in various culture aspects. In the present investigation, the impact of altitude and season of harvest on the phytochemicals and biological activities of E.alsinoides (Linn.) Linn. has been studied. The root, stem and leaves of the plant collected from different altitudes in the Western Ghats of Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu during the month of July and December, 2016. The primary and secondary metabolites were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using standard protocols. Minitab 17 Statistical software package was used for Statistical analysis. The altitude and month of plant harvest has an impact on the accumulation of the primary and secondary metabolite in the root, stem and leaves. The leaf samples are found to possess significant antioxidant activities which is further validated by the cytotoxicity activity on SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma cell line with an IC 50 of 119.783 ± 0.06 µg/ml. Isolation of individual molecules and its authentication on the biological activity could give prolific results."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of groundwater quality around the open dump site near Sathyamangalam Town in Erode District, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"Geethamani Ramaswamy, Kanmani Subramaniam, B. Soundara","year":2022,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1763288/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W4283259438","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1763288/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract Groundwater sources play an important role in meeting the day today needs of the present generation for various activities such as domestic, industrial, commercial and agricultural. These sources are to be protected from pollution to meet the essentials of the future generation. Frequent monitoring of the ground water source plays an important part. The aim of this study is to analyze the quality of the ground water in and around the open dumpsite near Sathyamangalam town in Erode district and to identify the variation in concentration with respect to time. Groundwater samples were collected from twenty-one locations in around the open dumpsite and analyzed for the important parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Total Alkalinity (TA), Total Hardness (TH), Total Dissolved solids (TDS), Calcium (Ca 2+ ), Magnesium (Mg 2+ ), Chlorides (Cl - ), Sodium (Na + ), Potassium (K + ), Nitrates (NO 3 - ) and Sulphates (SO 4 2- ). Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to identify the quality of water for drinking. From the results obtained, it is inferred that WQI changes with respect to different seasons and different time periods for the same season. Majority of the samples are of poor quality with respect to drinking water quality index. Gibb’s plot, Wilcox diagram and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram are used to assess the suitability of groundwater samples for irrigation purpose. Most of the samples are good for agricultural use. Hence frequent and continuous monitoring of the groundwater quality is necessary to identify its suitability for drinking and agricultural purpose."},{"kind":"article","title":"Investigation of Soil Characteristics in and Around the Open Dump Site Near Sathyamangalam Town in Erode District","authors":"Geethamani Ramaswamy, B. Soundara, Kanmani Subramaniam","year":2022,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-19-6774-0_20","url":"https://openalex.org/W4312068294","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Generalization of threats attributed to large carnivores in areas of high human–wildlife conflict","authors":"K. Ashish, Tharmalingam Ramesh, Riddhika Kalle, Rathinasamy Arumugam","year":2022,"doi":"10.1111/cobi.13974","url":"https://openalex.org/W4284670647","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13974","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Conservation Biology","citations":18,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Fear-induced generalization of threats to noninimical stimuli is a behavioral tendency of humans to minimize exposure to potential threats. In human-carnivore conflict zones, people often generalize their fear of predation by obligate carnivores to nonobligate carnivores despite differences in species' predation rates. We investigated the effect of a perceived threat of large obligate carnivores to livestock on tolerance and perception of striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in an area of high human-carnivore conflict. We surveyed 197 households through asemistructured questionnaire to determine people's perception and tolerance of striped hyenas in Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves after identification of the current distribution range of hyena determined through camera trap and sign surveys. Through the random forest algorithm, we modeled the level of tolerance of striped hyena as a function of loss of livestock to predation and from disease, the perceived threat of predation by hyena, and other socioeconomic attributes. Animal husbandry was a major source of income but was severely affected by livestock loss due to predation and disease. Sixty-nine percent of people were uncertain about predatory behavior of hyena; out of that, 23% reported a negative conservation attitude. Only 6 instances of hyena depredation on livestock and 2 on dogs were reported. Our model confirmed that economic instability associated with increased loss to predation and disease, livestock dependency, and a decrease in family annual income negatively affected people's tolerance of hyena. Perceptual uncertainty related to predatory behavior of hyena also negatively affected people's tolerance. In our study area, economic instability and perceptual uncertainty led to generalization of fear of large carnivores to a nonobligate predator. Such generalization may affect the attitude of people toward many other species. Understanding the role of economic instability and perceptual uncertainty should facilitate conservation of species, such as the hyena, that are vulnerable to false generalization."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on the Butterfly Diversity in the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Vaithianathan Kannan, S Chandrasekaran","year":2022,"doi":"10.31080/asvs.2022.04.0281","url":"https://openalex.org/W4220670276","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.31080/asvs.2022.04.0281","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A checklist of butterflies of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Sathyamangalam of Tamil Nadu State is presented in this paper. Field investigations were made to record the butterflies in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR), Tamil Nadu during December 2018 and June 2019. A total of 168 butterfly species were recorded in the present investigation they belongs to 102 genera, six families such as Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae and Hesperiidae. The Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae was predominant in terms of species richness (39.2%) followed by hesperiidae (11.3%). The family Riodinidae represents less diverse with single species (Abisara bifasciata) in the present observation. This study provided an understanding of butterflies in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve and has prompted further research for restoration of forest habitats in this protected area."},{"kind":"article","title":"NDVI based Image Processing for Forest change Detection in Sathyamangalam Reserve Forest","authors":"Giridharan Namasivayam, R. Sivakumar","year":2022,"doi":"10.1109/ictacs56270.2022.9988184","url":"https://openalex.org/W4313226908","oa_url":null,"licence":"https://doi.org/10.15223/policy-029","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"2022 2nd International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS)","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Forest is backbone of Earth's life. Recently, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic information system (GIS) techniques have detailed information on forest cover changes. The present work envisions that the changes in forest cover are investigated by the high-resolution satellite data (HRSD) with the help of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) based image processing technique in Sathyamangalam Forest, Erode District. The Multi-Temporal imagery-based six individual NDVI maps (2016 to 2021) were fixed using ArcGIS software. The importance of NDVI was performed to notice the changes in the forest cover region. The comprehensive study shows that the changes in forest cover deliberate from minimum to maximum immortal area with 197.17 sq. km (2016) and 364.19 sq. km (2021), respectively. Finally, this result predicts that sustainable growth needs to monitor for further development in the future."},{"kind":"article","title":"Population status of mugger crocodile (Crocodylus Palustris ) in moyar river, Tamil Nadu, Southern India","authors":"Arockianathan; Samson; Palanisamy; Santhoshkumar; B. Ramakrishnan; J. L. Princy","year":2021,"doi":null,"url":"","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Review on ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological potential of traditionally wild and endemic plant Berberis tinctoria Leach.:(TJPS-2021-0061.R)","authors":"Arumugam Vignesh, Sivalingam Ramamoorthy, Selvakumar Subramaniam, Krishnan Vasanth","year":2021,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3200691011","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TJPS)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Introduction: Berberis tinctoria an evergreen shrub; endemic and predominantly found at a higher altitude of the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, India. This leaf and fruit are edible, which is also used in homeopathic remedies for countless illnesses. Objectives: The Berberis tinctoria with diverse ethnomedicinal uses was focused in the prevailing study to detailed the phytochemical and pharmacological properties for further imminent research in this species. Materials and methods: Published data in this review were all gathered from the online bibliographical databases: PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and local ethnic community peoples of Kurumba and Toda. Results: B. tinctoria was used as a Ayurvedic and homeopathy medicine by the tribal communities. The previous findings of B. tinctoria was used for skin diseases, wound healing, inflammatory, menorrhagia, diarrhea, jaundice and snake bites. The phytochemical studies revealed that secondary metabolites, antioxidants and antimicrobial activity as a result of major alkaloid isoforms of Berberine, Berbamine, Jatrorrhizine, etc. Conclusion: B. tinctoria, is an important plant due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals, especially berberine protoberberine group of benzylisoquinoline. Due to its various ethnopharmacological importance and lots of commercial products and novel bioactivities target yet to be discovered for future drug discovery and development."},{"kind":"article","title":"Preface to the special issue on the 1st International Conference on Biomaterials and Biosensor Technologies","authors":"Abdul Rasheed P, Thulasi Radhakrishanan","year":2021,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3169947518","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Preface: The 1st International Conference on Biomaterials and Biosensor Technologies (ICBBT 2021) was organized by the department of biomedical engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India-638 401, and held in virtual mode on 12-13 March 2021.  The purpose of the Conference was to foster the exchange of knowledge between researchers, engineers, academicians and students about the recent innovations and new techniques in the field of Biomaterials and Biosensors. The conference hosted 98 delegates from 7 countries who contributed with 18 oral presentations, 6 invited talks and two keynote addresses on the research issues of current interest on biomaterials and biosensor technologies.\r\nNanotechnology based biosensors and its application was the agenda of the first day presentations and major topics for the discussion were low-cost imaging using mobile phone to detect and diagnose disease in deep learning and video-based gait analyzing system. Video based gait analyzing system to measure hip angle, knee angle, and toe angle has been discussed. The main advantage of this algorithm is reduction in complexity, less time consumption and it helps the healthcare professional to analyses the abnormalities in gait pattern and its treatment planning. In addition, the topics such as the detection of urea in human urine sample using Ureometer and synthesis of multifunctional nanomaterials for the detection of L-Cysteine and water contaminants such as mercury and chromium were also discussed.\r\nIn the biomaterial session, the major topics for the discussion was about biomaterials for different applications. A new injectable formulation for the treatment of osteomyelitis with good injectability and allows the administration of vancomycin locally, in therapeutically effective doses has been discussed. Development of air-jet spun polymeric membranes based on Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) as highly interconnected porous structures for wound healing applications was discussed. Another important topic was regarding in ovo model showing high angiogenesis potential of electrospun chitosan based multilayered scaffold for urethral repair. In addition, the topics such as luminescent nanoparticles from cocoa pod husks as bioimaging tools, Marine derived polysaccharides loaded composite membranes, Clove oil nanoparticles as anti-inflammatory molecules and in-vitro anticancer activity of iron oxide nanoparticles against human colorectal cancer cell lines were also discussed.\r\nThe selected abstracts have been reviewed by Anusha Ashokan, Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi, India-682022 and Arjun Ajith Mohan, Nanoscience Research laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, NIT Calicut, Calicut, India-673601.\r\n This special issue contains extended versions of twelve selected papers from the 1st International Conference on Biomaterials and Biosensor Technologies (ICBBT 2021). This issue is aimed to foster the development of the research on these topics that still stimulate the scientific community in worthwhile discussions and that will keep alive the participation to the next ICBBT Conference."},{"kind":"article","title":"Preface","authors":null,"year":2021,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1059/1/011001","url":"https://openalex.org/W4248989720","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1059/1/011001/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology (BIT) is honoured to bring out the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Materials, Manufacturing and Machining for Industry 4.0 (ICMMM 2020) – A Virtual Conference in soft form. This is an extensive Mechanical Engineering associated conference to take place in India. The conference was virtually held during 09-10, October 2020 hosted by Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam. The conference was designed to be conducted virtually that consists of three parallel technical paper presentation sessions on each day. Authors were given 12 min for their presentation and 3 min for question and answers session. In addition to this, five technical keynote lecture sessions were offered by eminent professors, scientists and leading industry experts on both the days. Q &amp; A sessions were provided to the delegates to update their field of expertise according to industrial and social needs. 182 quality papers were scrutinized out of 230 by the editorial team and they were presented in the conference. The quality of the technical papers is ensured by Single Blind review process carried out by the external and internal experts as a review member. Each paper is checked for its similarity by Turnitin software, and ensured to have &lt;15%. The reviewers suggestions are scrupulously considered as one of the criteria for accepting the 76 papers for possible publication. List of Advisory Committee, Conference Committee, Glimpses of ICMMM 2020, images are available in this pdf."},{"kind":"article","title":"Documentation of Vascular Plants of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"P. Jansirani, P. Raja, Johny Kumar Tagore","year":2021,"doi":"10.36808/if/2021/v147i6/153595","url":"https://doi.org/10.36808/if/2021/v147i6/153595","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Nesting Behavior of Indian Giant Squirrel (<i>Ratufa indica</i>Erxleben, 1777) in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, Southern India","authors":"Samson Arockianathan","year":2021,"doi":"10.5772/intechopen.92337","url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92337","oa_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/72135","licence":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Rodents","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study was carried out on the nesting behavior of IGS in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve during the month of June 2015 to June 2017 (2 years). A total of 192 nesting trees with 279 nests belong to 19 tree species were identified as nesting trees preferences of IGS. Of which Bambusa arundinacea grass species was the dominant nesting grass species of the IGS in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (11%, n = 22). The overall nest height of the IGS was 19.70 m and a maximum height of 34 m and a minimum height of 8 m. The nest direction shows that the North East held the number of the nest (n = 137), and the nest position shows that the Crown (n = 197) contained the number of the nest. The nest position shows that top (n = 220) were contained the number of nests compared to the middle (n = 59). On the other hand, no nest was placed on the down position."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of Dynamic Land System in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Using MODIS Derived Temporal Data Sets during 2001 to 2018","authors":"K. Srinivasan, Sebastian Anand, H. Bilyaminu, S. Haritha","year":2021,"doi":"10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i630430","url":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2021/v11i630430","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Comparative study of microbial inoculants of cultivated and virgin soils of Nilgiri Biosphere for plant growth promotion","authors":"P. Raja, V.P. Santhi","year":2021,"doi":"10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/293-298","url":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/293-298","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Occupational Stress among Nurses in Erode District,  Tamil Nadu","authors":"R. Gopinath, A. Chitra, R. Kalpana","year":2021,"doi":"10.51983/ajms-2021.10.1.2666","url":"https://doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2021.10.1.2666","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Managerial Science","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"COMPARATIVE HEMATOLOGICAL STUDY OF TYPE 2 DIABETIC AND\nNON-DIABETIC PATIENTS IN ERODE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU","authors":"Murugesan Thinakaran, Thangadurai Chitra","year":2021,"doi":"10.36106/ijar/4813855","url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/4813855","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"DYSLIPIDEMIA – TYPE2 DIABETES AND NON DIABETES POPULATION IN\nAND AROUND ERODE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU","authors":"Murugesan Thinakaran, Thangadurai Chitra","year":2021,"doi":"10.36106/ijar/4900437","url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/ijar/4900437","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of Water Analysis at Periya Sadayampalayam Pond, in Erode District, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"T Chitra, T Ashok Kumar, S Uthirasamy","year":2021,"doi":"10.21275/sr21611121211","url":"https://doi.org/10.21275/sr21611121211","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecosystem Changes in Shola Forest-Grassland Mosaic of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR)","authors":"R. Sasmitha, A. Muhammad Iqshanullah, R. Arunachalam","year":2021,"doi":"10.5772/intechopen.95033","url":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95033","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Identifying the decadal forest fire effects on conversion of forest cover to grassland in Bandipur Tiger Reserve through geospatial technology","authors":"Ashwatha K. N, Tejaswini J. S, A S Rayamane","year":2021,"doi":"10.29322/ijsrp.11.09.2021.p11702","url":"https://openalex.org/W3213184947","oa_url":"http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0921/ijsrp-p11702.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Bandipur Tiger Reserve is one of the first wildlife reserves in India to adopt Project Tiger in 1974. It is known worldwide for its magnificent faunal species. This Park is located in the Indian state of Karnataka, The Park spans an area of 913.04 square kilometers. The Park is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and is famous for its significant tiger and elephant population along with sandalwood trees. Karnataka has the second highest tiger population in India also protecting several species of India's endangered wildlife. During recent years, this park has had incidents of repeated fires. During 2019, this park has witnessed massive forest fires which resulted in huge loss of vegetation and life forms. This research paper aims to identify the fire prone areas by integrating vegetation type, past history of forest fire occurrence, road network and human activity. The temporal satellite data from 2009 to 2019 have been analyzed to map the Forest fire areas using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. The areas of the forest which were most prone to fire in these ten years are identified by analyzing the causes for fire incidents in the park."},{"kind":"article","title":"Factors influencing participation of tribes in the activities of forest development agencies in Tamil Nadu","authors":"P Durairasu, C. Sekhar, A. Vidhyavathi","year":2021,"doi":"10.15406/hij.2021.05.00230","url":"https://openalex.org/W4200229647","oa_url":"https://medcraveonline.com/HIJ/HIJ-05-00230.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Horticulture International Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"In Tamil Nadu, there were 32 Forest Development Agencies were functioning in 12 Forest Circles. Coimbatore forest circle is the one in which three FDAs were established and this formed the study area. The study was carried out in Coimbatore Forest Circle following a Multi Stage Random Sampling technique by selecting three hundred tribal households. FDAs were implementing several activities with the participation of tribes to avert man-animal conflicts and to improve the socio economic status of tribes. This study was focusing on documenting the activities and the participation of tribes in those activities. Among the activities, erection of Elephant trenches, plantation development and the Project Elephant schemes implemented by both Forest and Line Department officials have imparted some impacts in reducing the Man-Animal Conflicts by promoting higher employment generation. Because of higher employment opportunities, the participation of tribes were much influenced in FDA activities which are statistically significant at one per cent level. Besides, impact of FDA implementation, Plantation development activities and wild life protection measures are also discussed."},{"kind":"article","title":"Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among economically backward tribes, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"K. Geetha, C Kanniammal, S. Kanmani","year":2021,"doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4361","url":"https://openalex.org/W3137114333","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4361","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"India has the second largest concentration of tribal population in the world. Indian tribes constitute around 8.3% of nation’s total population. To assess the prevalence of Prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among tribal population of Kancheepuram district. Cross sectional study design, Multi stage cluster sampling technique was used, house to house data collection was done for 85 irula tribal people. The Irula are a Scheduled tribe that lives in northern Tamil Nadu and the Nilgiri Hills. They are sort of like a cross between tribals and ordinary southern Indians. structured questionnaire were used to assess demographic variables (gender, age, educational qualification, marital status, family status, occupation, monthly salary and religion). Measurements taken were height, weight, and blood sugar by finger prick method with glucometer. Above 140 to 199 mg/dl considered as prediabetes and 200mg/dl is considered as diabetes. Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among tribes were 49.4%, 25.9%, poor literacy, poverty and substance abuse makes the tribes more prone to prediabetes and diabetes."},{"kind":"article","title":"Tiger Becomes Termite Hill: Soliga/Solega Perceptions of Wildlife Interactions and Ecological Change","authors":"Samira Agnihotri, C. Madegowda, Aung Si","year":2021,"doi":"10.3389/fcosc.2021.691900","url":"https://openalex.org/W3177386971","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2021.691900/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Frontiers in Conservation Science","citations":16,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Solega community living in the Biligiri Rangan Hills (B. R. Hills) of Karnataka State, southern India, have noticed significant changes to the ecosystem of their forest homeland over the last four or five decades. Originally hunter-gatherers, who carried out swidden agriculture at a subsistence level, they were forced to abandon the semi-nomadic ways of their ancestors, and settle in permanent villages when these forests were first declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1974. In this paper, we present the views of Solega elders on the ecological changes that have taken place in the B. R. Hills, along with the subsequent changes in their interactions with the animals that also inhabit this landscape. The Solega way of life is accustomed to co-existing with wildlife, and they worship several animal deities. Their folklore and traditional ecological knowledge are also replete with ways of avoiding dangerous encounters with wildlife. Many of the detrimental ecological changes observed by Solega people are ascribed by them to the halting of their traditional litter fire regime, and the subsequent rampant growth of the exotic invasive plant Lantana camara , which now dominates the understorey in large swathes of the forest. These factors combine, according to Solega elders, to negatively impact the well-being of both animals as well as their own people. We hope to demonstrate how a deeper understanding of Solega language and culture, both essential facets of everyday life, as well as of their traditional ecological knowledge—can allow a full appreciation of the interactions between small Indigenous communities, such as the Solega, and the natural environment. We argue for a greater appreciation of, and engagement with, Indigenous knowledge in conservation efforts in countries such as India, where the protection of charismatic species, such as tigers, is often perceived to be at odds with the rights of small minority groups, such as the Solega."},{"kind":"article","title":"A case study of an organic Agripreneur adopting integrated farming system model at Kullagoundenpudur village of Erode district in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"N. Dhivya, C Karthikeyan","year":2021,"doi":"10.31018/jans.v13isi.2822","url":"https://openalex.org/W3186631819","oa_url":"https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/2822/2072","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the profile characteristics, key facts, and figure by identifying an enterprising organic farmer among many farming groups. The case study method which is a comprehensive study of a social unit comprised of a person, a group, a social institution, a district, or a community was followed to study the selected organic farmer cum agripreneur who effectively used all his farm resources less input usage drawn outside his farm. One of those differed from other organic farmers to integrate all his farm components and carried out farming activity with future market forecast into mind. In addition to that, his farm, which was located in Kullagoundenpudur village of Erode district in Tamil Nadu, had been approved as ‘Model Farm’ on Integrated Farming System (IFS). There existed great scope for doing agriculture as a business activity in future. His business motive, risk-bearing nature and time management strategy helped him to succeed in his business. He also coined that for his success, \"Genetics played 60% role, Technology played 20% role and Management played 20% role\". The study will also motivate young graduates and other farmers to come forward and adopt such farming activities."},{"kind":"article","title":"Study on Zooplankton Diversity of Cauvery River in Erode District, Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Uthirasamy, T. Chitra, P. Stalin","year":2021,"doi":"10.9734/bpi/nvbs/v1/1787c","url":"https://openalex.org/W3193442162","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Many places in Tamilnadu rely on the Cauvery River for their water supply. The Erode District is heavily polluted as a result of poor textile effluent control. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of the Cauvery River in Erode. Planktons are an aquatic ecosystem's primary food source. One of the most significant ecological indicators for assessing water quality is zooplankton diversity. The purpose of this study was to examine the diversity of Zooplankton in the Cauvery River in Erode from July to November 2018, and the results were documented on a periodic basis. The findings demonstrated that Zooplankton diversity is a valuable indicator for the river ecosystem and is impacted by river water quality.In the Cauvery River, the Rotifers are the most regularly observed and prominent zooplankton species. Water quality can be related to variations in biodiversity in a body of water.Zooplanktons are also effective biological water quality indicators."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effectiveness of Solar Fence in Reducing Human–Elephant Conflicts in Manchahalli Village, Mysuru, Karnataka, India","authors":"G. Vibha, H. G. Lingaraju, G. V. Venktaramana","year":2021,"doi":"10.18520/cs/v120/i4/707-711","url":"https://openalex.org/W4242099405","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v120/i4/707-711","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current Science","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Human-elephant conflict is not a new issue in the state of Karnataka, India. Primary conflict involves loss of lives on both sides, loss of property and damage to crops. Solar fencing is considered to be the most effective way to mitigate the conflict between humans and elephants. An assessment on the effectiveness of solar-powered fencing was carried out in Manchahalli village, which is located adjacent to Bandipur National Park (BNP), Karnataka and is prone to frequent raids by elephants. Hence, this area was chosen as the study site. Field survey was conducted between March and April 2019, to estimate whether the installation of solar fencing had reduced the damage caused by elephants on the crops. During the survey, questions related to the following factors were considered: area of land owned by farmers, distance from the forest boundary to the croplands, types of crops grown, types of crops damaged, year of installation of solar fence, damage caused to the solar fence, methods used before the installation of solar fencing and the perceived effectiveness of the solar fence. Among the 30 croplands that were surveyed, majority were at less than 2 km from the forest, followed by others ranging between 1 and 1.5 km. Although solar fencing was not helpful in reducing the raids completely, it proved to be more effective than any other conventional method previously used."},{"kind":"article","title":"Grass species composition in tropical forest of southern India","authors":"M. Ashokkumar, S. Swaminathan, R. Nagarajan","year":2021,"doi":"10.11609/jott.7296.13.12.19702-19713","url":"https://openalex.org/W3209169785","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT/article/download/7296/8046","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Grass composition was assessed by plot method (1 m2; n= 1,749) in three habitats (dry deciduous-DDF, moist deciduous-MDF, and thorn forest-TF) at Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India across different seasons from Jan 2004 to Dec 2007. The grass species richness and availability (per cent composition) varied significantly with habitats. Seventy-four species of grasses and sedges were recorded in all three habitats, with a few species common in all habitats. Grass availability varied significantly in different habitats across seasons and was positively influenced by precipitation. Among biotic factors, regeneration and shrub density had a primary influence on grass availability, followed by herb, sedge and weed density. The principal coordinate analysis revealed seven major associations in the tropical forest. There were considerable changes in the composition and association of grasses when compared to the past. Fire resistant species such as Themeda triandra, Heteropogan contortus and T. cymbaria dominated in the DDF. Grass species Aristida/Eragorstis were recorded in the TF, which were considered as indicators of heavy grazing pressure. Grass species that were reported rare and sporadic in the earlier study were not recorded, which emphasizes better pasture management in the tropical forest. Grass species composition and availability was threatened by invasion of weeds."},{"kind":"article","title":"Rediscovery of &lt;i&gt;Impatiens laticornis&lt;/i&gt; C.E.C. Fisch. (Balsaminaceae), a Stenoendemic and Critically Endangered Species from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Southern India","authors":"R. Tharani, M. Murugesan, V. Ravichandran, B. Karthik, V. Anusuba","year":2021,"doi":"10.20324/nelumbo/v63/2021/167714","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388431792","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v63/2021/167714","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Nelumbo","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Impatiens laticornis C.E.C. Fisch. (Balsaminaceae), a stenoendemic and critically endangered species has been rediscovered from the type locality, Mukurthi National Park, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu, India after a gap of 92 years. The type was collected by Edward Barnes in 1929. Nomenclatural citation, detailed description based on fresh plant materials, phenology and notes on its actual range of distribution are provided here along with illustration and colour photo plate, for its easy identification and future reference."},{"kind":"article","title":"Determinants of Human-Elephant Conflict in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Southern India","authors":"M. Ashokkumar, Sakthivel Chinnaiyan, Sudhakar Kaliyaperumal, S. Shanmugavelu, Ajay A. Desai","year":2021,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-640008/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W3177169633","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-640008/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract\n        Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is a negative interaction between elephants and humans. HEC affects local community livelihood and the success of elephant conservation. The Asian elephant population and HEC were studied in the Niligiri Biosphere Reserve in the year 1992 (Balasubramanian et al. 1995) using this information as baseline data. We have studied HEC in the selected 14 villages located in the Moist Deciduous forest and Thorn forest areas of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve from Nov 2006 to Mar 2008, which were part of the earlier study. The data on crop species, elephant damages, protection method and land-use changes concerning HEC were collected fortnightly by direct enumeration and questionnaire survey. A total of 297 crop damage incidences were recorded. The crop-raiding pattern and the peaks in raiding are during monsoon periods were similar to the earlier study. A total of seven people were killed and six were injured by the attack of elephants in the ten years (1998 to 2008) and results in 1.3 incidences/year. The overall crop damage has declined from 2.1% in the early 1990s to 0.98%. The spatial location of HEC indicated that the mean damage percent was higher in the peripheral areas (1.51%) than in the center of the village (0.18%). There is a major shift from crops grown for food (finger millet) to commercial reasons. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the effective perimeter length (perimeter with cultivation) and total area of cultivation had a primary influence on the crop damage, followed by the area of degradation around the village and percent edible crops in the boundary.  Further, logistic regression on crop-raiding incidences with the independent predictors indicated that among habitats in the MDF the crop-raiding incidences were 95% higher than that of TF. Palatable crop species plantain, paddy, finger millet and vegetable crops were 391% raided more frequently than the non-palatable species. Crops with protection methods were 22% less frequently damaged than the crops without any protection. Thus changes in the crop species, improved protection and land-use changes have reduced HEC in the adjacent areas of Mudumalai TR. The resettlement of villages from the core area of reserve in MDF would greatly reduce HEC in MTR."},{"kind":"article","title":"Rediscovery of &lt;I&gt;Senecio kundaicus&lt;/I&gt; (Asteraceae), a Critically Endangered and Stenoendemic Species from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"M. Premkumar, B. Karthik, M. Murugesan, R. Manikandan","year":2021,"doi":"10.20324/nelumbo/v63/2021/167713","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388431795","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v63/2021/167713","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Nelumbo","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Senecio kundaicus C.E.C. Fisch. (Asteraceae), a critically endangered and stenoendemic species has been rediscovered from Mukurthi National Park, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India, after its type collection from Kundahs in Nilgiris by P.V. Mayuranathan in 1928, after a gap of 93 years. Nomenclature, detailed description, threat status and photo plate of the species are provided here for its easy identification."},{"kind":"article","title":"Wildlife managers ignore previous knowledge at great risk: the case of Rivaldo, the iconic wild Asian Elephant Elephas maximus L. of the Sigur Region, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Jean‐Philippe Puyravaud, Priya Davidar","year":2021,"doi":"10.11609/jott.7620.13.14.20249-20252","url":"https://openalex.org/W4200216598","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT/article/download/7620/8247","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Management of wildlife depends mostly on scientific data; ignoring this can lead to unintended consequences. We take the case study of the wild male Asian Elephant Rivaldo of the Sigur Region, who was translocated out of his range. Rivaldo returned to his home range within a few days, which could have been expected if scientific publications had been consulted. We suggest that a simple checklist of relevant publications can help park managers to decide on a proper management procedure. We also used a simple Bayesian framework to visually show how the probability of predicting a management outcome is increased by prior knowledge. The expensive and risky effort to relocate the elephant could have been avoided altogether if prior knowledge had been taken into consideration."},{"kind":"article","title":"Extent of Utilization of Various Government Tribal Development Schemes by Primitive Tribes Living in Biodiversity Zone of Nilgiri District in Tamil Nadu","authors":"Foumy N Rafeeq, R. Rajasekaran","year":2021,"doi":"10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130748","url":"https://openalex.org/W3208035370","oa_url":"https://journalajaees.com/index.php/AJAEES/article/download/1261/2521","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Biodiversity hotspots have set up to protect at least 10 per cent of world's ecological regions in order to conserve biodiversity and safeguard many facilities provided by natural ecosystems. Biosphere Reserves are representative areas of natural and cultural landscapes that span a large area of agricultural, marine, or coastal ecosystems, or a combination of them, as well as representative bio-geographic domains or kingdoms. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve has richness and diversity, to protect it, the district has been declared as “Organic district” on July 2019. It is also the home to a wide range of human cultural diversity and especially the primitive and vulnerable tribes live in these areas. They are the designated tribal settlers identified by the government and these have their own religious believes, culture and traditions which is extremely different from others customs. They are called as \"Adivasi\" or \"Aboriginals\". So as to improve their life style and lead a better life like others, central government along with state government had bought several development schemes and plans under Ministry of tribal affairs. The Tribal Development Plan (TDP) was developed to proactively solve tribal issues and provide culturally compatible solutions, specifically considering indigenous people. The main objective of this study is the adoption level of government tribal development schemes and plans among the primitive tribes living in the biodiversity zone of Nilgiri biosphere. Thus the vulnerable and primitive tribal societies of like Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Paniya, Kattu naickan and Irular of Nilgiri district have been chosen for the investigation with the sample size of 120, in which 20 from each tribes have been chosen. Pre-tested and well-structured interview schedule have been made and thereby undergone survey. Thus it provided an overall picture about the level of adoption about various government tribal development schemes for their betterment and upliftment in among Nilgiri tribes."},{"kind":"article","title":"Community Well-Being and The ‘invisible’ Subjectivities of Indigenous People: A Focus on The Irulas of The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Jyotsna Krishnakumar, Pratim Roy","year":2021,"doi":"10.18520/cs/v121/i1/37-43","url":"https://openalex.org/W3195966361","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v121/i1/37-43","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current Science","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Barring a few advantages, human development index renders subjective characteristics experiences, and requirements of indigenous communities rather mute. In this article, we aim to highlight the relevance of community well-being as an appropriate tool to measure 'development' and highlight the nuances specific to indigenous communities, focusing on the Irulas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Tamil Nadu. Overall, we found that individual well-being is an outcome of collective well-being, wherein social cohesiveness, traditional practices and cultural identity, all become paramount. These findings also align with the goals of progressive missions like the National Mission on Biodiversity and Human Wellbeing, pertinent in terms of reconciling the erstwhile disregard for development initiatives to indigenous concerns."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFICIENCY MODEL FOR THE PROLIFERATION OF SECONDARY MARKET SUPPLY CHAIN – WITH REFERENCE TO THE INDIAN GARMENT CLUSTER","authors":"G. Suganya, Joshua Selvakumar","year":2021,"doi":"10.22306/atec.v7i3.115","url":"https://openalex.org/W3206790449","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22306/atec.v7i3.115","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Acta Tecnología","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The growth of secondary market in retail garment trade has been a major boost to economic growth in developing nations. This paper highlights the importance of effective forward and reverse supply chain the garment sector as driver for this booming secondary market. A conclusive research technique has been adapted to study the supply chain practices followed in the garment business those in the primary and secondary market. Structural equation modelling is used to validate and test the proposed model for supply chain performance. Cluster sampling method was incorporated. Owners of garment manufacturing firms in and around Coimbatore, Tirupur, Salem, Bargur and Bengaluru region would form the respondent group. A structured questionnaire was given to them to understand their supply chain practices, supply chain flow velocity and flow efficiency and its impact on their business performance. The firms operating under uncertain circumstances in the secondary supply line have adopted practices which lead to appropriate velocity and efficient flow of money, material and information which has been proved through the testing of the model. The velocity and efficiency in the supply line has improved the performance thereby ensuring a more sustainable business for the firm operating in the secondary markets. This study has contributed in understanding the various dimensions of best supply chain practices and its effect on the flow velocity and flow efficiency of the money, material, and information in the secondary market garment supply chain. An assessment of the results of the study has opened a window to the operations of the secondary garment supply chain line in the Indian cloth market which have been more or less camouflaged under the primary market operations. The outcome of the research also shows that these secondary market players have evolved their own strategies to sustain in volatile and uncertain circumstances. These strategies have proved to be very effective in minimizing wastage and increasing profitability of the manufacturing firms. The implications of this study is bound to give much needed support and leverage to the frail and underperforming secondary garment cluster which is a major contributor of Gross Domestic Product and employment ratio."},{"kind":"article","title":"Detection of A1 and A2 Alleles at Beta-casein Locus in Bargur and Umblachery (Indian Zebu) Cattle Breeds by Allele-specific PCR","authors":"A. Raja, R. Rajendran, P. Ganapathi","year":2021,"doi":"10.18805/ijar.b-4273","url":"https://openalex.org/W3135245408","oa_url":"https://arccarticles.s3.amazonaws.com/PublishedArticle/Final-attachment-published-B-4273-6089603e9087340b9bdcbbb1.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Indian Journal of Animal Research","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Background: Many genetic variants of beta-casein in different breeds of cattle have been reported. The A1 and A2 are the most common variants. The breeds of Zebu cattle have high frequency of A2 allele or monomorphic for A2 allele. The current study aimed to screen Indian Zebu cattle breeds, Bargur and Umblachery, for A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus. Methods: A total of 48 Bargur and 42 Umblachery cattle were genotyped for β-casein (CSN2) gene using allele-specific PCR. The gene and genotype frequencies were estimated. The theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA) and level of possible variability realization (V%) were calculated. Result: The investigation revealed the presence of both A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus in both Bargur and Umblachery cattle breeds. The A1A1 genotype was not observed in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.125 and 0.875 respectively in Bargur and 0.050 and 0.950 respectively in Umblachery breed. The study indicated the predominance of A2 variant in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1 and A2 alleles were 0.063 and 0.937 respectively in Bargur and 0.02 and 0.98 respectively in Umblachery breed. The values of experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA), level of possible variability realization (V%) were 0.125, 0.1163, 0.1095,0.8837, 1.131 and 11.88 respectively in Bargur breed. These values were 0.048, 0.0468, 0.0458, 0.9532, 1.049 and 4.79 respectively in Umblachery population. The observed heterozygosity and PIC values revealed the existence of very low genetic variability in the tested populations. The present work will be a contribution to the study on beta-casein locus in Indian zebu cattle."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of socio-economic vulnerability in the selected reservoirs of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu","authors":"Vinod Kumar Yadav, A. Akilandeshwari, S.N. Ojha","year":2021,"doi":"10.5958/2320-642x.2021.00014.4","url":"https://openalex.org/W4313653698","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-642x.2021.00014.4","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Inland fisheries contributed 70% of India's total fish production of 12.5 million tons in 2017–18. Inland fisheries accounted for 8.9 mt with 14% growth in 201718. The inland fisheries had grown in absolute terms, but the potential is yet to realize as the sector is hugely diverse and dynamic in terms of development. Climate change is one of the most critical global environmental challenges of the 21st century. India has to be concerned about climate change as nearly 700 million rural populations directly depend on climate-sensitive sectors (agriculture, forests, and fisheries) and natural resources (such as freshwater, mangroves, coastal zones, grasslands, and biodiversity) for their subsistence and livelihoods. Climate change has and will have an impact on inland fisheries with its influence with other anthropogenic stressors. A study was conducted in reservoirs, the sleeping giants with vast potential to contribute to total fish production on vulnerability and climatic variables. The climatic data of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu were collected from the Indian Meteorological Department and reservoir fish production from the State Fisheries Department. The secondary data from the Census of India 2011 and 2001, various government departments formed data sources. Socio-Economic Vulnerability Index (SEVI) values of all four reservoirs ranged from low to moderate, with Bhavanisagar block being the least vulnerable and Ambegaon block being the most vulnerable. There are no significant differences in vulnerability between fishing and non-fishing villages. A graphical 2D decision matrix and identification of drivers and buffers provide a snapshot of villages’ vulnerability level based on sensitivity and adaptive capacity."},{"kind":"article","title":"Changes in the physiological and biochemical activities of traditional rice landraces affected by water stress during reproductive stage under field condition","authors":"S. Ashok, CN Chandrasekhar, A. Senthil, P. Jeyaprakash, K. Srinivasan, Prabhakaran Nk","year":2021,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3129857212","oa_url":"https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2021/vol10issue1/PartAG/10-1-433-120.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to determine the physiological performance of traditional rice landraces under water stress given at reproductive stage. Drought is one of the serious threats on rice productivity. Traditional rice landraces shows substantial adaptability to drought so Six popular rice land races, namely Rascadam, Kothamalli samba, Kaattu samba, Kallundai, Kuliyadichan and Milagu samba from Tamilnadu, India and two popular rice check varieties, namely IR64 (susceptible check), N22 (tolerant check) were used to study the physiological performance for drought tolerance. These genotypes were subjected to drought under field condition at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, TNAU, Coimbatore. The crops were imposed with drought during reproductive stage by withholding irrigation till the soil moisture reaches below 20 per cent. The experimental design for the trial was factorial randomized block design (FRBD). Chlorophyll Index (CSI), Soluble protein, Catalase activity and Nitrate reductase activity were measured."},{"kind":"article","title":"Study on Irrigation and Fertigation Scheduling for Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) through Subsurface Drip Irrigation","authors":"M. Manikandan, G. Thiyagarajan","year":2021,"doi":"10.9734/bpi/cras/v13/11364d","url":"https://openalex.org/W3198246186","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) under Sub Surface Drip Irrigation (SSDI) is becoming popular among the farmers because of high output with minimum input. Even though the benefits of SSI under SSDI are understood by farmers, development of optimal irrigation and fertigation schedule is very much necessary. Field trials were carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar for three years to develop an optimal irrigation and fertigation schedule for SSI for Western Agro climatic zone. The experiment was taken in randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of eight treatments of which six treatments comprised of SSDI with three irrigation regimes of 100, 80 and 60% pan evaporation and two fertigation levels of 100 and 75% of recommended N &amp; K and two treatments in surface drip irrigation (SDI) with 100 % pan evaporation (PE) + 100% RD and 100% PE + 75% RD of N&amp;K through fertigation. The results of this study revealed that SSDI with 60 per cent PE + 100 per cent RD of N&amp;K through fertigation recorded lower water use (1004 mm) and higher WUE (113 kg/ha mm). However, significantly higher and comparable yield of sugarcane (148 t/ha) was recorded in SSDI with 100 % PE + 100 pe cent RD of N&amp;K through fertigation and surface drip irrigation with 100% PE + 100% RD of N&amp;K through fertigation. The net return (Rs. 2,09,405 per ha) and B:C ratio (2.6) were higher in SSDI with 100% PE + 100% RD of N&amp;K through fertigation treatment."},{"kind":"article","title":"Socio-economic dimensions","authors":"Arockiam Kulandai","year":2021,"doi":"10.4324/9780429328336-5","url":"https://openalex.org/W3197533571","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Macro theories are the structural and objective conditions which act as the push and pull factors for migration. Regarding economic migration, push factors are unemployment, low salaries or low per capita income relative to the country of destination. Meso theories reject the macro and focus on push and pull factors, instead locating migration flows within a complex system of linkages between states. Micro theories often draw on rational choice theory, which makes a number of assumptions about how and why individuals take decisions to leave. The general profile consists of the following variables: sex, age, religion, occupation, and monthly income. The chapter deals with the camp life of Sri Lankan refugees in the host country, the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Gummidipoondi and Bhavanisagar Camps have got a good playground infrastructure where children and adults play football or volleyball. Most of the respondents expressed that they are able to perform religious activities in the camps."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of Groundwater quality and suitability for irrigation using hydro-chemical process in Bhavani taluk, Erode District, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"Jabar Abdul Bari, Karthikeyan Perumal, Subagunasekar Muthuramalingam","year":2021,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-725167/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W3186610766","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-725167/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on the Water Quality Assessment of Bhavani River in Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Ramakrishnan, G Anusha, K Kirupasankar, Chapalamadugu Venkatesh, S. Pradeep","year":2021,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1145/1/012068","url":"https://openalex.org/W3164186514","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1145/1/012068/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract In many parts of India, rivers and streams are the major source of water for household and irrigation purposes. Due to increased human population and industrialization, the water gets highly polluted as the sewage and household wastes, agricultural wastes, and other wastes from factories are directly discharged into the river. Pollution of river water can have harmful effects on living beings and makes water unsuitable for various needs. Thus, it is required to check the quality of water at well-ordered time intervals as the physical, chemical and biological parameters of the water will be changed. In this study, six samples from both Upper Bhavani River in Coimbatore district and Lower Bhavani River in Erode district were collected at various locations and examined for water quality parameters to know its suitability for various needs. Water samples collected were examined for water quality parameters such as electrical conductivity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, sulphate, chloride, hardness, turbidity and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Based on the water quality analysis results, Water Quality Index was formulated. The overall quality of water was assessed using the WQI values and necessary solutions are suggested to improve the quality of water."},{"kind":"article","title":"The overshadow of the human evolvement process in the dynamics of soil drift of an agricultural watershed in Nilgiri Hills, India","authors":"R. Sangeetha, Neelakanda Pillai Kanniperumal Ambujam","year":2021,"doi":"10.17221/105/2020-swr","url":"https://openalex.org/W3115162187","oa_url":"http://agriculturejournals.cz/doi/10.17221/105/2020-SWR.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Soil and Water Research","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Nilgiri Biosphere, being one of the critical catchments, a small agricultural watershed of Udhagamandalam has been analysed to show the need to improve the agriculture by reducing the soil erosion. For this study, the land use and land cover classification was undertaken using Landsat images to highlight the changes that have occurred between 1981 and 2019. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method and the Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in this study to determine the soil erosion vulnerability of Sillahalla watershed in the Nilgiri Hills in Tamilnadu. This study will help to promote the economic development of the watershed with proper agricultural planning and erosion management. This study focuses on the estimation of the average annual soil loss and to classify the spatial distribution of the soil loss as a map with the RUSLE method and GIS. To estimate the average annual soil loss of the study area, GIS layers of the RUSLE factors like rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover management (C) and conservation practice (P) were computed in a raster data format. The total soil loss and average annual soil loss of the study area for 1981-1990,1991-2000, 2001-2010, 2011-2019 were found to be 0.2, 0.254, 0.3, 0.35 million t/year and 31.33, 37.78, 46.7, 51.89 t/ha/year, respectively. The soil erosion rate is classified into different classes as per the FAO guidelines and this severity classification map was prepared to identify the vulnerable areas."},{"kind":"article","title":"Freshwater fishes of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats of Karnataka, India","authors":"Naren Sreenivasan, Neethi Mahesh, Rajeev Raghavan","year":2021,"doi":"10.11609/jott.6778.13.1.17470-17476","url":"https://openalex.org/W3124683968","oa_url":"https://www.threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/6778/7288","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":13,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The ichthyofauna of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of 58 species belonging to 18 families and 44 genera of which close to 25% are endemic to the Western Ghats region, and eight are endemic to the Cauvery River system namely, Dawkinsia arulius, Dawkinsia rubrotinctus, Hypselobarbus dubius, H. micropogon, Kantaka brevidorsalis, Labeo kontius, Tor remadevii and Hemibagrus punctatus. Eight species found in Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary are threatened, including two (Tor remadevii and Hemibagrus punctatus) listed as ‘Critically Endangered’, four species (Dawkinsia arulius, Hypselobarbus dubius, H. micropogon, and Silonia childreni) as ‘Endangered’ and two (Hyporhamphus xanthopterus and Wallago attu) as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List."},{"kind":"article","title":"Population status of mugger crocodile (Crocodylus Palustris ) in moyarriver, Tamil Nadu, Southern India","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, Palanisamy Santhoshkumar, B. Ramakrishnan, Jabamalainathan Leona Princy","year":2021,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3134315762","oa_url":"https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/population-status-of-mugger-crocodile-crocodylus-palustris--in-moyarriver-tamil-nadu-southern-india.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International journal of pure and applied zoology (Online)/International journal of pure and applied zoology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Mugger crocodile is “Keystone Species” species of aquatic ecosystem and is most common and widely distributed in India. Survey was carried out from October 2014 to April 2015 and April 2016 to October 2016 in Moyar River (36km river stretch of Belmeen Kadavu to Kallampalayam). Present study, we describe the current population status and basking behavior of Mugger crocodile in Moyar River in Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Survey period, a total of 81 (2.89 ± 0.41) individuals were recorded in a 63 sightings, of which 45 individuals were adults, 28 individuals were sub adults and eight individuals were juveniles. Most of the basking substrates was rocks (53 %) and frequently basked from 0900 hrs -1100 hrs. Muggers in Moyar River are unique example of man living in harmony with animals and suitable for the future conservation in Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"Magnetic fabric analysis of meta-ultramafic rocks and associated gneisses from the Moyar Shear Zone, Southern Granulite Terrane, India","authors":"M.A.Y.A. Omer, A.P. Pradeepkumar","year":2021,"doi":"10.1016/j.ringps.2021.100017","url":"https://openalex.org/W3161382522","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666828921000080/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Results in Geophysical Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The magnetic fabric of the meta-ultramafic rocks and the associated gneisses in the Wayanad district, in the Moyar Shear Zone (MOSZ) of the Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT) of the state of Kerala, in India has been investigated using Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) and its low-field variation, as well as temperature variation of magnetic susceptibility vs temperature (Tc). The dominant magnetic minerals that control and contribute to the magnitude of the AMS were quantified and the regional deformation in the area and its effects on the rock types deciphered. The mean bulk susceptibility of the two rock types indicates the ferromagnetic character in the area. Ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic minerals – magnetite and maghemite – are the major magnetic mineral contributors of AMS in the meta-ultramafic rocks of Wayanad whereas the mafic minerals – garnet, hornblende, biotite, and pyroxene – influence the magnetic bulk susceptibility in the gneisses. The development of fabric in the meta-ultramafics of Wayanad has an intimate evolutionary relationship with the gneisses and the shear zone itself. This has been demonstrated by magnetic and field-based studies. Both the magnetic foliation of the meta-ultramafics and the gneisses have orientations that fit well with the occurrence of the meta-ultramafic body in the field within the orientation of the Moyar Shear Zone."},{"kind":"article","title":"Changes of Land Use Land Cover in Bandipur National Park","authors":"Ravi Kumar, A. Tabassum","year":2021,"doi":"10.53989/bu.ge.v10i1.4","url":"https://openalex.org/W4405116502","oa_url":"https://sciresol.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/srs-j/bu_journals/GE/pdf/volume-10/Issue-1/GE_v10i1_4.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Geo Eye","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This study mainly focusses on changes of land use land cover (LULC) in Bandipur National Park in 2001, 2011and 2019. Methodology have been used for LULC analysis, downloaded satellite imageries of Landsat 8 (OLI) for 2019, Landsat (ETM+) for 2001, and Landsat 4-5 (TM) for 2011. with the help of Geoinformatics tools clipped the area with 5 km buffer in context to our study area and processed it with supervised classification of water, dense forest, open forest, urban, agriculture, current fallow to get LULC map for the study area. In three decades, areawise changes noticed in LULC analysis revealed the open forest is more than the dense forest as it is getting decreased. The area under water is also getting decreased in the past two decades. The total area under cultivation i.e., areas under agriculture and horticulture have increasing. And the urban is increasing in the Bandipur National Park (BNP) by 1% in all the three decadal period. Keywords: Land Use Land Cover (LULC); Bandipur National Park (BNP); Landsat"},{"kind":"article","title":"A bifurcated tail in a Common House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) from the Moyar River Valley, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Chinnasamy Ramesh","year":2021,"doi":"10.17161/randa.v28i2.15254","url":"https://openalex.org/W3186231061","oa_url":"https://journals.ku.edu/reptilesandamphibians/article/download/15254/14062","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Reptiles & Amphibians","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Peer review declaration","authors":null,"year":2021,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1059/1/011002","url":"https://openalex.org/W4238374637","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1059/1/011002","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. Type of peer review: Single-blind Each paper is plag checked using Turnitin software and undergone two reviews by the subject experts, and the reviewer comments are incorporated and verified to ensure the quality of the manuscript and then submitted to the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering for possible publication. • Conference submission management system: Easychair • Number of submissions received: 110 • Number of submissions sent for review: 90 • Number of submissions accepted: 76 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 69.09 % • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 48 • Any additional info on review process: All the papers were checked for similarity before and after review process and it is maintained to have less than 15% similarity. • Contact person for queries: Dr.M.Kumar Assistant Professor Level III, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of technology, Sathyamangalam-638401, TamilNadu, India. E-mail: kumarm@bitsathy.ac.in Mr.D.Dinesh Assistant Professor Level II, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of technology, Sathyamangalam-638401, TamilNadu, India. E-mail: dineshd@bitsathy.ac.in"},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecological importance of two large heritage trees in Moyar River valley, southern India","authors":"Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Nehru Prabakaran, Vishnu Sreedharan Nair, Chinnasamy Ramesh","year":2021,"doi":"10.11609/jott.6095.13.1.17587-17591","url":"https://openalex.org/W3124452651","oa_url":"https://www.threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/6095/7274","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Large old trees are critical to maintaining biodiversity in forested landscapes, however, they are often overlooked in forest management and conservation. This article exemplifies the ecological importance of two such large trees that belong to Terminalia arjuna and Hardwickia binata in the Moyar River valley landscape of Tamil Nadu, India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Size Matters: First record of minimum male size at maturity and mating of free-ranging, endangered Indian Python Python molurus","authors":"Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Chinnasamy Ramesh, Vedagiri Thirumurugan, Chinnakunjan Sathish","year":2021,"doi":"10.53562/ajcb.aqoe1932","url":"https://openalex.org/W3179618899","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.53562/ajcb.aqoe1932","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Conservation Biology","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Indian python Python molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) is one of the world’s giant snakes with maximum lengths measured six to eight meters. Nevertheless, information on the size at maturity of P. molurus is not available. On February 9, 2019, 12:56 pm, one female and two males were observed during the group mating in Moyar River Valley Landscape, Southern India. We report the first observation on smallest male measuring 198 cm total length, 172 cm snoutvent length and weighing 3.3.kg mated with a radio-tagged larger female. At the end of the mating event everted hemi penis were observed in the male pythons. Our observation on the mating and morphology details of P. molurus gives the first glimpse of juvenile the male maturity that representing the youngest known free-ranging matured male of this poorly studied species in its distribution range."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Conventional, Non-conventional Organic Sources and Industrial By-Products on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays)","authors":"C. Dhayanithi N. Sathiyabama, N. Sabapathi","year":2021,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1007.066","url":"https://openalex.org/W3195450398","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/10-7-2021/C. Dhayanithi, et al.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to study the response of conventional, non-conventional organic sources and industrial by-products in yield maximization of maize at the farmer’s field in Karapadi village, Sathyamangalam taluk, Erode district located in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu during April to June 2018. The present study was made to evaluate the extent of contribution RDF as control, 100 % RDF + Municipal solid waste compost @ 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and 75 % RDF with Municipal solid waste compost @ 10 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, 100 % RDF with bio-compost @ 2.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and 75 % RDF with bio-compost @ 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, 100 % RDF with Bagasse Ash @ 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and 75% RDF with Bagasse Ash @ 10 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, 100 % RDF with Rice Husk Ash @ 5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> and 75 % RDF with Rice Husk Ash @ 10 t ha<sup>-1</sup> on growth, yield of maize. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design (RBD).75% RDF + MSWC @ 10 t ha<sup>-1</sup> significantly produced taller plants, Leaf length, Leaf breadth, Leaf area per plant and higher LAI, while on contrary, the 75 % RDF + Bagasse Ash @ 10 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>did not favor the growth parameters conspicuously. 75% RDF + MSWC @ 10 t ha<sup>-1</sup>treatments significantly enhanced the Yield parameters like Cob length, Cob girth, Number of grains per cob, Grain weight per cob, 100 grain weight, Number of kernel rows per cob, Number of kernels per row when compared to the control. Among the treatment, The application of 75% RDF + MSWC @ 10 t ha<sup>-1</sup>edged over the other treatments and resulted highest grain yield (10.09 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and Stover yield (11.55 t ha<sup>-1</sup>)."},{"kind":"article","title":"Camptothecin: An anticancer drug from Pestalotiopsis microspora Mh458929 – An endophytic fungus isolated from an ethnopharmacologically important medicinal plant Cordia dichotoma G. forst","authors":"KannanKilavan Packiam, M. Dhakshinamoorthy","year":2021,"doi":"10.4103/pm.pm_417_20","url":"https://openalex.org/W3168786748","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Pharmacognosy Magazine","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Background: Endophytic fungi that live asymptomatically inside the plant tissues have novel bioactive metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities, especially against cancer. Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. play a significant role in traditional medicines and therapeutics. Leaves and bark have been used as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Objectives: Isolation, screening, and in silico toxicity evaluation of camptothecin (CPT) from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora MH458929. Materials and Methods: Endophytic fungus was isolated from leaves of C. dichotoma collected from Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve forest (STRF), Tamil Nadu. The wild strain was identified by 18S rDNA sequencing. Modified potato dextrose broth was used as a screening medium for the presence of CPT. CPT was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Compounds identified by ESI-MS from fungal extract were further studied for their in silico toxicity study against Daphnia magna, Tetrahymena pyriformis, Pimephales promelas, and Rattus sp. Bioaccumulation factors, developmental toxicity, and mutagenicity were studied by the quantitative structure–activity relationship model – Toxicity Estimation Software Tool. Results: Endophytic fungus P. microspora produced a maximum yield of 0.691 mg/L of CPT. CPT derivatives were identified at m/z of 349.10, 363.08, and 389.41 through ESI-MS analysis. In silico toxicity study revealed that compounds were of Category D and hence considered nontoxic to higher organisms. However, compounds showed high toxicity for lower organisms, with toxicity order D. magna > T. pyriformis > P. promelas > rat. Conclusion: The present study is the first report to screen, isolate, and analyze the CPT's in silico toxicity and its derivatives from endophytic fungus P. microspora from STRF. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to utilize CPT and its derivatives in pharmaceuticals."},{"kind":"article","title":"Population survey of the highly threatened Gyps vultures in Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai tiger reserves, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"S. Chandrasekaran, Vaithianathan Kannan","year":2021,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3183232808","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos' Print/Zoos' print","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Exergy Analysis on Performance of Groundnut Solar Dryer with Forced Convection","authors":"C Subramaniyan, K.B. Prakash, B. Kalidasan, N. Bhuvanesh, A. Amarkarthik","year":2021,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/1059/1/012056","url":"https://openalex.org/W3132777679","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/1059/1/012056/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract The moisture present in the farming yields and in seeds is one of the greatest affecting factors which are playing a major role in storing it for longer days. The quality of products can be increased by preventing the formation of bacteria, yeast, etc. The moisture content present in the groundnut must be between 10 to 15% (weight basis). In this study a numerical analysis was investigated on a solar dryer, which is used to diminish the moisture content present in the groundnut to preserve it for longer days. The performance analyses of forced convection solar dryer with dryer compartment were analysed based on local ambient conditions at sathyamangalam for various required design and operating parameters such as moisture removal rate, air mass flow rate, air inlet, and outlet temperature. The proposed basic solar collector aperture area is about 2 m 2 which is made of the copper plate as an absorber plate coated with black powder coating for better absorption. The moisture content present in the freshly harvested groundnut varies from 25-30 % (weight basis). The analysis was done for drying groundnut to remove the moisture content to the required moisture level of 10% by utilizing solar energy. The results from the study illustrate that the Efficiency of dryer is a maximum of 39.2% for the optimized mass flow rate of 0.022 kg/s and also it was found that the dryer overall efficiency and average collector temperature is gradually decreasing for increasing the mass flow rate."},{"kind":"article","title":"Grass Flora of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Eastern Ghats, India","authors":"L. Prakash, P. Balasubramanian","year":2021,"doi":"10.36808/if/2021/v147i1/151341","url":"https://openalex.org/W4248833635","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A systematic survey was carried out during November 2013 to October 2019 to document the grass flora occurring in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Eastern Ghats in India. A total of 175 species belonging to 73 genera and 8 subfamilies were recorded. Panicoideae is the most dominant subfamily with 112 species followed by Chloridoideae (41 species). Among the 71 genera recorded, Eragrostis is the dominant genus (15 species) followed by Panicum (10 species) and Digitaria (8 species). Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve harbours 37.55% of Tamil Nadu state's grass flora."},{"kind":"article","title":"Experimental and numerical evaluation on performance of potable water productivity with rectangular fins basin triangular solar still","authors":"Subramaniyan Chinnasamy, K.B. Prakash, A. Amarkarthik, B. Kalidasan, S. Mohan Kumar","year":2021,"doi":"10.36909/jer.icmmm.15651","url":"https://openalex.org/W3214967708","oa_url":"https://kuwaitjournals.org/jer/index.php/JER/article/download/15651/2825","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Engineering Research","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Demand and conservation for potable water has become a foremost concern world-wide. Many technologies were adapted for converting the saline water to potable water to meet the required demand on water conservation. In the current research work triangular solar still with rectangular-fins attached to the basin is proposed to enhance the output of potable water from the solar still setup. Solar still with and without rectangular-fins on the basin are fabricated for experimental comparison and evaluation in addition to numerical investigations. Thermal Performance, instantaneous efficiency and potable water output of the proposed solar still &amp; base solar still are investigated during March month for the location of Sathyamangalam. Investigation shows enhancement of water production in the proposed solar still by 41% higher compared to the base still. The maximum distillate output from modified still and base still for a typical day is 3.1 liter and 2.2 liter respectively."},{"kind":"article","title":"Albino wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Tamil Nadu, Southern India","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, Nagarajan Krishnakumar, B. Ramakrishnan, Jabamalainathan Leona Princy","year":2021,"doi":"10.12933/therya_notes-21-45","url":"https://openalex.org/W3195620949","oa_url":"http://mastozoologiamexicana.com/ojs/index.php/theryanotes/article/download/74/117","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Therya notes","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Albinism is a hypo-pigmentary disorder with a total lack of melanins in hairs, eyes, and skin due to the heritable absence of functional tyrosinase enzyme in pigment cells affecting all skin and hairs, resulting in a total white fur with red eyes. On 10th August 2019, 11:30 am during a fieldwork we recorded an albino male wild boar in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Unfortunately, numerous records of this kind of colour aberrations were not reported properly. In this note we highlight the importance of photographs as an important tool for documentation about natural history. This observation is limelight into the scientific community to better recognizing this phenomenon and the insights into the ecological and physiological implications of this situation, which has a major influence on animal survival."},{"kind":"article","title":"A STUDY ON MORAL REASONING AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SATHYAMANGALAM TALUK OF ERODE DISTRICT","authors":"Et. al. Father Sri Marshal Joseph","year":2021,"doi":"10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.1201","url":"https://openalex.org/W3156016218","oa_url":"https://turcomat.org/index.php/turkbilmat/article/download/1201/980","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Türk bilgisayar ve matematik eğitimi dergisi","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Moral reasoning is mainly focusing on making right decisions to do right activities and exhibit good behaviour of school students in a particular situation and it provides chances for them to discover and realize values, to build character and to improve personality. The findings reveal that there exits significant difference amongst moral reasoning of secondary school students and their profile. Moral reasoning is positively and moderately related with academic achievement of secondary school students. Hence, secondary school teachers should give proper guidance to their secondary school students for improving their moral reasoning and ethical and moral behaviours. Parents must provide conducive home environment for their secondary school students to enhance their abilities for moral reasoning and academic achievement. Furthermore, secondary school teachers should interact, discuss and exchange ideas regularly with their secondary school students for increasing their moral reasoning and academic achievement. Peer groups and family members must also give moral support to their secondary school students for improving their moral reasoning and academic achievement. In addition, secondary schools should conduct various programmes for enhancing moral reasoning and academic achievement among their secondary school students."},{"kind":"article","title":"Predation on a Common Wolfsnake, Lycodon aulicus (Colubridae), by an Indian Roller, Coracias benghalensis (Coraciidae), in the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Chinnasamy Ramesh","year":2021,"doi":"10.17161/randa.v28i1.15379","url":"https://openalex.org/W3166506787","oa_url":"https://journals.ku.edu/reptilesandamphibians/article/download/15379/13887","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Reptiles & Amphibians","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A study on “soliga's life style” with special reference to b.r.hills, chamarajanar district, karnataka state","authors":"M.U Lokesha, Y.S. Siddegowda","year":2020,"doi":"10.5958/2319-1422.2020.00002.8","url":"https://openalex.org/W3016745528","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2319-1422.2020.00002.8","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"SAARJ Journal on Banking & Insurance Research","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Soliga Tribe lives in the tropical evergreen forests of South India. Soliga means ‘people of the bamboo’, a name based on their belief that their ancestors originated from the bamboo. It also reflects the Soliga's close association with nature, referring to the dense thickets they inhabit. Like other tribes around the world, the Soligas have faced their share of struggle. People have misunderstood these fragile communities and sought to integrate them into mainstream life, threatening their way of life and destroying their socio-economic systems. The present study reveals that the culture, tradition, customs and practices of the Soliga community, their educational and economic status, their problems and facilities provided by the government and non-government organizations for the development of Soliga community by taking 150 samples in Biligiri Rangana Hills area. Their relationship with the culture of the plains was minimal-they bartered some honey, tubers, fruits and medicinal plants for clothes, utensils and pottery. They spent their lives sowing and harvesting millets, grains and cereals; harvesting honey, wild fruits and berries in the forest; foraging for tubers, roots and shoots; and hunting's small game. However, any person having visited a tribal village will be surprised and thrilled to see a community living close to nature, peace-loving, equitable and with advanced cultural/social forms. Our knowledge about the tribal is very limited, leading us to believe many myths at the cost of their dignity."},{"kind":"article","title":"A new species of Strobilanthes (Acanthaceae) from the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Sinjumol Thomas, Bince Mani, S. John Britto, Annavi veettil Krishna Pillai Pradeep","year":2020,"doi":"10.6165/tai.2020.65.167","url":"https://openalex.org/W4384270417","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Strobilanthes scopulicola, a new species from the collections of the high altitude montane grasslands of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Western Ghats of India is described and illustrated. Photographs, details of phenology, distribution, pollen morphology and similarity with related species were also provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE FOR MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN THE NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE AND ITS ECOSYSTEM OF WESTERN GHATS, INDIA","authors":"S. Abdul Rahaman, R. Venkatesh","year":2020,"doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-933-2020","url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-933-2020","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Flower visitors in agricultural farms of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: Do forests act as pollinator reservoirs?","authors":"Poornima Viswanathan, Christos Mammides, Pratim Roy, Manju V. Sharma","year":2020,"doi":"10.1080/00218839.2020.1762994","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2020.1762994","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Apicultural Research","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Forest Fire in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats – A Geoinformatics Based Analysis","authors":"Aswathy K. Vijayan, Abin Varghese, Satheendran S Sumith, Mahesh Mohan","year":2020,"doi":"10.5958/2320-642x.2020.00003.4","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2320-642x.2020.00003.4","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Climate Change and Environmental Sustainability","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"On-farm evaluation of high yielding groundnut varieties for wider adoption in Erode district, Tamil Nadu","authors":"S Saravanakumar","year":2020,"doi":"10.5958/2250-0499.2020.00020.8","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2020.00020.8","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Farm Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"M. A. Eswaran - The Mascot of Freedom in Erode District","authors":"S. Thilagavathy","year":2020,"doi":"10.15613/hijrh/2020/v7i1/205771","url":"https://doi.org/10.15613/hijrh/2020/v7i1/205771","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"HuSS: International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Assess the impact of post traumatic stress disorder in road traffic accident survivors in Erode district, Tamil nadu","authors":null,"year":2020,"doi":"10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.01.009","url":"https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.01.009","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A STUDY ON CONSUMERS' SATISFACTION TOWARDS ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTS IN ERODE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU","authors":"Ms.C.Gowthamisel vi, A. Selvaraj","year":2020,"doi":"10.36106/gjra/2711615","url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/2711615","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Haematological Guide for Endangered Bargur Breed - The Hilly Cattle of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Ganapathi Palanisamy, K Gowrimanokari, R Subash, N Kumaravelu, V Kumar","year":2020,"doi":"10.5455/ijlr.20200304114643","url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20200304114643","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Livestock Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Revisiting the War in Vietnam: Mark Moyar","authors":"Mark Moyar, Ian Ferguson, Bill Gruver","year":2020,"doi":"10.4324/9781003054306-3","url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003054306-3","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Reflecting on the 1960s at 50","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Examining fine-scale tribal health inequalities around three forested sites in India: Results of a cross-sectional survey","authors":"Tanya Seshadri, Nandini Velho, Nityasri Sankha Narasimhamurti, Prashanth Nuggehalli Srinivas","year":2020,"doi":"10.21203/rs.2.21892/v1","url":"https://openalex.org/W4251137947","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-12474/latest.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Research Square (Research Square)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Background The data available for the health of Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India are often coarse-scale snapshots of health status and healthcare access showing poorer indicators when compared to others but do not allow fine-scale analysis. In this paper, we examined health inequalities between ST and non-ST populations in two forested sites and compare healthcare parameters for ST populations across three forested sites in India. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional household survey in sites in and around Biligiri Ranganathaswamy Temple (BRT), Kanha and Pakke tiger reserves in the south, central and northeast regions of India respectively. In each site, multi-stage sampling and cluster analysis provided a representative sample of households across villages of 859 ST and non-ST households. We examined sociodemographic and health-related information including self-reported illnesses and healthcare utilisation; from these we explored within-site health inequality patterns for two sites and inter-site differences among ST households in the three sites. Results In BRT, ST-non-ST differences favoured the latter for socio-economic characteristics with no difference in self-reported illness/injuries or healthcare utilisation. In Kanha, both groups were similar for socio-economic characteristics and healthcare utilisation. Pakke ST households reported highest healthcare utilisation, while Kanha ST households reported lowest care seeking at hospitals and relied on home networks and health workers. High tobacco consumption prevalence was noted among ST households in all sites. Conclusions ST-non-ST inequality patterns at a fine-scale were different between BRT and Kanha. Absence of health inequalities between both groups in Kanha indicates uniform socio-geographical disadvantage while poor healthcare utilisation by ST in BRT indicates health inequities within the state. Pakke ST households reported highest utilisation while Kanha reported the lowest. Thus, programmes addressing health inequalities of STs need to consider site-specific assessments in socio-geographical and health system factors."},{"kind":"article","title":"Worshipping the Tiger: Modeling Non-use Existence Values of Wildlife Spiritual Services","authors":"Adrian A. Lopes, Shady S. Atallah","year":2020,"doi":"10.1007/s10640-020-00416-1","url":"https://openalex.org/W3015729892","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10640-020-00416-1.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Environmental and Resource Economics","citations":24,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Several indigenous tribes around the world derive spiritual value from revering fauna and flora species. Species conservation is not a prime objective of such traditions but can be an unintended consequence. Conventional species conservation practices ignore this spiritual value and tribes are often evicted from protected areas. We use the existence value framework to develop a coupled ecological-economic model of the use and non-use, existence values of wildlife for a tribe that derives spiritual value from a wildlife population. We calibrate the model for the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve in India with the resident Soligas tribe who consider tigers as sacred and back out an existence value of tigers in this reserve from a tribe manager’s perspective. The model ascertains tiger population dynamics under several management scenarios. Steady-state convergence is observed under secure property rights for the Soligas. Scenarios in which they are evicted from the BRT reserve and lose their property rights yields localized tiger extinction. Finally, we generate a marginal existence value function and discuss the potential for using existence value estimates in guiding conservation policy."},{"kind":"article","title":"ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CAUVERYRIVER PALLIPALAYAM, ERODE DISTRICT,TAMILNADU","authors":"S. Uthirasamy, T. Chitra","year":2020,"doi":"10.36106/gjra/2707175","url":"https://openalex.org/W3004542625","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/2707175","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This study was designed to assess the physico-chemical characteristics of Cauvery river three stations (S1- Domestic sewage release place, S2- Pooja waste release place and S3- People dress washing place. Erode. The parameters were analysed such as Temperature, pH, Colour, Odour, Turbidity, DO2, BOD, COD, Salinity, Total alkalinity and Total hardness. The pH ranged from (8.2 to 8.7), Dissolved oxygen (4.987 to 6.253mg/lit), BOD (13.768 to 17.564mg/lit), as recorded in S1 Place. COD (34.7 to 36.7mg/lit), Calcium (89 to 105mg/lit), Salinity (7.12 to 12.6mg/lit), as observed in S2 place. Total Alkalinity (164 to 198mg/lit), Nitrate (0.32 to 0.45mg/lit) and Phosphate (0.34 to 0.40mg/lit) as analyzed in S3 Place. The nding of the study revealed that the river water is polluted not advisable for human usage without any treatment. This study concluded that the seriousness and responsibility of public to conserve our water resources for healthy living."},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimating the Visitors Willingness to Pay for An Entrance Fee of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, The Nilgiris: A Contingent Valuation Approach","authors":"V. Rajkumar, Subramanian Boopathi","year":2020,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3013708172","oa_url":"http://www.ceser.in/ceserp/index.php/ijees/article/view/6426","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International journal of ecological economics and statistics","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Reserves, sanctuaries and other similar areas are all ecological units which have both monetary as well as ecological gains to those related with them. Apart from this, the tourism industries of emerging nations like India are benefitted in more ways than one. But, unfortunately the maintenance of such protected areas is not economically viable due to shortage of funds. The areas lack stable sources of income. In such a state of affairs, the option of increasing the entrance fee charged to visitors can be considered. Hence, the primary objective of this paper is to estimate visitors’ willingness to pay (WTP) for environmental conservation and analyze factors influencing WTP for higher entrance fee by using contingent valuation method in Mudumalai Tiger Reserves (MTR), The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. A purposive sampling technique was used to choose 372 visitors and the logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate factors that influencing WTP for higher entrance fee in MTR. The empirical result shows that the majority of the respondents (72%) were willing to pay a higher entrance fee and the average willingness to pay was Rs.52.58 for the purpose of environmental conservation, whereas the remaining 28% were unwilling to pay a higher entrance fee. According to the logistic regression result, respondent education, respondent’s occupation, family income and distance were the most significant predictors of the visitors’ WTP. Thus, keeping the policy in view the outcome of this research advises increasing the visitor entrance fee from Rs.15 to Rs.50 as it will facilitate better revenue to the management, in addition to providing financial independence and efficiency in a feasible method of biosphere preservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Plant parasitic nematode communities associated with the crop banana (Musa spp.) at Attappady Tribal hill area, India","authors":"Ashfak A. ODALA, Rasmi A. RAMANATHAN, Usman Arerath","year":2020,"doi":"10.15835/nsb12310770","url":"https://openalex.org/W3091750688","oa_url":"https://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/article/download/10770/9318","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Attappady is a region of immense biological importance comes under the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve area of India at Palakkad district. Biodiversity study of this hill area has great importance in conservative science. Except a national range study for nematode fauna of banana (Musa spp.) in Indian banana fields, a detailed survey of this agriculturally and environmentally important area has not reported till now. The diversity analysis of plant parasitic nematodes was done with samples taken from rhizosphere soil and roots of banana at this area. Comparing with the reported nationwide study the present study newly reported the presence of Aphelenchus spp., Dorylaimoides spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., Tylenchorynchus spp. and Tylenchus spp. from the crop banana other than the already reported one’s such as Helicotylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp. and Radopholus spp. The analysis of nematode genera in different banana cultivars such as Musa × paradisiaca L. (AAB) ‘Nendran’, Musa acuminata Colla (AAA) ‘Robusta’, Musa acuminata Colla (AA) ‘Kadali’ and Musa × paradisiaca L. (Mysore AAB) ‘Poovan’ revealed differences in the reaction to attack between genotypes, and that the cultivar ‘Nendran’ was the most susceptible one to plant parasitic nematodes."},{"kind":"article","title":"The economic valuation of provisioning services in nilgiri biosphere reserve of Tamil Nadu","authors":"R Bharathi, K. Chandran","year":2020,"doi":"10.5958/2395-146x.2020.00059.9","url":"https://openalex.org/W3038837106","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Agricultural Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Forest cover plays a vital role in maintaining the ecology and economy of the state with particular reference to conservation of natural resources like soil and water. The present study is undertaken to estimate the total economic value of provisioning services provided by the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of the Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu using market pricing method and substitute cost method. Provisioning services obtained from the forest are timber, Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), fish, water provision, fuel wood, grazing and employment generation. Among the listed provisioning services, water provision has been accounted for the highest value of Rs.14,583 million. The total economic value of the provisioning services of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu is estimated as Rs. 5,44,150 million. It is clear that there exists an extreme wealth of nation in the forest ecosystem which could be considered in the process of decision making."},{"kind":"article","title":"Eugenia bolampattiana (Myrtaceae), a new species from the Bolampatty Hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"V. Ravichandran, M. Murugesan, C. Murugan","year":2020,"doi":"10.26492/gbs72(1).2020-11","url":"https://openalex.org/W3036477979","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26492/gbs72(1).2020-11","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of tiger corridor between Mudumalai tiger reserve and Mukurthi national park in Nilgiri biosphere reserve, India","authors":"K Baranidharan, M. Vijayabhama, Vinay Vinay","year":2020,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3096751383","oa_url":"https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue5/PartAE/8-5-283-774.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Conservation of wildlife corridor is an important management strategy to maintain ecological and genetic connectivity. With this background the present investigation was conducted to study the corridor status in between Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and Mukurthi National Park in Tamil Nadu during the period from August 2014 to July 2015. With respect to herbivore population 11 species of herbivores were recorded through direct and indirect evidence in the study area. Regarding the season, the results revealed that herbivore population were maximum in January and lowest in June. Among the herbivore population, the Sambar deer scored maximum density (6.86/Sq km) followed by Spotted deer (6.56/Sq km) and lowest scored by Elephant (1.63/Sq km). Regarding grids, grid number 28 (45) showed maximum number of herbivore sign and grid number 13 (0) showed lowest through direct and indirect evidence. Regarding distribution of carnivore, Tiger (132) was found to be maximum through indirect evidence than Leopard (58). With respect to season, the result showed that January month showed maximum carnivore population and lowest in June. With respect to grids, the carnivore’s population in grid number 21 encountered maximum indirect evidences occurring 19 times. With respect to Tiger population, grid number 23 recorded maximum evidences occurring 14 times and for Leopard, grid number 21 showed maximum evidences occurring 9 times. It was found that Tigers used 17 grids as a corridor, from Mudumalai to Mukurthi. The probability of movement took from grid number 3 → 4 → 7 → 10 → 11 → 14 → 15 → 17 → →18 → 21 → 22 → 23 → 25 → 28 → 31 → 34 → 35 →36. This was the corridor used by Tiger to move from Mudhumalai to Mukurthi. These grid pathways when monitored regularly and given protection from human intervention, we could protect Tiger population and its expansion in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Comparative Study on Forest Soil Microbial Diversity and Biomass in Nilgiri Biosphere of Southern India","authors":"P.G. Kavitha, A. Sudha, P. Ahila Devi, K. Kumaran","year":2020,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.457","url":"https://openalex.org/W4243374707","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/9-9-2020/P.G. Kavitha, et al.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"It is well-known that Nilgiri forest biosphere in India contains high microbial biodiversity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and nematodes that play an important role in the ecosystem. The present investigation was carried out in the Nilgiri forest ecosystem in the division of North nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India during 2017-2020 to evaluate the microbial diversity of undisturbed forest soil in two different altitudes viz., Kallar and Ooty with comparison of agro-ecosystem and polluted ecosystem and in four different seasons viz., summer (S1), pre-rainy (S2), post rainy (S3) and winter (S4). Representative soil samples were collected at four different depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm) during four different seasons (summer, pre-rainy, post-rainy and winter) from all the ecosystem areas of Nilgiri forest ecosystem and were analysed for their availability for population dynamics. Samples taken during post rainy season recorded highest fungal population of 178 x 105 CFU/g/soil in the kallar forest ecosystem as compared to the polluted ecosystem and lowest population for bacteria and actinomycetes. The major bacterial genera found in diversity study are occupied by Bacillus and Pseudomonas, which can survive in high temperature (75 x105 CFU/g/soil) in summer season. Most of the population (>75 x105 CFU/g/soil) of fungal genera were found in low temperature and high relative humidity in Post rainy and winter season (Acrostalagmus, Polyporus, Phelliinus, Trichoderma, Aspergillus spp., Alternaria). In one gram of soil, population of bacterial feeding nematodes (Rhabditis sp. and Acrobeles sp.) dominated in lower altitudes of Kallar which resulted in higher rate of decomposition. Fungal feeding nematodes (Aphelenchus sp and Aphelenchoides sp.) were more in higher altitudes with soil having acidic pH due to leaching effect favored the growth of fungus. The conclusion drawn from the present study showed an increase in fungal population and fungal feeding nematode population at higher altitudes and reduction in bacterial and actinomycetes population in all the four ecosystems and all the microbial population were highest in post rainy seasons when compared to pre-rainy, summer and winter seasons."},{"kind":"article","title":"A new report on mixed species association between Nilgiri Langurs Semnopithecus johnii and Tufted Grey Langurs S. priam (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"K. S. Chetan Nag","year":2020,"doi":"10.11609/jott.5615.12.9.15975-15984","url":"https://openalex.org/W3038052898","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/5615/6825","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Phylogenetic conservatism or rapid anthropogenic habitat modifications could increase the incidences of interspecific associations of Hanuman and Nilgiri langurs (Family: Cercopithecidae, subfamily: Colobinae) in the southern Western Ghats. Opportunistic surveys were conducted at the Silent Valley National Park, Kerala and around Devimalai Ghats, Tamil Nadu for Tufted Grey-Nilgiri Langur association. Based on the observations from Researchers, field assistants, forest staff, and local people, the data in terms of the time of the sighting, number of individuals, phenotypes of individuals, and the time the interaction lasted, were recorded. The study reports data on a troop of Nilgiri Langurs (N=13) around O Valley tea estate at Devimalai Ghat, Gudalur, Tamil Nadu with some hybrid looking individuals and a Tufted female Grey Langur amongst them. A total of six and two uni-male troops of Nilgiri Langurs and grey langurs respectively with Tufted female Grey Langurs, and aberrant coat colored infants observed at the Neelikkal section of Silent Valley National Park are also reported. The study reasonably speculates that there could be more such locations in the southern western ghats and emphasizes the need for more systematic surveys to understand and explore the ecology, behavior, molecular, and other likely factors contributing to the conservation of vulnerable Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) populations."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Ritambhara Hebbar","year":2020,"doi":"10.4324/9780367553166-7","url":"https://openalex.org/W3045521321","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) was established in 1986 and since then various environmental projects have been introduced in the region, across the three southern states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Local tribal communities have been protesting against these projects, both for vision and politics that disregard their traditional association with forests. The chapter substantiates on both these protestations. There have been significant shifts in the governance of forest areas following the establishment of the NBR. Environmental projects have initiated a host of actors and interest groups who, along with state departments, play a critical role in the management of forest resources. The focus is on enunciating the ensuing politics and the implications on the lives of local tribal communities."},{"kind":"article","title":"Dipcadi coimbatorensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"V. Ravichandran, Rajeev Kumar Singh, C. Murugan","year":2020,"doi":"10.1007/s12225-020-9873-7","url":"https://openalex.org/W3022522098","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Kew Bulletin","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Short Tandem Repeat (STR) based assessment of genetic diversity of Alambadi - A draught cattle breed of Tamil Nadu","authors":"C.M. Vandana, R. Saravanan, N. Murali, K N RAJA, A. K. Mishra, RUDOLF R PICHLE, Kathiravan Periasamy","year":2020,"doi":"10.56093/ijans.v90i1.98209","url":"https://openalex.org/W4312228280","oa_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAnS/article/download/98209/39013","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Alambadi is one of the five indigenous draught type cattle breeds of Tamil Nadu. The present study was undertaken to establish baseline genetic diversity information and evaluate its genetic relationship with Bargur cattle. The results suggested moderate levels of allelic diversity and observed heterozygosity with an overall mean of 6.52 and 0.666 respectively. Estimates of FIS showed significant heterozygosity deficit (0.056) indicating relatively higher levels of inbreeding in Alambadi cattle. The test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium revealed 11.1% (3 out of 27) of the investigated loci showing significant deviations due to heterozygosity deficit. Estimation of global F statistics revealed low genetic differentiation between Alambadi and Bargur cattle. The global FST indicated only 3% of the total variation being explained by between breed differences, while the remaining 97% was explained by within breed variability. Principal components analysis revealed separate clustering of Alambadi and Bargur cattle, although admixture was observed among few animals from both the breeds. The test for mutation drift equilibrium revealed no evidences for the occurrence of genetic bottleneck in Alambadi and Bargur cattle in the recent past. Considering the rapid decline in the population of Alambadi cattle, the results of the present study is expected to help planning the strategy for genetic conservation and breed improvement."},{"kind":"article","title":"ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY ZONATION IN ESSENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT","authors":"R. Venkatesh, S. Abdul Rahaman, R. Jegankumar, P. Masilamani","year":2020,"doi":"10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b5-2020-149-2020","url":"https://openalex.org/W3081471269","oa_url":"https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLIII-B5-2020/149/2020/isprs-archives-XLIII-B5-2020-149-2020.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"˜The œinternational archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract. The concern of present-day conservation of eco-environment and its approach is to diminish the vulnerability, which demands focus region identification and protection. The identification of the focus region needs greater expertise and management. However, assessment of eco-environmental vulnerability requires numerous variables. The variables are categorised under four extensive aspects namely, hydro-meteorology, land resources, topography and socio-economic factors. The Pombar watershed enfolds three main urbanised cities Bargur, Thirupattur and Uthangarai connected by state-highway (SH-179A) and most of the settlements are situated near foothill regions. Thus, the cultural features persisting in the watershed are subjected to eco-environment vulnerable conditions. Therefore, extraction of variables is carried out using Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel-2B, ALOS PALSAR DEM and IMD rainguage data respectively. The generated parameters affecting the environment are weighed and ranked through the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) with Geospatial technology for eco-environment vulnerability assessment. Then vulnerability level is categorised into five classes like very high, high, moderate, low and very low with an area of 10%, 12%, 37%, 23%, and 18% respectively. The very high and high classes are distributed in low lying plain regions, where there is high anthropogenic activities, urbanisation and industrialisation, a moderate vulnerable class is more in plateau region due to deforestation and over exploitation. However, very low and low classes are sparsely distributed in higher altitude. The integration of Geospatial technology with AHP makes a powerful tool to assess the eco-environment vulnerability and therefore, three focus regions are demarcated to devote a massive concern on protection and management in the essence of sustainable development."},{"kind":"article","title":"The Paniya Tribes in Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Anandakumar","year":2020,"doi":"10.30954/2231-458x.01.2020.6","url":"https://openalex.org/W3168653448","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.30954/2231-458x.01.2020.6","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Learning Community-An International Journal of Educational and Social Development","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Paniyans are one among the Primitive Tribal Groups (PTG's) in Tamil Nadu. The Paniyans or Paniyas are found in the Southern part of the India in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka. They are concentrated mainly in the Gudalur and Pandalur taluks of the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. The Paniya are one of the five ancient tribal communities of Tamil Nadu. They dwell in different hill and forest areas of Tamil Nadu. Various districts where the Paniya tribes have built their settlements. Include Gudalur block and Pandalur Taluk. The detailed information about the origin of the Paniya tribe is still unclear, but some details relating to this tribal community signify a little about the extraction of this tribal group. Thick lips, dark complexion and curly hair are the physical appearance of the Paniya people."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of moisture stress management techniques on the root growth and yield stability of maize (Zea mays)","authors":null,"year":2020,"doi":"10.31830/2348-7542.2020.038","url":"https://openalex.org/W4206488152","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Research on Crops","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Moisture stress management practices under drought constrain situation are of foremost priority to reduce yield loss. In this regard, field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India during rabi 2017 and 2018 to study the influence of different moisture stress management practices on the root growth, yield attributes and yield of maize. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications comprised of four irrigation regimes as main factor based on irrigation water to cumulative pan evaporation ratio (IW/CPE) of 1.0 (I1.0), 0.8 (I0.8), 0.6 (I0.6) and 0.4 (I0.4) and four moisture stress management treatments viz., foliar application of pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs 1% (FPPFM), Brassinolide 0.1 ppm (FBr), Silicic acid 0.2% (FSI) and control (FC) as a sub factor. Study revealed that irrigation scheduling at IW/CPE 0.4 produced significantly higher root length (54.7 cm), root volume (124.1 cc m−3) while root dry weight (1618 kg/ha) was comparable with IW/CPE 0.6 (1584 kg/ha). Among the foliar application PPFM @ 1% recorded significantly higher root length (53.4 cm), root volume (115.2 cc m−3) with root dry weight (1577 kg/ha) comparable with foliar application of silicic acid @ 0.2% (1525 kg/ha). IW/CPE 1.0 with foliar application of PPFM @ 1% recorded significantly higher and comparable seed weight per cob, Number of seeds per cob and grain yield with other moisture stress management treatments in IW/CPE 1.0 and 0.8. At IW/CPE 0.6, foliar application of PPFM @ 1% on 25 and 45 DAS (FPPFM) produced moderately and higher comparable seed weight per cob, number of seeds per cob and grain yield with all moisture stress management practices at IW/CPE 0.8. Results from the study indicated that under normal water availability situation, irrigating at IW/CPE 0.8 was sufficient to produce higher yield. While under water stress condition IW/CPE 0.6 with foliar application of PPFM @ 1% was found to enhance root growth and thereby supplement optimum yield."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of moisture stress management practices on biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"M Rajasekar, Prabhakaran Nk","year":2020,"doi":"10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i2ao.9150","url":"https://openalex.org/W3028100876","oa_url":"https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue2/PartAO/8-2-241-732.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Chemical Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field investigations were conducted in the Northern block, Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Erode during rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19 and summer 2018 & 2019 to assess the influence of moisture stress management practices in different irrigation regimes in maize. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications comprised of four irrigation regimes as main factor based on IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 (I1.0), 0.8(I0.8), 0.6 (I0.6) and 0.4 (I0.4) and four moisture stress management treatments viz., foliar application of pink pigmented facultative methylobacteria 1% (FPPFM), Brassinolide 0.1 ppm (FBr), Silicic acid 0.2% (FSl) and control (FC) as a sub factor. Foliar application was given on 25 and 45 DAS for each treatment in the sub plot. Maize cultivar CO(H)M 6 was used as a test variety spaced with 60 x 25 cm. Results revealed that, IW/CPE 0.4 registered significantly higher proline content (7.82, 7.60, 10.63 and 12.06 µg g-1), catalase activity (5.09, 5.03, 5.02 and 5.70 µmol g-1 min-1) and peroxidase activity (45.8, 45.2, 45.2 and 51.3 µmol g-1 min-1) at 60 DAS respectively during rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19 and summer 2018 & 2019 among the irrigation regimes. Remarkably lower proline content, catalase and peroxidase activity were found in IW/CPE 1.0. In moisture stress management practices, significantly higher proline content at 60 DAS (5.57, 5.42, 7.50 and 8.40 µg g-1 respectively during rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19 and summer 2018 & 2019) was recorded in brassinolide 0.1 ppm applied plants barring control and admirably lower proline content was recorded in foliar application of PPFM 1% on 25 and 45 DAS. IW/CPE 1.0 with no moisture stress management practices (FC) recorded significantly lower proline content and was comparable with other moisture stress management treatments in IW/CPE 1.0. Distinctly higher catalase (4.39, 4.33, 4.28 and 4.77 µmol g-1 min-1 at 60 DAS respectively during rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19 and summer 2018 & 2019) and peroxidase activity (39.5, 39.0, 38.5 and 42.9 µmol g-1 min-1 at 60 DAS respectively during rabi 2017-18 & 2018-19 and summer 2018 & 2019) was noticed in PPFM 1% foliar applied treatment. In interaction effect, foliar application of PPFM 1% on 25 and 45 DAS at IW/CPE 0.4 recorded lucidly higher catalase and peroxidase activity at 60 DAS. Significantly lower catalase activity was recorded in IW/CPE 0.8 (Mild stress) with control and was comparable with other treatments at IW/CPE 1.0 (No stress)."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Moisture Stress Management Practices on the Performance of Summer Irrigated Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"M Rajasekar, N. K. Prabhakaran","year":2020,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2020.904.202","url":"https://openalex.org/W3025724304","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/9-4-2020/M. Rajasekar and N. K. Prabhakaran.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India during summer 2018 and 2019 to study the influence of moisture stress management practices on plant growth and yield of maize. Study revealed that, irrigation scheduling at IW/CPE 1.0 produced higher plant height (217.6 cm), leaf area index (3.77), dry matter production (16159 kg ha-1) and yield (6715 kg ha-1) and was comparable with IW/CPE ratio of 0.8. Among the moisture stress management practices foliar application of PPFM 1% at 25 and 45 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height (209.7 cm), leaf area index (3.62), dry matter production (15505 kg ha-1) and yield (6381 kg ha-1). Higher net return (55535 Rs. ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.71) was realized under IW/CPE 0.8. In moisture stress management practices foliar application of PPFM @ 1% recorded higher net return (51455 Rs. ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (2.56). Results from the study indicated that, irrigating at IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 was good enough to produce maximum yield and net return in normal water availability condition. While under water scarcity condition IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 coupled with foliar application of PPFM 1% at 25 and 45 DAS was more reliable for sustaining yield and net return."},{"kind":"article","title":"Multiple Water Use in Gardenland Integrated Farming System for Enhancing Productivity","authors":"J. Bhuvaneswari, G. Thiyagarajan, M. Manikandan, S Natarajan, S. Thenmozhi","year":2020,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.255","url":"https://openalex.org/W3131629317","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/9-11-2020/J. Bhuvaneswari, et al.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A model of integrated input management to suit small farmers under garden-land conditions was studied at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 2015 and 2016 in an area of 1 ha. The objective of the study was to achieve better utilization of available resources to maximize returns by integrating cropping, dairy, poultry and vermin-compost, to recycle farm and livestock wastes effectively to assure stability in production and returns. The results over the two year period revealed that by integrating allied enterprises with crop activity, income and productivity can be enhanced. Integrated Farming System recorded lower water consumed (14249 m3) compared to conventional farming system (22925 m3). The higher gross income of Rs.5,62,044/- physical water productivity (8.26 kg m-3) and economic water productivity (39.44 Rs.m-3) recorded under Integrated Farming System compared to conventional farming system."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of Water Productivity in Integrated Farming System in Wetland Situation of Western Zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"J. Bhuvaneswari, G. Thiyagarajan, M. Manikandan, S Natarajan, S. Thenmozhi","year":2020,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.287","url":"https://openalex.org/W3133215955","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/9-11-2020/J. Bhuvaneswari2, et al.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Integrated Farming System (IFS) for wetland situation experiments were conducted in Southern block of Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 2013 to 2017 under All India Co-ordinated Project on Irrigation Water Management. The objective of the experiment was to work out the water requirements for cropping and livestock components in IFS under wetland situation. In Conventional farming system (CFS), Rice - Rice – Pulse cropping system was followed in one-hectare area. In wetland IFS, Rice - Rice – Pulses (8000 m2), Cumbu Napier grass (1500 m2), Fish pond (300 m2) and others (200 m2) [Dairy unit (2 cows), Poultry unit (30 desi birds), Pigeon unit (10 pairs), Duck (30 birds)].In IFS, rice crop was cultivated in System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method. Rice (IW Ponni), Pulse (Greengram - CO6) and Cumbu Napier grass (CO(CN)4) were used for experiment. The wetland IFS recorded lower water consumed (20454 m3) compared to CFS (29620 m3). The higher gross income of Rs.527825/-, physical water productivity (3.68 kgm-3) and economic water productivity (25.80 Rs.m-3) recorded under IFS compared to CFS. It was concluded that the IFS not only influenced the yield but also higher irrigation water productivity. Moreover, benefit-cost ratios with different discount rates indicated that IFS in wetland situation is economically significant."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of turmeric genotypes in Western zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S Praneetha, V. Sivakumar","year":2020,"doi":"10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4h.10238","url":"https://openalex.org/W3082417664","oa_url":"https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue4/PartH/S-8-4-64-520.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Chemical Studies","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A total 148 numbers of turmeric accession from various parts of India along with BSR 1 and 2 as local adopted check varieties were assessed for three sequential years at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar, Erode district, Tamil Nadu. Regarding the plant phenotypic traits concerned, among the turmeric accessions evaluated at Western Zone of Tamil Nadu, BS 73 recorded the maximum plant height of 77.11cm. The maximum number of leaves per plant (8.65) and number of tillers per plant (2.63) was recorded by the genotype BS 9. A very wide range of difference in mean performance of genotypes was observed for all the yield and quality parameters in this study. The accession BS 9 recorded higher yield per plot (30.01 kg/6m2) followed by the accession CL 101 (27.39 kg/6m2). The accession BS 9 recorded an estimated fresh rhizome yield of 49.82 t/ha, which was the best for rhizome yield than the checks i.e. BSR 1 (33.81 t/ha) and BSR 2 (36.50 t/ha). Highest level of curing per cent was recorded in the genotype CL 204 (18.04%), BSR 1 (18.03%) and the accession BS 9 (17.98%). Estimated cured rhizome yield was recorded highest level in BS 9 (8.96 t/ha) which was followed by CL 101 (8.10 t/ha) and the lowest cured rhizome yield was recorded by the accession CL 206 (6.57 t/ha). Significantly uppermost curcumin content was recorded in the accession CL 206 (5.12%) followed B 3 (5.03%) and BS 9 (4.86%).The highest content of oleoresin was recorded in accession B 9 (11.35%) which was followed by BS 122 (10.87%) and B 2 (10.78%) while the lowest was recorded BS 50 (8.16%). Considerably higher level of essential oil content was recorded in BSR 2 (4.62%) followed by CL 101 (4.52%) and BS 9 (4.47%)."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of Drip Fertigation System for Aerobic Rice in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Natarajan, V. K. Duraisamy, G. Thiyagarajan, M. Manikandan","year":2020,"doi":"10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i730303","url":"https://openalex.org/W3037187493","oa_url":"https://www.journalijpss.com/index.php/IJPSS/article/download/30303/56855","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Plant & Soil Science","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The productivity of rice is in decreasing trend due to non-availability of irrigation water. Hence, rice cultivation with minimum water which paves way for the research on aerobic rice (i.e., growing in the non-flooded and non-puddled situation). Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 2013-14 and 2014-15 to evaluate the drip fertigation system and to work out the economics in aerobic rice at different irrigation and nitrogen levels. The treatments included four irrigation levels (irrigation at 100%, 125%, 150% PE daily and conventional irrigation at IW/CPE = 1.25) with a combination of three fertigation levels (100,150 and 200 kg N ha-1) of nitrogen. The experiment was laid in split plot design replicated thrice. The test variety is PMK 3, with a duration of 130-135 days. Entire quantity of phosphorus and 50 per cent of potassium was applied basally. Different doses of nitrogen and remaining 50 per cent of potassium was applied as fertigation in weekly intervals from 21 days after sowing. Irrigation was given daily basis with daily Pan Evaporation rate. Concerning different irrigation levels, 150 per cent PE on daily basis recorded significantly higher grain yield (5069 kg ha-1), WUE (7.37 kg/ha mm) and net income of Rs. 33607 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 1.88. For nitrogen levels, 150 kg N per ha recorded significantly higher grain yield (4146 kg ha-1), WUE (6.69 kg/ha mm) and net income of Rs. 20464 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 1.53. For aerobic rice, the irrigation at 150 per cent PE on daily basis combined with 150 kg N per ha recorded significantly higher grain (5483 kg ha-1), WUE (8.18 kg/ha mm) and higher net income of Rs. 39448 ha-1 and B:C ratio of 2.03."},{"kind":"article","title":"Water Pollution, Quality Assessment and Treatment of Major Trans boundary Rivers from Bhavanisagar Dam","authors":"N Vellingiri., Ranjith Kumar G, Vijayapandi., Praveen Kumar. A, L Chandhru.","year":2020,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3034086857","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Maintaining the quality of water is very compulsory to utilize the resources efficaciously. This study expresses the quality and treatment of the water. Textile industries, sugar factories and hospitals are situated on the Trans boundary river of Bhavanisagar dam. These industry wastes are directly commixed into the river bank. The untreated and partially treated effluents are commixed into the river bank. So the water must be treated. Water quality details, soil pollution and farmers can evade chemical pesticide by the opportune treatment of water utilization. The samples were accumulated from 31 locations in Trans Boundary River from Bhavanisagar dam. The test is to be conducted for the 31 samples and to find the most polluted area and hazardous effluents present in the water and to treat the water."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diversity of Odonata in the rice fields of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Pavithran, N. Chitra, R Arulprakash, Sugumaran Mp","year":2020,"doi":"10.22271/j.ento.2020.v8.i5ac.7792","url":"https://openalex.org/W3093542646","oa_url":"https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2020/vol8issue5/PartAC/8-5-271-286.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Odonata is one of the most predominant natural enemy of the rice ecosystems and their diversity in rice fields from different parts of Tamil Nadu viz., Coimbatore, Aduthurai, Pudukkottai, Ramanathapuram, Bhavanisagar and Gudalur was studied. The Odonata assemblage comprised 21 species under 19 genera under 4 families. Anisoptera (dragonflies) were dominant with 15 species and 14 genera over Zygoptera (damselflies) (6 species, 5 genera). Libellulidae (Anisoptera) was the most speciose family with 14 species followed by Coenagrionidae (Zygoptera) with 5 species. Diversity analysis of Odonata from rice fields of Tamil Nadu revealed that the order of Simpson Diversity index (SID) of diversity was Coimbatore (0.89) > Bhavanisagar (0.88) > Aduthurai (0.87) > Ramanathapuram (0.87) > Gudalur (0.84) > Pudukottai (0.82). Margalef index (α) of species richness were high in Coimbatore (2.33) and least in Gudalur (1.55). Eveness of species within the region (Pielou`s evenness index, E1) was the highest for Bhavanisagar (0.94) and the lowest for Aduthurai (0.84). Among the different regions, Odonata in rice fields of the Coimbatore and Aduthurai were found to have a maximum similarity."},{"kind":"article","title":"Delineation of Genotype × Environment Interaction for Identification of Stable Genotypes to Grain Yield in Mungbean","authors":"Santhi Madhavan Samyuktha, D. Malarvizhi, Adhimoolam Karthikeyan, Manickam Dhasarathan, A. Thanga Hemavathy, Vanniarajan Chocklingam, Sheela Venugopal, Sundarrajan Juliet Hepziba","year":2020,"doi":"10.3389/fagro.2020.577911","url":"https://openalex.org/W3112624470","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fagro.2020.577911/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Frontiers in Agronomy","citations":31,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In the present study, fifty-two mungbean ( Vigna radiata ) genotypes were evaluated for seven morphological traits at three different environments in South Indian state Tamil Nadu, namely Virinjipuram (E1), Eachangkottai (E2), and Bhavanisagar (E3) during Kharif 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The data collected were subjected to variability and correlation analyses, followed by stability analysis using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype and genotype × environment interaction effects (GGE) biplot. Variablility was observed among the genotypes for the following traits viz. , plant height, days to fifty per cent flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight and grain yield. Correlation analysis showed that the trait number of pods per plant was significantly associated with grain yield. The G × E was smaller than the genetic variation of grain yield as it portrayed the maximum contribution of genotypic effects (61.07%). GGE biplot showed E3 as a highly discriminating and representative environment. It also identified environment-specific genotypes viz ., EC 396111 for E1, EC 396125 for E2 and EC 396101 for E3 environments. The genotypes with minimum genotype stability index (GSI) viz. , V2802BG (7), HG 22 (13), and EC 396098 (13) were observed with wide adaptation and high yields across all the three environments. In summary, we identified stable genotypes adapted across environments for grain yield. These genotypes can be used as parent/pre-breeding materials in future mungbean breeding programs."},{"kind":"article","title":"Change Detection in Image Time-Series Using Unsupervised LSTM","authors":"Sudipan Saha, Francesca Bovolo, Lorenzo Bruzzone","year":2020,"doi":"10.1109/lgrs.2020.3043822","url":"https://openalex.org/W3115950764","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","citations":64,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Deep learning-based unsupervised change detection (CD) methods compare a prechange and a postchange image in deep feature space and require precise knowledge of the event date for selecting proper pre-/post-change images. However, in many applications changes may occur gradually over a span of time making pre-/post-dates difficult to establish or prior knowledge of event date is unknown. On the other hand, deep learning-based time-series analysis methods are generally supervised. Considering such scenarios, we propose a novel unsupervised deep learning-based method to detect changes in an image time-series. The method does not make any assumption on the date of the occurrence of the change event. It treats CD as an anomaly detection problem by exploiting multilayer long short term memory (LSTM) network to learn a representation of the time series. The proposed method ingests a shuffled time series and uses an encoder–decoder LSTM model to rearrange the input sequence in correct order. While the model fails to rearrange the changed pixels, unchanged data can be rearranged in the correct order. This enables the identification of the changed pixels. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we tested it on two multitemporal Sentinel-1 data sets over Brumadinho, Brazil, and Bhavanisagar, India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Inflow Forecasting of Bhavanisagar Reservoir Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN): A Case Study","authors":"S. Suriya, K B Saran, L. Chris Anto, C. Anbalagan, K. R. Vinodh","year":2020,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-5101-7_12","url":"https://openalex.org/W3081999620","oa_url":null,"licence":"http://www.springer.com/tdm","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Lecture notes in civil engineering","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Dataset on the assessment of water quality of ground water in Kalingarayan Canal, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Divahar, P. S. Aravind Raj, S. P. Sangeetha, T. Mohanakavitha, T. Meenambal","year":2020,"doi":"10.1016/j.dib.2020.106112","url":"https://openalex.org/W3046253793","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340920310064/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Data in Brief","citations":16,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This data article aimed to investigate the quality of ground water in Kalingarayan Canal for the analysis of pollution level, Tamil Nadu. In order to understand the pollution status of the canal, nine ground water samples (GW1- GW9) were collected from the downstream side of the canal during the period between January 2014 - December 2016. Nine stations were selected along the Kalingarayan Canal, and ground water samples were collected on a monthly basis from these stations. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), chlorides, total hardness (TH) nitrates, sulphates, sodium, calcium and magnesium were analyzed to observe the current status of the groundwater quality. Also, the groundwater quality is expressed in terms of Water Quality index (WQI). The APHA method was applied to determine the physico chemical parameters of the water samples. From the investigation, WQI reflects a low quality of groundwater in sampling stations Kolathupalayam (GW3) and Perumparai (GW6) which is mainly contaminated with nitrate and the water is found to be very hard in nature. Also, it was observed that calcium and magnesium content in groundwater is very high at certain stations. Most of the groundwater from this place cannot be used for any kind of industrial processes and human consumption without proper treatment."},{"kind":"article","title":"Livelihood Changes of Tribal People: A Case Study of Sholaga (Soliga) Tribes in Bargur Hills, Erode District, Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Sumathi, Shaik Mahamad","year":2020,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3010652512","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Our Heritage","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Erode District is located in Kongu uplands region of Western Tamil Nadu. Kaveri and its tributaries, Bhavani river, Mayar river runs through the Erode District. Erode District leading producer of turmeric, plantain (Banana), coconuts and white silk in Tamil Nadu. A tribe are defined as “A race of people, now applied especially to primary aggregate of people in a primitive or barbarous condition, under a headman or a chief” Oxford dictionary. Tamil Nadu State have 36 listed tribes. Among the tribes Malayali, Kurumba’s, Kanikaran, kammara, kota, Sholagas and Todas are some of the tribes in Tamil Nadu. Sholaga and Kannada speaking tribes mainly found in the Chamarajanagar District of Karnataka and Erode District of Tamil Nadu.  The present study was investigated at Bargur Hills, Anthiyur Taluk of Erode District, Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"Climate change and the migration of a pastoralist people c.3500 cal. years BP inferred from palaeofire and lipid biomarker records in the montane Western Ghats, India","authors":"Sarath Pullyottum Kavil, Prabhakaran Ramya Bala, Pankaj Kumar, Devanita Ghosh, Raman Sukumar","year":2020,"doi":"10.1101/2020.08.15.252189","url":"https://openalex.org/W3049499628","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/08/15/2020.08.15.252189.full.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Human migration in response to climate change during the Holocene has been recorded in many regions of the world. The Todas are a pastoralist people who are believed to have colonized the higher elevations (&gt;2000 m asl) of the Nilgiris in the Western Ghats, India, not earlier than about 2000 cal. yr BP. Vegetation shifts in response to changing climate in tropical montane forest-grassland mosaic of the Ghats have been well documented using stable carbon isotopes and pollen profiles; however, there have been no corresponding investigations of human presence and activity at the highest elevations. We used a number of other proxies to infer the human ecology of this montane region. Radiocarbon dated (~22,000 cal. BP to the present) peat samples from the Sandynallah basin (2200m asl, Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu State) were used to reconstruct fire history, animal abundance, and human presence since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). While the macro-charcoal record indicates fires at the LGM, macro- and micro-charcoal counts indicate intense fire at ~3500 cal. yr BP, coprophilous fungal spores indicate a large population of herbivorous mammals, and steroid biomarkers indicate human faecal remains for the first time. This period is also characterized by dry arid conditions and dominant grassy vegetation as inferred from n -alkane signatures. We thus infer that a pastoralist people, most likely the Todas, migrated to the highest elevations of the Western Ghats along with their buffalo herds in response to prolonged or abrupt climate change in peninsular India, about 3500 cal. yr BP or at least 1500 years prior to what historical accounts assume."},{"kind":"article","title":"A threat assessment of Three-striped Palm Squirrel Funambulus palmarum (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) from roadkills in Sigur Plateau, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, B. Ramakrishnan, Jabamalainathan Leonaprincy","year":2020,"doi":"10.11609/jott.3378.12.10.16347-16351","url":"https://openalex.org/W3044924348","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/3378/6892","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This study was undertaken to assess the threat from road kills for three-striped palm squirrels in the tropical forest of Sigur plateau, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, and Southern India from January 2014 to December 2016. Road kills were recorded along the Udhagamandalam to Masinagudi state highway passing through Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (40 km). Four visits per month were carried out mostly on weekends (Saturday or Sunday). A total of 497 three-striped palm squirrel kills were recorded, with an overall rate of 0.09/km of the roadway. Habitat wise 387 kills were observed in the thorn forest and 110 in dry deciduous forest habitats. Season wise 176 kills were recorded in winter, 156 in summer, 83 post-monsoon, and 82 during the monsoon. The study distinguished the ongoing major threat on the three-striped palm squirrel in the present scenario."},{"kind":"article","title":"Valley of Hope: Moyar and Vultures","authors":"H. Byju","year":2020,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3036417332","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos' Print/Zoos' print","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Anthropogenic Influence on Tiger Corridor between Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and Mukurthi National Park in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"K Baranidharan, M. Vijayabhama, J. R. Vinay","year":2020,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.175","url":"https://openalex.org/W3129824920","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/9-11-2020/K. Baranidharan, et al.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"In the era of conservation forestry, protection of floral and faunal diversity is important prerequisite. Due to the effective implementation of conservation strategies in the protected areas, growth of faunal population will be in increasing phase which leads to the expansion of home range and territory. The present investigation was conducted to assess the human influence on the corridor between Mudumalai Tiger Reserve and Mukurthi National Park in Tamil Nadu during the period from August 2014 to July 2015.The anthropogenic disturbance level was moderate (0.04 out of 0.08) and habitat linkage was also moderate (0.03 out of 0.06). Regarding area suitability for Tiger habitat, around 12 sq km (8.33 %) of area was highly suitable and around 32 sq km (22.22 %) were not suitable. Naduvatum was maximum respondent (33.33 percent) due to proximate to forest (1 km). Regarding witness about carnivores population, Leopard was witnessed more (41.67 %) than Tiger (38.33 %). With regard to man animal conflict of the study area, results revealed that conflict was increasing year to year from 2013 to 2015 [in 2013 (22 cattle), in 2014 (35 cattle), in 2015 (7 cattle up to June)]. With respect to season February and March month recorded maximum conflicts. With regarding matrix ranking of conflict, livestock depredation was the major problem followed by crop raiding. Regarding carnivores, Leopard was the major conflicting animal (61.90 %) than Tiger (38.10 %). Maximum domestic animals were killed in reserve forest (53.57 %). Regarding collections of fuel wood, the maximum respondent (35.17 %) collected their fuel wood from their surroundings, and with respect to Non Wood Forest Product collection the maximum respondent (47.37 %) collected eucalyptus leaves for extraction of eucalyptu soil. These grid pathways when monitored regularly and given protection from human intervention, protect Tiger population and its expansion in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve."},{"kind":"article","title":"Peer review declaration","authors":null,"year":2020,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/995/1/011002","url":"https://openalex.org/W4253254841","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/995/1/011002","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineerin have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews wer conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double-blind • Conference submission management system: Easy Chair • Number of submissions received: 63 • Number of submissions sent for review: 61 • Number of submissions accepted: 46 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 73.02 • Average number of reviews per paper: 02 • Total number of reviewers involved: 15 • Any additional info on review process : *All the accepted papers are reviewed and checked with novelty and similarity index &lt;15% through Turnitin software . • Contact person for queries : Dr. A. Megalingam , Associate Professor , Department of Mechatronics , Bannari Amman Institute of Technology , Sathyamangalam, Erode , Tamilnadu , India-638401 . Mail id: megalingama@bitsathy.ac.in . Phone no:+91-9884646847 ."},{"kind":"article","title":"Preface","authors":null,"year":2020,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/764/1/011001","url":"https://openalex.org/W4235766667","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/764/1/011001/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The International Conference on Advances in Materials Processing and Characterization (ICAMPC 2019) was held on 10 and 11 September 2019 at Bannari Amman Institute of Technology (BIT), Sathyamangalam, India and was organized by the Departments of Aeronautical, Automobile, Mechanical and Mechatronics. The purpose of the conference was to collaborate among students, researchers and scientists around the world focusing on materials research involving topics such as additive manufacturing, powder metallurgy, composites, surface engineering, metal joining, materials testing, nanomaterials, numerical modeling and simulation, energy materials, smart materials etc. This conference provided an opportunity and platform for presenters to showcase their work and discuss them with like-minded researchers. We received over 150 research articles and short listed 64 articles based on peer review for presentation cum possible publication in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (p-ISSN:1757-8981, e-ISSN:1757-899X). The invited keynote speakers were Dr. N.L. Parthasarathi , Scientist - E, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India and Dr. K.G. Pradeep , Assistant Professor, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. The conference was partially sponsored by Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE), New Delhi and Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia. List of About BIT, Conference Messages, Keynote Address and Snapshots of ICAMPC 2019 are available in this PDF."},{"kind":"article","title":"Note from the Editors","authors":null,"year":2020,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/955/1/011003","url":"https://openalex.org/W4242581735","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/955/1/011003/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The ongoing pandemic situation has forced us to opt for virtual mode of conference presentations. This is based on the realization that the participants (and the organizers too) will not be able to travel and or assemble physically at a common place due to the prevailing Covid-19 restrictions. As the conference was declared earlier, we could not postpone due to the associated plan for publication in Scopus-indexed proceedings. There were many requests from the academic peers to organise in the virtual mode. Conference model Two days program with four keynote lectures followed by technical presentation sessions. Total three parallel sessions were arranged for both forenoon and afternoon to cover all the three themes. Each session extended for about 2.5 hours with about 10-12 papers per session. The participants were given 15 minutes time covering 10 minutes’ presentation and 5 minutes interaction with the session chair. Each presentation was evaluated by the session chair and co-chair for a maximum score of 30 (technical content-10, presentation-10, and communication/interaction-10). Participants were mostly from Southern part of India, but also from Northern India, Malaysia and Nigeria The conference was delivered using Google Meet application (https://meet.google.com/) Dr. M Vasudevan, Dr. B Soundara, Dr. N Karthiga and Mrs. V Preetha [Editors] Department of Civil Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"kind":"article","title":"The Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis in Sigur Plateau, Western Ghats, India: Population, breeding ecology, and threats","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, B. Ramakrishnan","year":2020,"doi":"10.11609/jott.3034.12.13.16752-16763","url":"https://openalex.org/W3088640879","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/3034/6984","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":9,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study aimed to assess the population status, breeding ecology, and conservation threats of Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture in Sigur Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India from June 2011 to May 2012. The population of White-rumped vulture was estimated in the roosting and nesting sites twice in a month. Nesting colonies were systematically visited four times in a month during the breeding season to study nesting and breeding ecology. Carcasses and vulture counting was done by opportunistic count method. Two sets of questionnaires namely ‘precise and closed’ and ‘broad and open-ended’ were developed to asses the people’s perception on vulture conservation. The overall population of White-rumped Vultures was estimated about 70 to 115 individuals. In total, 68 nests were observed in two nesting colonies. Most of the nests (97%) were recorded on Terminalia arjuna and only 3% on Spondias mangifera. Among the 68 constructed nests, 34 were incubated and 30 chicks were fledged out from the nests with 88% breeding success. Feeding behavior was observed from 28 carcasses, Vultures were attended only 15 caracasses an average of 56.04±3.29 individuals of vultures were recorded. Interestingly, Elephant (61.8±5.1) and Indian Gaur (58.5±0.3) carcasses were attracted in greater numbers of vultures in susiquent days (3.5±0.2) than other carcasses. People’s attitude to vulture conservation was positive and useful in 90.82% of the cases (n=99). Cattle carcass disposal method favored to vultures in these regions. The Sigur Plateau to be declared as “Vulture Sanctuary” in order to legally protect and conserve the country’s southern-most wild and viable Critically Endangered White-rumped Vulture population in the landscape."},{"kind":"article","title":"Wild Seve: A Novel Conservation Intervention to Monitor and Address Human-Wildlife Conflict","authors":"Krithi K. Karanth, Anubhav Vanamamalai","year":2020,"doi":"10.3389/fevo.2020.00198","url":"https://openalex.org/W3040195114","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2020.00198/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution","citations":34,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Human-wildlife interactions resulting in conflict remains a global conservation challenge, requiring innovative solutions to ensure the persistence of wildlife amidst people. Wild Seve was established in July 2015 as a conservation intervention program to assist people affected by conflict to file and monitor claims and receive ex-gratia payment from the Indian government. In 48 months of operation, Wild Seve filed and tracked 13,808 claims on behalf of those affected from 19 forest ranges around the Bandipur and Nagarahole National Parks in Karnataka, India. This included 10,082 incidents of crop loss, 1,176 property damage incidents, and 1,720 incidents where crop and property loss occurred together. Wild Seve also filed claims for 782 livestock predation incidents, and assisted in 45 human injury incidents and three human fatalities. Elephant related losses comprised 93.9%, and big cat losses comprised 5.5% of reported cases. Wild Seve provides an immediate response to human-wildlife conflict incidents and improves access to ex-gratia payment schemes. Wild Seve is a low cost intervention that uses open-source technology and leverages existing policies to facilitate ex-gratia payments. The Wild Seve model of monitoring and addressing human-wildlife conflict is adaptable and scalable to high conflict regions globally, to the benefit of people and wildlife."},{"kind":"article","title":"Habitat preference and biotic pressure of four horned antelope in Sathyamangalam Wildlife sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Southern India","authors":"K. C. N. Swamy, M Karthikeyan, D. Boominathan, Ajay A. Desai","year":2020,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3046343150","oa_url":"https://www.faunajournal.com/archives/?year=2020&vol=7&issue=4&part=B&ArticleId=728","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND HABITAT UTILIZATION OF VULTURES IN SATHYAMANGALAM TIGER RESERVE, TAMIL NADU, SOUTHERN INDIA","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, B. Ramakrishnan","year":2020,"doi":"10.35841/2320-9585.8.24-29","url":"https://openalex.org/W3121287517","oa_url":"https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/distribution-pattern-and-habitat-utilization-of-vultures-in-sathyamangalam-tiger-reserve-tamil-nadu-southern-india.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International journal of pure and applied zoology (Online)/International journal of pure and applied zoology","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Vultures are nature’s most successful scavengers, and they provide an array of ecological, economic, and cultural services.\r\n The present study was aimed to attempt on the status, distribution, and habitat utilization of various vulture species in the\r\n Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve from November 2018 to March 2019. In STR, vultures were counted on-road transects; tarred\r\n roads and metal roads are maintained by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department to provide easy access to the villages in the\r\n protected areas of STR. Throughout the survey, a total of 612 (6.43 ± 0.59) individuals of vulture species were recorded in a\r\n 1500km Transect in STR. Of which in 80 sightings a total of 497 (6.21 ± 0.56) White-rumped vultures were recorded with an\r\n Encounter Rate of 0.331 individuals/Km. Maximum 36 vultures and minimum one vulture was recorded in the survey. Range\r\n wise distribution of vulture in STR shows that in six ranges vultures were observed of which Bhavanisagar range has more\r\n number of sightings (n=50) as well as individuals (n=365 7.83 ± 0.92). As considers the presence of vultures within different\r\n vegetation structures in STR, most vulture sightings were recorded in Scrub and Thorn Forest (n=291 8 ± 1.18)."},{"kind":"article","title":"Study on current trends in traffic volume count: Analysis on various modes of Sathyamangalam town","authors":"Loganayagan, S. Ramakrishnan, C. B. Mohan, Amudhan vetrivel","year":2020,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/955/1/012009","url":"https://openalex.org/W3109760424","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/955/1/012009/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract Transportation engineering aims in safe and time productive development of individuals and merchandise through designing strategies and methods on the roadways. Traffic qualities rely upon traffic stream which prompts to safe and time productive development of individuals and items. Without the town’s effective arrangements and traffic executives, the present street foundation can’t meet the needs of the future cities. The number of walkers and vehicles has increased in the last decades due to an increment in the consumption rate of white-color workers. This study contemplates the traffic qualities in Sathyamangalam town and their mode of operations. The work has emphasized the volume of vehicles that flow in the town and examined the performance based on the present condition. The survey is performed by manual techniques in the various point of the selected study area. For a good comprehension of the present traffic stream condition in the intersection and the road, junctions are accounted. The information gathered aids us to comprehend traffic designs in various periods. The study mainly focuses on traffic stream qualities that decide the traffic flow control to maintain the rules and regulation of the transport system. This data acquired from this investigation will help in designing a plan fit for uninterpreted rush-hour traffic with ingenious road systems."},{"kind":"reference","title":"Floristic Structure of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve with special reference to endemic species","authors":"—","year":2020,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341670077_Floristic_Structure_of_Sathyamangalam_Tiger_Reserve_with_special_Reference_to_Endemic_species","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Continuous Water Quality Monitoring Using An Integrated Gis And Remote Sensing Approach And Fish Biomass Assessment In Bhavanisagar Reservoir","authors":"Rojamadhuvanthi C","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/shg.713090-continuous-water-quality-monitoring-using-an-integrated-gis-and-r","oa_url":null,"licence":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Comparative Study on the Socio-Economic Profile of Soligas in Core and Buffer Zone of Biligiri Rangana Hills (B.R Hills) of Karnataka","authors":"Arun Somagond, Biren A. Patel, Mukesh Kumar Singh, Mohit Antil, Seema Yadav, Aniket Sanyal, Suresh H. Basagoudanavar","year":2019,"doi":"10.5455/ijlr.20180711054559","url":"https://openalex.org/W2907479560","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20180711054559","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Livestock Research","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Scope and challenges faced by Soliga tribes of Biligiri Rangan hills of Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka in livestock rearing","authors":"MG Sindhu, K. Natchimuthu, S. Ramkumar, Srinivas Venugopal, S.S.N. Malleswara Rao","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2996843240","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"<i>Eugenia velliangiriana</i>(Myrtaceae), a new species from the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Murugesan Maruthakkutti, V. Ravichandran, C. Murugan, S. Arumugam","year":2019,"doi":"10.1080/00837792.2019.1605234","url":"https://openalex.org/W2946414345","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2019.1605234","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Webbia","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Eugenia velliangiriana sp. nov. (Myrtaceae) is described as a new species from the Velliangiri hills, Coimbatore District, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India. Detailed description, illustration, colour photographs, phenology, key to Indian Eugenia, distribution details, conservation status and relevant ecological notes are provided, along with comparison with its closely allied species Eugenia indica (Wight) Chithra."},{"kind":"article","title":"Spatial variation in the response of tiger gene flow to landscape features and limiting factors","authors":"P. Anuradha Reddy, Jean‐Philippe Puyravaud, Samuel A. Cushman, Harika Segu","year":2019,"doi":"10.1111/acv.12488","url":"https://openalex.org/W2917145718","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Animal Conservation","citations":24,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Integrated landscape management of key population areas along with the corridors linking them is important for tiger conservation in the Indian subcontinent. Relationships between gene flow and landscape patterns, however, cannot be generalized given that different limiting factors influence movement in different spatial contexts . Here, we study the landscape features affecting tiger gene flow in the Western Ghats, and examine how and why limiting landscape features differ between Central India and the Western Ghats. We also assess whether these landscape features have been altered by land use changes in the last five decades. Our study area covers 30 000 km 2 from Bhadra Tiger Reserve to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in India. We used genetic data of 115 tigers and landscape resistance model optimization to create a resistance surface to gene flow in the Western Ghats. Tiger gene flow, both in Central India and the Western Ghats, is primarily related to topographic roughness and secondarily to diffuse disturbance, however these relations are inverted in the two landscapes ‐ in Central India, gene flow correlates with rough terrain, whereas in the Western Ghats, it correlates with smooth, forested terrain with minimal human disturbance. Topographic complexity is an important factor affecting tiger dispersal, but tiger's response to topography seems to be dependent upon interactions with human‐related disturbance. Tigers in Central India favor rough terrain for dispersal primarily because it is the only part of the landscape without heavy human footprint and the last refuge for natural vegetation, whereas in the Western Ghats, forest cover is more extensive in flatter terrain and human footprint is generally lower."},{"kind":"article","title":"To resettle or not?: Socioeconomic characteristics, livelihoods, and perceptions toward resolving human-tiger conflict in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Tharmalingam Ramesh, Riddhika Kalle, Kalyanasundaram Sankar, Qamar Qureshi, Anthony J. Giordano, Colleen T. Downs","year":2019,"doi":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.01.019","url":"https://openalex.org/W2914955981","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Land Use Policy","citations":27,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Harvesting and Local Knowledge of a Cultural Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP): Gum-Resin from Boswellia serrata Roxb. in Three Protected Areas of the Western Ghats, India","authors":"K. V. Soumya, C. Shackleton, S. Setty","year":2019,"doi":"10.3390/f10100907","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/64146bdb58d0ebdea90fe3e2d2630f67bd716602","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/10/907/pdf?version=1571814998","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Forests","citations":12,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Soliga tribes in the Western Ghats, India harvest some NTFPs (non-timber forest products) for religious purposes. They extract gum-resin from Boswellia serrata Roxb. in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRT), Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS), and Malai Mahadeshwara Wildlife Sanctuary (MMH) in the state of Karnataka, India. They use gum-resin as a cultural offering to the deities in the temples in these study sites and in their households. The traditional harvesting practices adopted by the Soliga tribes in these protected areas, types of gum-resin extracted, and the nature of the extraction processes were examined. The research undertook 346 household surveys with gum-resin harvesters and non-harvesters across 15 villages, along with 60 field trips with the harvesters, during which field harvesting activities and practices were noted. Six different types of gum-resin were harvested, with marked differences between the three sites. Because of the different types of gum-resin, the quantities harvested were also significantly different between sites. Approximately 80% of the harvesters were aware of some harmful methods of harvesting gum-resin, and some harvesters highlighted that B. serrata trees would yield gum-resin only when damaged. Such damage could be human-made or through the effects of elephants, wind, Trigona honey harvest, deer horns or body rubbing and longhorn beetles. Most (81%) of the non-harvesters surveyed previously practiced gum-resin harvesting but had ceased for a variety of reasons, mostly because of insufficient demand and hence income from the sale of gum-resin, insufficient supply, or fear of wild animals in the forests. Considering these cultural practices, experiences, and beliefs of the Soliga communities can help inform management plans and conservation of the species in its natural habitat."},{"kind":"article","title":"Rediscovery and Typification of Habenaria polyodon Hook. f., a little known narrow endemic orchid from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"V. Ravichandran, M. Manikandan, C. Murugan","year":2019,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-4u20d0","url":"https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-4u20d0","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Theeran  Chinnamalai:Hero of the First Phase of Freedom Struggle in Erode District","authors":"S. Jothimani","year":2019,"doi":"10.15613/hijrh/2019/v6i1/183884","url":"https://doi.org/10.15613/hijrh/2019/v6i1/183884","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"HuSS: International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Impact Study on Job Satisfaction of Private Hospital Nurses in Erode District","authors":"P. Mohan Raj, K. Vidhya","year":2019,"doi":"10.18843/ijms/v6i1(1)/18","url":"https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v6i1(1)/18","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Management Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Economics of turmeric cultivation in Erode district of Tamil Nadu","authors":"V. Kavitha, M. Chinnadurai, S. Angles, R. Sangeetha","year":2019,"doi":"10.18805/ag.d-4800","url":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-4800","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Research on Buying Behaviour on Organic Foods with Special Reference to Erode District","authors":null,"year":2019,"doi":"10.35940/ijitee.l1116.10812s19","url":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.l1116.10812s19","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Livelihood Security of Women Agricultural Labourers in Erode District of Tamilnadu","authors":null,"year":2019,"doi":"10.35940/ijitee.b1209.1292s219","url":"https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.b1209.1292s219","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Genealogies and Politics of Belonging: People, Nature and Conservation in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Ajit Menon, Manasi Karthik","year":2019,"doi":"10.4103/cs.cs_17_149","url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/cs.cs_17_149","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Conservation and Society","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Social Assay on Bargur Cattle Farming System in Tamil Nadu","authors":"N Kavithaa, N Rajkumar, P Mathialagan","year":2019,"doi":"10.5455/ijlr.20190530090550","url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20190530090550","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Livestock Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Status of elephant corridors in Tamil Nadu","authors":"Unni Ravisankar, C. Sekhar, K Baranidharan, A. Vidhyavathi","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2954852210","oa_url":"https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue3/PartO/7-3-118-515.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The study was carried out in Coimbatore Forest Circle because of frequent Man-Animal Conflicts occurred in recent years by following a mixed sampling approach. The most commonly assumed distinguishing characteristic of a corridor is its function as a linear landscape element to facilitate species movement. Tamil Nadu is the major stakeholder state in the project elephant. It has 5 elephant sanctuaries covering 7940 sq.km with 6776 elephants were enumerated in 2005, 19 elephant corridors and 4 interstate corridors linking to elephant sanctuaries in Karnataka. In India 88 elephant corridors were identified as being currently in use by the elephants across the elephant reserve areas. Of these, 12 are in North Western India, 20 in Central India, 14 in North West Bengal, 22 in North-Eastern India and 20 in South India. Among these corridors, the elephants are using around 77 per cent of the corridors. Based on Standard Analysis (SA) about one third are of ecologically high priority and 67 per cent are of medium importance. To document the fact sheets of the corridors, a sample plot was chosen covering an area of 0.25 acre and the tree species available in the plot were recorded to highlight the food species of elephants and the obstacles established in the corridor were also identified. School buildings, Ashrams, Research Institutions of State and Central Government were the obstacles besides establishment of private plantations adjacent to the corridor. As per the norms, two chain length of the land space from reserve forest zone should be freely available to avoid the animal entry into the human habitations. But the two chain length space has been illegally occupied and made into Patta lands and established private plantations of commercial importance and hence these lands have to be secured by the Forest Department under the head of conservation plan to make the corridors free from encroachment."},{"kind":"article","title":"ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USING FOLDSCOPE: A PAPER BASED ORIGAMI MICROSCOPE-(NEW DIAGNOSTIC TOOL)","authors":"S. SHARMILA, E. K. RAMYA, S. Mownika","year":2019,"doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i6.36335","url":"https://openalex.org/W2990971178","oa_url":"https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijcpr/article/download/36335/21184","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Objective: This study mainly focussed how foldscope can be used as an efficient viewable tool to detect in morphological and anatomical investigation of various bioactive medicinal plants. Microscope provides a beneficial instrument for visualization of living cells. Its cost is very high which is not affordable for rural based educational institutes. Foldscope is the ultra-affordable and versatile, paper microscope designed to be extremely portable, durable and to give optical quality similar to conventional research microscopes.&#x0D; Methods: For enhancing scientific temperament among rural children, Indian Born Scientist (Dr. Manu Prakash) has introduced an ultra-low-cost foldable origami-based approach for large-scale manufacturing of microscope, specifically demonstrating bright field, dark field and fluorescence microscopes. However, its potential as in research tool in the area of aromatic medicinal plants is still not known. The slides were prepared by own and were observed with the magnification power of 140X.&#x0D; Results: The result of the present study reported that the Foldcsope images revealed viable stained areas in the respective plant parts like trichomes, stomata, pollen grains, stem and leaf of different medicinal plants and indicating their live activities.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the attractive images captured from the Foldscope, the uses of foldscope were recommended to public. Previously we had organized some awareness cum demonstration programme regarding foldscope and its applications in the field of science education in the different educational institute of Erode District, Tamilnadu. Based on the clarity of images and easy handling of Foldscope the uses of origami microscope were recommended for higher studies."},{"kind":"article","title":"Community Development Through Sustainable Technology—A Proposed Study with Irula Tribe of Masinagudi and Ebbanad Villages of Nilgiri District","authors":"T. V. Rajeevan, S. Rajendrakumar, Senthil Kumar Thangavel, Sarvesh Kumar, P. Subramaniam","year":2019,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-15-0029-9_20","url":"https://openalex.org/W2989420931","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Animal husbandry practices of Soliga tribe in core and buffer zone of Biligiri Rangana hills of Karnataka","authors":"Arun Somagond, Brijesh Patel, G. K. Gaur, Mukesh Singh, Triveni Dutt, M. R. Verma, V. Umapathi, THAMOTIRAN THAMOTIRAN","year":2019,"doi":"10.56093/ijans.v89i2.87347","url":"https://openalex.org/W4312658078","oa_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/IJAnS/article/download/87347/35655","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Soliga tribe is one of the most backward tribe among all other tribes in Karnataka and still they are not in mainstream of the society. Majority of the Soligas are rearing livestock species and cattle and goats are predominant ones. This contributes seasonal income. It can be concluded that Soligas in the buffer zone had better access to treatment and marketing facilities than core zone."},{"kind":"article","title":"Gestural Communication of Wild Bonnet Macaques in the Bandipur National Park, Southern India","authors":"Shreejata Gupta, Anindya Sinha","year":2019,"doi":"10.1101/739441","url":"https://openalex.org/W2968721301","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/08/20/739441.full.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","citations":12,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Nonhuman primate gestures are believed to be crucial evolutionary precursors of human language. Comparative studies on primate gestures in an evolutionary framework have, however, remained largely restricted to the great apes and the potential flexibility and richness of gestural communication in monkeys, especially in the wild, continue to be virtually unknown. In this paper, we followed several criteria, adapted from ape gesture studies, to identify gestures and evaluate their contexts of usage in the repertoire of wild bonnet macaques Macaca radiata in the Bandipur National Park of southern India. This report is the first of its kind to systematically identify gestures in any wild, non-ape species, thus providing a platform for comparative studies across primate taxa, particularly in our efforts to trace out the phylogenetic origins of language-like markers in the primate lineage, earlier than in the great apes."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diversity of Blattidids (Cockroaches) in Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Prabakaran, M. Senraj, Soosaimanickam Maria Packiam, Deepa Jaiswal","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3089210240","oa_url":"https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue4/PartP/7-3-73-147.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Nilgiri’s hills is located at an altitude of 1000 to 2600 MSL, and has a variety of forest types covered with its latitudinal and longitudinal location is 130 km (Latitude: 11°12 N to 11°37 N) by 185 km (Longitude: 76°30 E to 76°55 E). This research investigated the diversity and abundance of Blattids (Cockroaches) found in several types of plantation in the forest area. The Blattids were collected by using artocarpus traps and by hand picking methods. In this present study on attempt in made to report baseline taxonomy and classification of 18 species Blattids under 15 genera belonging to 3 families from Nilgiri Biosphere reserve based on available literature, online data base and some specimens were collected from Nilgiri hills during the period of October, November and December, 2018. Microdina forceps, Neostylopyga maindroni and Pseudectobia luneli are endemic to Tamil Nadu after the first description there is no report from this area."},{"kind":"article","title":"The mismeasure of nature: the political ecology of economic valuation of Tiger Reserves in India","authors":"Ajit Menon, Nitin Rai","year":2019,"doi":"10.2458/v26i1.23194","url":"https://openalex.org/W2991372175","oa_url":"https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/JPE/article/download/23194/22286","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Political Ecology","citations":16,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Indian state has conserved tigers by establishing reserves that are governed as a form of fortress conservation. Residence and local uses in these tiger reserves are often criminalized. It is in this context that we critique recent neoliberal attempts to estimate the economic value of ecosystem services from tiger reserves. Proponents of valuation argue that it will not only provide a justification for the reserves, but also recognize the importance of ecosystem services for human well-being. We use a political ecology approach to argue that economic valuation is never a benign tool, but is situated in wider institutional contexts that favor certain actors over others. In India, protected areas are being valued even as people living within them are being evicted and their use of the forest restricted. We draw from fieldwork in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Hills of Karnataka and conversations with Soligas. We ask how nature is made legible and who benefits from such legibility? We suggest that economic valuation can hide complex human-nature relationships and undermine different ways of knowing and 'valuing' landscapes."},{"kind":"article","title":"Shola tree regeneration is lower under Lantana camara L. thickets in the upper Nilgiris plateau, India","authors":"Muneer Ul Islam Najar, Jean‐Philippe Puyravaud, Priya Davidar","year":2019,"doi":"10.11609/jott.4918.11.12.14562-14568","url":"https://openalex.org/W2976085549","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/4918/6451","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Lantana camara is a dominant invasive shrub in many protected areas of India including the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR). We conducted a study to assess the regeneration potential of endemic native (shola) trees under different levels of Lantana infestation in the upper plateau of NBR. A total of 61 plots in a total area of 0.73ha were sampled, out of which 0.57ha was in Lantana dominated sites and 0.16ha in undisturbed shola forests. The plots were classified as per the level of Lantana infestation (intensive, moderate, and low infestation). We found that regeneration of shola trees, including endemics decreased with increasing intensity of Lantana invasion. No regeneration occurred in the intensively infested plots whereas regeneration was high in undisturbed shola forests.&#x0D;"},{"kind":"article","title":"Etnobotanical Studies on Solanum species from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"K. A. Ramesh Kumar, A Xavier Susai Raj, Kathiresan Sivakumar","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3011245256","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"ASSOCIATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL SPECIES IN THE PLANT SPECIES OF BARGUR HILLS, ERODE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA","authors":"S Santhoshkumar, Niranjan Nagarajan, S Naveen","year":2019,"doi":"10.26524/krj291","url":"https://openalex.org/W3002190416","oa_url":"https://krjournal.com/index.php/krj/article/download/376/303","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Kongunadu Research Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present study was carried out the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonization and spore population diversity some medicinal plants species at Bargur hills Western Ghats of (Anthyur taluk), Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. Root and rhizosphere soil samples were collected during the month of August,2017-March, 2018 from the surface to 20 cm depth as well as pH were also measured. Totally 25 plant species belonging to 19 families recovered Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore and root colonization. The results of the present study arbuscular mycorrhizal spore population in the rhizosphere soil and rootcolonization of all the plant species. A total of 22 AM fungal species belonging to 7 genera and 2 different orders were recorded from the rhizosphere soil samples of this study region. The Glomus was dominant had seen in rhizosphere soil samples in all the medicinal plant species. The maximum spore population was found in the rhizosphere soil samples of Leucas aspera (470 /100 g soil) which belongs to the family Lamiaceae and lowest spore population was observed in the Tephorosia purpurea (123 /100g soil) belongs to Fabaceae. The highest 83 % AM fungal infection was found in roots of Achyranthus aspera belongs to the family Amaranthaceae, while the lowest 23 % AM fungal association was found in the root of Mimosa pudica belongs to the family Mimosaceae."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of moisture Stress management practices and irrigation regimes on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"M Rajasekar, Prabhakaran Nk, Thiyagarajan","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3087874405","oa_url":"https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2019/vol8issue3/PartAA/8-2-429-754.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India during rabi 2017 and 2018 to study the influence of moisture stress management practices on plant growth and yield of maize. Study revealed that irrigation scheduling at IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 produced significantly higher crop growth rate (3.09 g m-2 day-1), dry matter production (17315 kg ha-1) and yield (7188 kg ha-1) and was comparable with IW/CPE ratio of 0.8. Among the foliar application of treatments PPFM 1% recorded significantly higher crop growth rate (3.03 g m-2 day-1), dry matter production (16736 kg ha-1) and yield (6847 kg ha-1) followed by silicic acid 0.2%. Higher water use efficiency was recorded in IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 (19.41 kg ha-1 mm-1). Foliar application of PPFM 1% recorded significantly higher water use efficiency (18.63 kg ha-1 mm-1). Under water deficit irrigation IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 with foliar application of PPFM 1% produced higher yield (6842 kg ha-1) which was comparable with that of normal irrigation of IW/CPE ratio of 0.8. Results from the study indicated there is no superiority in IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 over 0.8 hence, under normal water availability situation, irrigating at IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 is good enough to produce higher yield while under water scarcity condition IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 with foliar application of PPFM 1% is suitable for obtaining optimum yield and higher water use efficiency."},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance Of Fertigated Aerobic Rice Under Drip Irrigation","authors":"S. Natarajan, V. K. Duraisamy, K.S. Usharani","year":2019,"doi":"10.1201/9780429060601-10","url":"https://openalex.org/W2915410027","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Apple Academic Press eBooks","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present investigation was carried out to study the influence of irrigation levels and nitrogen doses on aerobic rice under drip irrigation in sandy loam soils. Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India. The treatments included four irrigation levels (irrigation at 100%, 125%, 150% PE daily and conventional irrigation at IW/CPE = 1.25) and three fertigation levels (100,150 and 200 kg N ha –1 ) of Nitrogen. The experiment was laid in Split-plot design replicated thrice with the test variety as PMK 3, with a duration of 130–135 days. Irrigation was given daily based on daily Pan Evaporation rate. With reference to different irrigation levels, 150% PE on daily basis recorded significantly higher grain yield (5069 kg ha –1 ), WUE (7.37 kg/ha-mm) and net income of Rs. 33607 ha –1 (560.12 US$/ha) and B:C ratio of 1.88. For nitrogen levels, 150 kg N per ha recorded significantly higher grain yield (4146 kg ha –1 ), WUE (6.69 kg/ha-mm) and net income of Rs. 20464 ha –1 (341.07 US$/ha) and B:C ratio of 1.53. For aerobic rice, the irrigation at 150% PE on daily basis combined with 150 kg N per ha recorded significantly higher grain (5483 kg ha –1 ), WUE (8.18 kg/ha-mm) and higher net income of Rs. 39448 ha –1 (657.47 US$/ha) and B:C ratio of 2.03."},{"kind":"article","title":"Variability and association studies in pod and seed traits in half-sibs progenies of Thespesia populnea in Tamil Nadu","authors":"R. Rajendran, M Vairavan, P. Prabakaran, N. Krishnakumar, KT Parthiban","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3088382828","oa_url":"https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue6/PartAG/7-6-327-822.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Chemical Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present study was carried out to identify superior candidate plus trees of Thespesia populnea across its natural distribution in Tamil Nadu and pods were collected for tree improvement work. The pod and seed physical parameters viz., 100 pod weight, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed breadth and germination per cent were studied. The seeds collected from Bhavanisagar (FCRI TP 12), Periyampatti (FCRI TP15) and T. Nagar (FCRI TP 16) region were superior in all traits studied compared to other regions of Tamil Nadu. These progenies can be utilized for quality seedling production in nursery."},{"kind":"article","title":"Optimization of Irrigation and Fertigation Scheduling for Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) through Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"M. Manikandan, G. Thiyagarajan, S. Thenmozhi, S. Natarajan, J. Bhuvaneswari, N. K. Prabhakaran","year":2019,"doi":"10.12944/carj.7.1.14","url":"https://openalex.org/W2937567615","oa_url":"http://agriculturejournal.org/download/6695","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Current Agriculture Research Journal","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) under Sub Surface Drip Irrigation (SSDI) is gaining momentum among the farmers because of more output with less input. Even though the benefits of SSI under SSDI are realized by farmers, development of optimal irrigation and fertigation schedule is need of the hour for Western Agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. Field trials were carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar from 2014 to 2017 to develop an optimal irrigation and fertigation schedule for SSI for Western Agro-climatic zone. The experiment was taken in a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of eight treatments of which six treatments comprised of SSDI with three irrigation regimes of 100, 80 and 60 percent pan evaporation and two fertigation levels of 100 and 75 percent of recommended N &amp; K and two treatments in surface drip irrigation (SDI) with 100 percent pan evaporation (PE) + 100 percent RD and 100 percent PE + 75 percent RD of N&amp;K through fertigation. The results of this study revealed that SSDI with 60 per cent PE + 100 per cent RD of N&amp;K through fertigation recorded lower water use (1004 mm) and higher WUE (113 kg/ha-mm). However, significantly higher and comparable yield of sugarcane (148 t/ha) was recorded in SSDI with 100 per cent PE + 100 per cent RD of N&amp;K through fertigation and surface drip irrigation with 100 per cent PE + 100 per cent RD of N&amp;K through fertigation. The net return (Rs. 2,09,405 per ha) and B:C ratio (2.6) was higher in SSDI with 100per cent PE + 100 per cent RD of N&amp;K through fertigation treatment."},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of industrial wastewater disposal on surface water bodies in Kalingarayan canal, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"T. Mohanakavitha, K. Shankar, R. Divahar, T. Meenambal, R. Saravanan","year":2019,"doi":"10.26832/24566632.2019.040403","url":"https://openalex.org/W2996057465","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.040403","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science","citations":43,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Kalingarayan canal is crossing the major textile town Erode which is abundantly occupied by textile units. Major streams carrying the untreated / semi treated industrial effluents are mixed into the canal. However, the gradual introduction of a large number of new chemical compounds and the technologies has resulted in a much higher number of contaminants today. The original situation, which local intense pollution from a limited number of well-defined sources has been transferred into a situation with widespread contamination by a large variety of compounds from a multitude of sources. Continuous disposal of industrial effluents on the canal, limited assimilate capacity of the canal and also leads to groundwater pollution. Kalingarayan canal has helped to cultivate more than 6000 hectares. For the past few years, Kalingarayan farmers and cattle are experiencing various problems. The area of cultivation is reduced to 3000 hectares because of the contamination in the canal by the different polluting industries like tanneries, textiles and dyeing units located in Erode and Tirupur areas. Hence yield on their lands has decreased to a certain extent. Thus, this study gives a clear picture of pollution sources, types of effluents added in the canal. The scope of the present study is to assess the impact on the surface water of the Kalingarayan canal, a comprehensive experimental study to identify the pollutant levels in the surface water of the Kalingarayan canal and to suggest a suitable remedial measure to handle this problem."},{"kind":"article","title":"A new record of the family Isonychiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from the Western Ghats, India with a description of new species","authors":"M. Vasanth, C. Selvakumar, K. A. Subramanian, R. Babu, K. G. Sivaramakrishnan","year":2019,"doi":"10.11646/zootaxa.4586.1.9","url":"https://openalex.org/W2936828525","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zootaxa","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A new species belonging to the subgenus Isonychia, of the genus Isonychia Eaton, 1871, is described based on larvae and imagoes collected from Moyar River, Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, India. The imagoes of I. moyarensis n. sp. can be distinguished from other described Oriental species of Isonychia (Isonychia) by the combination of characters: (i) forewing with rusty brown maculae in the costal, subcostal, and median areas; (ii) femur and tibia brown, fore leg pale, apices of tarsal segments brownish; (iii) males with distal angles of penes rounded, without serrations; (iv) second segment of gonostylus uniformly convex; and (v) sterna of tenth abdominal segment in female deeply cleft. Isonychia (Isonychia) moyarensis n. sp. can be distinguished in the larval stage from other known Oriental species by the following combination of characters: (i) abdominal terga II-IX with median dark brown maculae progressively larger with dark brown slanting streaks in lateral margins; (ii) trachea of abdominal gills I-VII unbranched; (iii) posterolateral projections on abdominal segments I-VII blunt and progressively longer than those of segments VIII-IX, sharp and distinct; and (iv) abdominal terga X pale yellow in anterior ⅓, and dark brown in the posterior ⅔. A key to the known larvae of Oriental species of Isonychia is also provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Indian Rock Python: mating behaviour of Python molurus molurus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Moyar River Valley, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Chinnasamy Ramesh, Nehru Prabakaran, Sreedharan Nair Vishnu, Sivapushanam Karthy, Vedagiri Thiru Murugan, Abhijit Das, Gautam Taluktar","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2916540101","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos' Print/Zoos' print","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Molai Aadu Goat Warrant Immediate Registration and Conservation","authors":"T. Ravimurugan, Angeline J Kirubakaran","year":2019,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2019.801.186","url":"https://openalex.org/W2914124141","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/8-1-2019/T. Ravimurugan and A. Kirubakaran.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Molai aadu is a lesser known goat breed rearing for meat purpose in Tamil Nadu and not yet registered as distinct breed. So far no sincere efforts have been made for registration of this population of important genotype. Hence, the present study was carried out to document Molai Aadu goat by using the proforma developed by the NBAGR, Karnal. Molai aadu goat is very popular among the breeders and has spread to Salem, Namakkal, Karur, Erode and Tirupur districts. The goat is prevalently spread to Chithode, Kavundapadi, Sirivaloor, Nambiyoor, Kanjikovil and Nallampatty areas of Erode district. The Molai Aadu goat is moderate in size with musculature. The colour of the animal mostly white in colour sometimes varies from complete white to light brown shades. The average body weights in males at birth, 3month, 6month, 9month, 12month and two-four tooth age groups were found as 2.05, 7.50, 12.45, 15.0, 17.75 and 29.15 kg, respectively. The corresponding values for females were 1.85, 6.70, 10.50, 13.5, 16.0 and 26.35 kg, respectively. The average reproductive performance viz. age at first kidding, kidding interval and gestation length were observed as 14.45 months (Range 14-20 months), 8.14 months (Range 6-9 months) and 147.81 days (Range 145-151 days), respectively. About 32 per cent does have a tendency of giving birth to twins. The goat had good reproductive ability and recorded litter size with maximum of six kids. In situ conservation of the breed and establishment of elite nucleus herds in the Government farms may be undertaken."},{"kind":"article","title":"Gender and poverty An economic analysis of intrahousehold allocation of resources A study of Sathyamangalam Taluk in Erode district Tamil Nadu South India","authors":"P. Kanakarani","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2995800055","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Comparative analysis of species composition in invasive species (Prosopis juliflora) eradicated and non-eradicated forest area of Sathyamangalam forest division of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Jaya Sri Balaji E, M Prasanthrajan, S. Radhakrishnan, A. Balasubramanian","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3087985486","oa_url":"https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue2/PartJ/7-1-378-506.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Chemical Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present work examined the impact of Prosopis juliflora invasion on the species diversity in tropical forest of Bhavanisagar Forest Range, Sathyamangalam Forest Division. Simple random sampling techniques were used for vegetation analysis. In the study area, 18 tree species, 19 shrubs and 15 herbs were documented in Prosopis juliflora eradicated area. In non eradicated area, 11 tree species 10 shrub species and 7 herb species were documented. It is interesting to note that, the density of trees, shrubs and herbs were high in Prosopis juliflora eradicated area with superior ground vegetation. This study confirms the superior regeneration and high density of native flora in Prosopis juliflora eradicated area and this will help in protecting the native species of forest by removing the Prosopis juliflora."},{"kind":"article","title":"STATUS OF FALL ARMYWORM SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (J.E. SMITH) IN SUGARCANE IN TAMIL NADU STATE, INDIA, A YEAR AFTER ITS FIRST OCCURRENCE","authors":"Srikanth Jandhyala, N. Geetha, P. Mahesh, L. Saravanan, B. Singaravelu, K. P. Salin","year":2019,"doi":"10.37580/jsr.2019.2.9.176-183","url":"https://openalex.org/W3034239188","oa_url":"https://epubs.icar.org.in/index.php/JSR/article/download/100970/39800","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Sugarcane Research","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The status of fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on sugarcane in Tamil Nadu State, India, in the past one year, i.e. since its first occurrence on the crop in November 2018, is presented in this communication with comparative observations in maize. In M/s Bannari Amman Sugars Ltd, Sathyamangalam, attack rates in young sugarcane (cv Co 14061) crop were lower (0.0- 7.2%) than in maize (86.4%). In M/s Amaravathi Sugars, Udumalpet, too, sugarcane (cv Co 86032) recorded lower (1.7%) attack rates than maize (33.8%). The incidence level in M/s Sakthi Sugars, Appakudal, was about 20.0%. In experimental plots, the attack rates in diverse germplasm, including commercial hybrids, was less than 2.2%. Selected life-history parameters such as percent of pupation, percent of adult emergence and sex ratio recorded in small field-collected samples were more or less same in sugarcane and maize. Likewise, pupal period and pupal weight of males and females did not differ significantly between the two hosts. The entomopathogenic fungus Metarrhizium (=Nomuraea) rileyi (Farl.) Kepler, Rehner &amp; Humber was observed in FAW larvae collected from maize and not sugarcane. The host preference displayed by FAW and M. rileyi was discussed in relation to the long-term occurrence of the former and biological control prospects with the latter."},{"kind":"article","title":"Livelihood Status Of Uraly Tribes In Sathyamangalam Block, Tamil Nadu","authors":"A. C., C. Satheesh Kumar","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2994995111","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International journal of scientific and technology research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Endophytic Mycobiota recorded from Clerodendrum inerme and their biological activities","authors":"M. Dhakshinamoorthy, Kannan Kilavan Packiam","year":2019,"doi":"10.36460/kavaka/53/2019/85-91","url":"https://openalex.org/W2998842231","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.36460/kavaka/53/2019/85-91","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Kavaka","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Endophytic fungi were isolated from the medicinal plant, (L.) Gaertn., which was collected from Western Ghats of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu. As many as 150 segments were screened from leaves, twigs and shoots of selected medicinal plant. A total of 31 species which belong to 31 genera were recorded among which 12 isolates were classified into sterile morpho species. Biodiversity indices such as Gleason index (G) and Shannon index of leaf, shoot, twigs shows the maximum species diversity. Jaccard's similarity coefficient represents the maximum similarity in leaves-twigs (0.20) followed by leaves-shoot (0.2631) and twigsleaves (0.1764). The selected endophytic fungal strains were mass cultured in modified PDB medium at 272C for 14 days. Mycelia and broth were separated by filtration. The mycelial cells were ultra sonicated and the biological compounds were extracted through chloroform and methanol. The compounds were tested and also quantified, the antioxidant property was evaluated by employing DPPH, FRAP, FTC, TPC, and TBA assays. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity recorded was around 99% inhibition at the concentration of 6.25-20mg/mL. The total phenolic content of 3.142-4.4452.85 g/mL was evaluated and compared with standard Tannic acid. The endophytic fungal extract was evaluated for its antibacterial activities. Agar well diffusion exhibits the inhibition range of 15-22mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration showed the antibacterial potency at lower concentration of 12.5-25g/mL with all gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains studied."},{"kind":"article","title":"Co-operatives and Agricultural Development:A Study in Sathyamangalam Block of Erode District","authors":"P. S. Shanmugam, N. Arivazhagan","year":2019,"doi":"10.15613/hijrh/2019/v6i2/190587","url":"https://openalex.org/W3006191993","oa_url":"http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/hijrh/article/download/190587/178678","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"HuSS International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"India is primarily based on agriculture in which more than half of its population is dependent for their livelihood. Even though the share of agriculture in GDP is decreasing due to industrialization, its development is inevitable. The most important issue that hurdles the development of agriculture is finance. Among the various sources of raising finance for agriculture, institutional finance plays an important role. In this regard, the present study aims to analyze the role of co-operative societies in promoting agricultural development in Sathyamangalam block of Erode District. The land holding pattern, details of loan amount availed, cropping pattern, awareness towards lending pattern of co-operative societies and the major determinants of amount of loan availed are also examined."},{"kind":"article","title":"Floristic Structure of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve with special Reference to Endemic species","authors":"L. Prakash, P. Balasubramanian, C. Anbarasu","year":2019,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-ouo7nz","url":"https://openalex.org/W3208914290","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present study was carried out to prepare a comprehensive list of endemic flowering plants occurring in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Southern Eastern Ghats. A total of 147 species of endemic flowering plants belonging to 113 genera and 46 families were recorded. The family Acanthaceae harbours highest number of endemic species."},{"kind":"article","title":"Faunal diversity of Sathyamangalam tiger reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"K Baranidharan, M. Vijayabhama, P Bhuvensh","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3089025388","oa_url":"https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue5/PartN/7-3-108-524.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Biodiversity encompasses of variety and variability of all living organisms on the earth. India is one among the 17 mega diverse countries in the world with 2.4% of the land area, accounting for 7-8% of the species of the world. India is one of these mega-diverse countries with 2.4% of the land area, accounting for 7-8% of the species of the world 91,000 species of animals and 45,500 species of plants that have been documented in its ten bio-geographic regions. Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve encompasses large contiguous Reserve Forests extending over 1455 sq. km with diversity of vegetation types from dry thorn shrub to patches of semi-evergreen forests in the upper regions. It is part of 7th elephant reserve and facilitates annual migration between Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats. In this study the rich Faunal and herpto-Faunal Diversity of the area is assessed. This results revealed that so far 21 mammal species has been recorded in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, through direct and indirect evidences. In that 15 species of herbivores 5 species of carnivores and 1 species of omnivore were recorded. The result shows that mammal population was recorded maximum in December followed by September and March. The herpeto-faunal diversity of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve study brought to elucidate the information on 13 species of reptiles and 4 species of amphibians were recorded. Regarding the season, the result shows that reptile population was recorded maximum in September followed by December and March. Regarding the IUCN status of fauna based on the Red Data Book 38 faunal species were recorded in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, 21 species mammals among them 11 are Least Concern, 4 Near Threatened, 3 Vulnerable and 3 Endangered, 13 species of reptiles among them 9 Not Assessed, 2 Least Concern, 1 Near Threatened, 1 Vulnerable and 4 species of amphibians among them 4 Least Concern according to IUCN status."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecological impact of Prosopis juliflora on the habitat conditions of blackbuck in Sathyamangalam tiger reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Nikhil Kumar Rajput, K Baranidharan, M. Vijayabhama, Akshay Sawant","year":2019,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2972153088","oa_url":"https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2019/vol7issue3/PartK/7-3-44-742.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Changing Patterns of Families through the Intervention of Non-Governmental Organizations: A study among the Soliga Tribes of Biligiri Rangana Hills","authors":"Boopathy Usharani","year":2018,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2787661683","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Canopy Cover on Understory Invasive Alien Species in the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India","authors":"Muneer Ul Islam Najar, Abdul Rahim","year":2018,"doi":"10.4172/2327-4417.1000194","url":"https://openalex.org/W2802447762","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Biodiversity Management & Forestry","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Objectives:We assessed the diversity of invasive alien plant species in the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (one of the main protected areas located in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve) to see whether the density and diversity were associated with forest canopy cover. This study was carried out in the pre-monsoon season from January to March 2015, when deciduous trees had shed their leaves and the canopy was relatively open.Methods: A total of 45 (20 m by 20 m) quadrats in different areas of the sanctuary were sampled. The total area sampled was 1.8 ha. All the plant species with a height of 10 cm and above were recorded and after proper identification only invasive alien species were considered. The GPS coordinates, the type of canopy cover (evergreen or deciduous) and the percentage of canopy cover were also recorded.Results: A total of 22 invasive alien plant species belonging to nine families was recorded. Out of this, 14 species (64%) belong to the Neotropics, 5 species (23%) to Africa, 2 species (9%) to West Indies and 1 species (4%) to South East Asia. Eupatorium odoratum (42.8±6.3) had the highest density followed by Lantana camara (13.6±3.2). Eupatorium odoratum was significantly and negatively correlated with canopy cover (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = -0.38, p=0.03), whereas L. camara was not associated with canopy cover (Pearson’s correlation coefficient = - 0.09, ns). This suggests that E. odoratum is more sensitive to the light levels than L. camara.Conclusion: This study provides little insights into the status of invasive alien species in an area known for its high levels of endemism."},{"kind":"article","title":"Checklist of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Silent Valley National Park, Western Ghats, Kerala, India","authors":"Sabitha, Kundungal Harsha, Raveendran Lekshmi, Kasi Gopinath, Chinnasamy Balalakshmi","year":2018,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2948522749","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Silent Valley National Park (SVNP) is an effectively protected, representative example of tropical evergreen forest in India and one of the important natural heritage sites in the world. The valley comes under the core zone of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of Western Ghats.                                                                                      The present study investigates the ground inhabiting ant diversity in SVNP. Sampling was carried out in six different locations in the valley. Bait traps and an intense all-out search were used to collect ground dwelling ants. A total number of 30 genera representing 40 species of ants belonging to the 6 families were collected and identified. Among the subfamilies recorded, Myrmicinae was the most abundant with 12 genera and 14 species, followed by Formicinae with 7 genera and 12 species, Ponerinae with 6 genera and 9 species, Dolichoderinae with 3 genera and 3 species and finally, Aenictinae and Cerapachyinae with 1genus and 1 species each. Among them, three subfamilies Myrmicinae, Formicinae and Ponerinae were dominant representing 83.33% of the genera and 87.50% of the species. Two most species rich genera was Pachycondyla (3 species) and Polyrhachis (4 species) similar to the observed pattern in the Western Ghats. Four invasive ant species, namely Anoplolepis gracilipes, Monomorium sp., Paratrechina longicornis and Tapinoma melanocephalum were identified from the study area. The present paper recommends serious efforts to study and document the existing ant fauna found in different habitats and their role in the forest ecosystem."},{"kind":"article","title":"Additional file 2: of Growth and metabolic characteristics of oleaginous microalgal isolates from Nilgiri biosphere Reserve of India","authors":"T. Kalaiselvi, Preethi Radha Krishnan, Srimeena Nagaiah, Senthil Kuppusamy, Senthil Chinnasamy, Jude Sudhagar Rajadorai, Gopal Nellaiappan Olaganathan, Dananjeyan Balachandar","year":2018,"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.5882155","url":"https://openalex.org/W4394145553","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5882155","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Figshare","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"xml file of phylogenetic data. (XML 50 kb)"},{"kind":"article","title":"Significant decline of forest fires in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"C. Sudhakar Reddy, K.V. Satish, P.V.V. Prasada Rao","year":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.rsase.2018.07.002","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2018.07.002","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Sightings Of Merlin &lt;I&gt;Falco columbarius&lt;/I&gt; in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats","authors":"N. R. Anoop, R. Nagarajan, S. Babu, P. V. Karunakaran","year":2018,"doi":"10.17087/jbnhs/2017/v114/73239","url":"https://doi.org/10.17087/jbnhs/2017/v114/73239","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (JBNHS)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Customer Satisfaction on Services of Private Sector Banks in Erode District of Tamilnadu","authors":"K. Vasudevan","year":2018,"doi":"10.18843/ijms/v5i2(7)/11","url":"https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5i2(7)/11","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Management Studies","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Behaviour and Attitude of Newspaper Readers’ in Erode District","authors":"K. Venkatachalam, K. Jamunadevi","year":2018,"doi":"10.18843/ijms/v5i4(6)/15","url":"https://doi.org/10.18843/ijms/v5i4(6)/15","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Management Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance of frontline demonstrations on sesame in Erode district of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S Saravanakumar, RD Srinivasan","year":2018,"doi":"10.5958/2250-0499.2018.00084.8","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2018.00084.8","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Farm Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Ebanking in Rural India with Special Reference to Selected Taluk in Erode District, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Dr. Nithya Ramachandran, ","year":2018,"doi":"10.31142/ijtsrd18698","url":"https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18698","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"E-BANKING IN RURAL INDIA - WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ERODE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU","authors":"Nithya Ramachandran, Abhijieet Sharad Kelkar","year":2018,"doi":"10.31364/scirj/v6.i12.2018.p1218591","url":"https://doi.org/10.31364/scirj/v6.i12.2018.p1218591","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Honey Corridors in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and Appalachian Coal Production Areas","authors":"Tammy Horn Potter, Kunal Sharma","year":2018,"doi":"10.2307/j.ctv513dq3.38","url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv513dq3.38","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Global Mountain Regions","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Vegetation Structure and Prioritizing Plants for Eco-Restoration of Degraded Wildlife Corridor in Dry Tropical Forest of South India","authors":"Paramesha Mallegowda, Siddappa Setty, Ganesan Rengaian","year":2018,"doi":"10.5772/intechopen.72706","url":"https://openalex.org/W2794302156","oa_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/58470","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"InTech eBooks","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Wildlife corridors are critical to manage wildlife and maintain ecological processes. However, they are fragmented and degraded due to various anthropogenic activities. Fragmentation in turn affects population viability of species by affecting their dispersal, re-colonization and genetic exchanges. But the process can be reversed through restoration and management of ‘functional corridors’. So far in the forestry sector, monoculture plantations are known to be the ideal reforestation/afforestation strategy to restore degraded landscape but experts argue that monoculture plantations have failed to recover former biological diversity. Therefore, for successful eco-restoration, first, the regional plant stock has to be identified and then suitable plant species have to be prioritized. The habitat enrichment through assisted vegetation method in the degraded wildlife corridors can improve green cover and also bring back the original vegetation. The study was conducted in the Edeyarahalli-Doddasampige wildlife corridor area, which is part of Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. The vegetation was enumerated through transect and quadrate method. The vegetation structure was analyzed and ten suitable native plant species were prioritized for eco-restoration. The priority was given based on site condition and socio-ecological importance of the plants such as trees with timber value, non-timber forest products, nectar source for honey bees and also food source for elephants. At a time of unprecedented forest destruction, the interventions made through this line of research would not only improve the habitat quality but also increase the functionality of wildlife corridors by providing safe passage for animals’ movement. In addition to this, convergence of local multistakeholders and their responsibility needs to be explored toward eco-restoration process."},{"kind":"article","title":"An assessment of oral health status, tobacco use and cancer awareness among tea plantation workers (Irula tribes), Nilgiri Hills, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"Delfin Lovelina Francis","year":2018,"doi":"10.18332/tid/83798","url":"https://openalex.org/W2793590396","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/83798","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Tobacco Induced Diseases","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Background Tea is an important agro-industry of India, which contributes immensely to the countries economy. Tea garden population constitutes approximately 1/12th of tea growing state´s population. Poor socio-economic conditions, ignorance due to illiteracy, over-crowded and unhygienic living conditions in the residential colonies make tea garden population vulnerable to various communicable diseases and malnutrition. Hence this study was contemplated with an aim to assess the oral health status, tobacco use and cancer awareness among tea plantation workers, Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the tobacco use and cancer awareness among tea plantation workers, Nilgiri Hills.Data was collected using a pretested Questionnaire, which included Demographic data, tobacco habits, its frequency and form. The data collected was analysed using SPSS version15. Results Results showed that among 900 study population, showed 57% had no formal education, 34.5% had not visited dentist before. 64.5% had indigenous brushing habits. 52% of oral mucosal lesions and 6% malignant oral tumors were observed. A very high prevalence of periodontal disease, tobacco chewing, deep rooted beliefs and customs regarding dentition and dental treatment was observed in this community. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in the study population was due to tobacco usage and lack of awareness regarding the deleterious effects of the products used. Conclusions The dangers from smoking and chewing tobacco are well documented within the literature but the public's lack of knowledge of the risks is a concern. Health professionals are encouraged to ensure that the public is made aware of these risks, especially those within high-risk groups."},{"kind":"article","title":"PO-077 Tobacco use and cancer awareness among irula tribes, nilgiri hills, tamilnadu, india","authors":"Delfin Lovelina Francis","year":2018,"doi":"10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.606","url":"https://openalex.org/W2810221597","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.606","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ESMO Open","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Introduction Tea is an important agro-industry of India, which contributes immensely to the countries economy. Tea garden population constitutes approximately 1/12th of tea growing state’s population. Poor socio-economic conditions, ignorance due to illiteracy, over-crowded and unhygienic living conditions in the residential colonies make tea garden population vulnerable to various communicable diseases and malnutrition. Hence this study was contemplated with an aim to assess the oral health status, tobacco use and cancer awareness among tea plantation workers (Irula tribes), Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Material and methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the tobacco use and cancer awareness among tea plantation workers, Nilgiri Hills.Data was collected using a pretested Questionnaire, which included Demographic data, tobacco habits, its frequency and form. The data collected was analysed using SPSS version15. Results and discussions Results showed that among 900 study population, showed 57% had no formal education, 34.5% had not visited dentist before. 64.5% had indigenous brushing habits. 52% of oral mucosal lesions and 6% malignant oral tumours were observed. A very high prevalence of periodontal disease, tobacco chewing, deep rooted beliefs and customs regarding dentition and dental treatment was observed in this community. Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in the study population was due to tobacco usage and lack of awareness regarding the deleterious effects of the products used. Conclusion The dangers from smoking and chewing tobacco are well documented within the literature but the public’s lack of knowledge of the risks is a concern. Health professionals are encouraged to ensure that the public is made aware of these risks, especially those within high-risk groups."},{"kind":"article","title":"Long-Term Modis Based Ndvi And Lst Trends Of Nilgiri Biosphere.","authors":"Tabassum Ishrath Fathima, R.K.Somashekar, Mohammed Ahmed. J.","year":2018,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.1400379","url":"https://openalex.org/W4289754210","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1400379","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Land surface temperature is influenced by various factors like precipitation and albedo, which differs from normal atmospheric temperature. At spatial level, land surface temperature plays an important role in depicting the temperature of the area. Although several regional climate models were developed by researchers to overcome uncertainties in understanding the impact of climate change at micro-level changes using satellite data as input, appears to serve as one of the best tools. Keeping this concept in mind, MODIS-LST is used to assess the possible impact of climatic and atmospheric variables on high altitude regions of Nilgiris in the present study. Comparatively, the land surface temperature of Thai shola and Longwood shola was higher than other shola regions. A comparison with night time MODIS land surface temperature with minimum temperature showed that night temperature provides a good estimate over day because of thermal reflectance of NIR band and others like solar radiation and cloud cover. The outcome of the study is likely to assist in drawing plans for biodiversity conservation besides, planning and developing strategies to conserve save shola forest against climate change impact."},{"kind":"article","title":"Elements of indigenous socio-ecological knowledge show resilience despite ecosystem changes in the forest-grassland mosaics of the Nilgiri Hills, India","authors":"Rodrigo León Cordero, Mansyur Suma, Siddhartha Krishnan, Chris T. Bauch, Madhur Anand","year":2018,"doi":"10.1057/s41599-018-0157-x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2887166530","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-018-0157-x.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications","citations":21,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract The Nilgiri Hills in the Western Ghats of India constitute a region of high biological and cultural diversity, and include an endangered shola forest-grassland mosaic ecosystem. A mosaic ecosystem is one consisting of adjacent, coexisting patches of highly distinct naturally occurring land states (in this case, shola forest and natural grassland). Changes in the landscape since the nineteenth century have severely impacted the shola-grassland mosaic and challenged the traditional lifestyles of the indigenous Toda people. However, the responses of traditional Toda socio-ecological perspectives and landscape management to these changes have not been explored through population surveys. Here, using a survey method, the article explores traditional Toda perspectives of ecosystem value and landmanagement practices. The survey consists of interviews of 50 respondents belonging to 24 munds (villages), covering ten clans, neighbouring mosaic lands, plantations and agricultural areas. The findings show that traditional socio-ecological landscape management is robust and has persisted despite marked ecological and socio-economic changes during the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries, and despite frequent gathering of land management advice from non-Toda. Elements of traditional socio-ecological knowledge that have persisted include prevalent collective traditional decision-making and long-held preferences for a landscape composition with a strong mosaic component. The highly robust nature of Toda socio-ecological culture and land management suggests that the Todas have a valuable role to play in supporting the long-term persistence of the shola-grassland mosaic. Increasing their stewardship role would help conserve this endangered and highly biodiverse ecosystem, while at the same time preserving a unique indigenous culture."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: Reflections from the Field","authors":"Ritambhara Hebbar","year":2018,"doi":"10.1177/0038022918796941","url":"https://openalex.org/W2893419122","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Sociological Bulletin","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) was established in 1986 and since then various environmental projects have been introduced in the region, across the three southern states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Local tribal communities have been protesting against these projects, both for its vision and politics that disregard their traditional association with forests. The article substantiates on both these protestations. There have been significant shifts in the governance of forest areas following the establishment of the NBR. Environmental projects have initiated host of actors and interest groups who, along with state departments, play a critical role in the management of forest resources. The focus would be on enunciating the ensuing politics and its implications on the lives of local tribal communities."},{"kind":"article","title":"Tribal community dependence on Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu","authors":"R Bharathi, K. Chandran, Deepak Kumar","year":2018,"doi":"10.5958/2250-0499.2018.00094.0","url":"https://openalex.org/W2883995622","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2250-0499.2018.00094.0","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Farm Sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The study was conducted to measure the extent of forest dependency of the tribal community in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu. Relative forest income was computed to assess the income contribution of forest to the tribal households. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyse the factors determining the forest dependency of tribal households. The results indicated that the relative forest income shared the major proportion of tribal households’ total income of about 40.08 per cent and low income people depended more on forest for their livelihood than moderate and high income group of about 59.01 per cent. Age, family size, livestock holdings, annual income, distance to forest etc were found to be the influencing factors of determinants in forest dependency. These results showed that poverty was interlinked with the environmental degradation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Growth and metabolic characteristics of oleaginous microalgal isolates from Nilgiri biosphere Reserve of India","authors":"T. Kalaiselvi, Preethi Radha Krishnan, Srimeena Nagaiah, Senthil Kuppusamy, Senthil Chinnasamy, Jude Sudhagar Rajadorai, Gopal Nellaiappan Olaganathan, Dananjeyan Balachandar","year":2018,"doi":"10.1186/s12866-017-1144-x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2796705351","oa_url":"https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12866-017-1144-x","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"BMC Microbiology","citations":76,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Renewable energy for sustainable development is a subject of a worldwide debate since continuous utilization of non-renewable energy sources has a drastic impact on the environment and economy; a search for alternative energy resources is indispensable. Microalgae are promising and potential alternate energy resources for biodiesel production. Thus, our efforts were focused on surveying the natural diversity of microalgae for the production of biodiesel. The present study aimed at identification, isolation, and characterization of oleaginous microalgae from shola forests of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the biodiversity hot spot of India, where the microalgal diversity has not yet been systematically investigated. Overall the higher biomass yield, higher lipid accumulation and thermotolerance observed in the isolated microalgal strains have been found to be the desirable traits for the efficient biodiesel production. Species composition and diversity analysis yielded ten potential microalgal isolates belonging to Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae classes. The chlorophytes exhibited higher growth rate, maximum biomass yield, and higher lipid accumulation than Cyanophyceae. Among the chlorophytes, the best performing strains were identified and represented by Acutodesmus dissociatus (TGA1), Chlorella sp. (TGA2), Chlamydomonadales sp. (TGA3) and Hindakia tetrachotoma (PGA1). The Chlamydomonadales sp. recorded with the highest growth rate, lipid accumulation and biomass yield of 0.28 ± 0.03 day−1 (μexp), 29.7 ± 0.69% and 134.17 ± 16.87 mg L−1 day−1, respectively. It was also found to grow well at various temperatures, viz., 25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C, indicating its suitability for open pond cultivation. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis of stationary phase cultures of selected four algal strains by tandem mass spectrograph showed C16:0, C18:1 and C18:3 as dominant fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production. All the three strains except for Hindakia tetrachotoma (PGA1) recorded higher carbohydrate content and were considered as potential feed stocks for biodiesel production through hydrothermal liquefaction technology (HTL). In conclusion, the present investigation is a first systematic study on the microalgal diversity of soil and water samples from selected sites of NBR. The study resulted in isolation and characterization of ten potent oleaginous microalgae and found four cultures as promising feed stocks for biodiesel production. Of the four microalgae, Chlamydomonadales sp. (TGA3) was found to be significantly thermo-tolerant and can be considered as promising feedstock for biodiesel production."},{"kind":"article","title":"Conservation Threats on Critically Endangered Gyps Vultures in the Tamil Nadu Part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Southern India","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, B. Ramakrishnan, G. Kannan, A. Veeramani, Srividya Ramasubramanian","year":2018,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-10-6983-3_14","url":"https://openalex.org/W2888868159","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A STUDY ON BARGUR CATTLE REARING AMONG HILL FARMERS OF ERODE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU","authors":"P Vipinmurali","year":2018,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3046871481","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN ERATTI HILL, THAMARAIKARAI BEAT OF BARGUR RESERVE FOREST, WESTERN GHATS IN ERODE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU, INDIA","authors":"P Vijayashalini, P. Abirami","year":2018,"doi":"10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27905","url":"https://openalex.org/W2894899653","oa_url":"https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ajpcr/article/download/27905/15769","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Objective: This study was planned to document the medicinal plants in Eratti hill.Methods: The medicinal plants were collected during their flowering period from July to September. Voucher specimens of all medicinally valuable plants were collected, poisoned, dried, and mounted with voucher number following the conventional methods.Results: Survey of medicinal plants wealth of Eratti hill, Bargur reserve forest, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India, was carried out during 2016– 2018. 295 medicinal plant species belonging to 66 families were documented. Of these, the highest number of species belongs to the families were Asteraceae, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Lamiaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Malvaceae, Mimosaceae, and Apocynaceae. Herbs held the dominant position followed by shrubs, trees, climbers, and epiphytes. The medicinal plants were used to treat various ailments such as skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, fever, colic pain, biliousness, wounds eczema, cardiac disorders, and eye diseases used by the Solagars, Lingayats, and Malayali tribals in the hill.Conclusion: Medicinal plants in Eratti hill play a significant role in primary health care of the ethnic people. This study provides knowledge about herbal treatment of the ethnic people and subsequent pharmacognostical and pharmacological investigations should be made to confirm their mode of preparations."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Drip Fertigation on Yield, Quality parameters and Economics of Aggregatum Onion","authors":"Ashok Babu Veeravalli, Shoba Thingalmaniyan, Natarajan S.K","year":2018,"doi":"10.29321/maj.2018.000192","url":"https://openalex.org/W2937818158","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.2018.000192","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, to evaluate the yield, quality and economics as influenced by different drip fertigation treatments on aggregatum onion during kharif 2017. The treatment consists of 100 per cent N through fertigation with 100 per cent P and K applied as basal, 100 per cent N and K through fertigation with 100 per cent P applied as basal, 100 per cent N, P and K through fertigation, 75 per cent N, P and K through fertigation and 25 per cent N, P and K applied as basal, 75 per cent N through fertigation with 75 per cent P and K applied as basal, 75 per cent N and K through fertigation with 75 per cent P applied as basal, 75 per cent N, P and K through fertigation, 75 per cent of 75 per cent N, P and K through fertigation and 25 per cent of 75 per cent N, P and K applied as basal, 50 per cent N 100 per cent P and K applied as basal and 50 per cent N applied on 30 days after transplanting (DAT), absolute control. Among different fertigation treatments imposed 100 per cent N, P and K through fertigation registered higher quality, yield (23.24 t ha-1) and was comparable with 75 per cent N, P and K through fertigation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of seed treatment and storage container on physiological and biochemical properties male parental line UMI 1230 seeds in maize hybrid COH (M)6","authors":"Gayathri Gopalakrishnan, K. Sundaralingam","year":2018,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3087839327","oa_url":"https://www.chemijournal.com/archives/2018/vol6issue5/PartH/6-4-202-873.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Chemical Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Investigations were conducted to assess theantioxidant enzyme activity and germination characteristics of male parental line (UMI 1230) in maize hybrid COH (M) 6 seeds obtained from the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. The initial seed qualities of male pare ntal line (UMI 1230) in maize hybrid COH (M) 6 were analyzed and after, the seeds were subjected to different seed treatments viz., Halopolymer @ 4 ml kg-1, Halogenation Mixture @ 3 g kg-1, Carbendazim 2 g kg-1and untreated seeds served as control. The seeds were packed in cloth bag and 700 gauge thick polythene containers and stored in ambient condition. Seed samples were drawn at bimonthly interval lsand tested its germination and antioxidant enzyme activity viz., α-amylase content, dehydrogenase activity and superoxide dismutase. The result revealed that male parental line (UMI 1230) seeds in maize hybrid COH (M) 6 treated with halogenation mixture @ 3 g kg-1, recorded maximum seed germination (83%) than control (72%) followed by halogenation mixture @ 3 g kg-1 and maintained the antioxidant enzyme activity of seeds up to 10 months of storage. Moisture proof container of 700 gauge thick polythene bag performed as better storer than cloth bag and it was evident that antioxidative enzymes and better cell membrane integrity of aged seeds increased after seed treatments."},{"kind":"article","title":"AMMI analysis of grain yield in rice genotypes across environments","authors":"M. Umadevi, S. Manonmani","year":2018,"doi":"10.5958/0975-928x.2018.00016.9","url":"https://openalex.org/W2898305431","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2018.00016.9","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The identification of the highest yielding cultivar for a specific environment on the basis of both genotype (G) and genotype x environment (GE) interaction would be useful to breeders and producers since yield estimates based only on G and environment (E) effects are insufficient. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) model analysis. Replicated grain yield data of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes at three locations in Coimbatore (E1), Bhavanisagar (E2) and Aliyar Nagar (E3) were obtained and used for this purpose. Through AMMI model analysis, the magnitude and significance of the effects of GE interaction and its interaction principal components relative to the effects of G and E were estimated. Among the three, E3 environment was far away from the origin. The environments E2 and E3 condition were exhibiting high interaction effect, whereas the environment E1 had moderate interaction effect with the other two environments. The parent TP 1021 R and the hybrids viz., IR 80559 A X RR 286 R, APMS 6 A X IR 62037 R, IR 75601 A X IR 72865 R, IR 75601 A X RR 347 R, IR 75596 A X MDU 5 R, IR 75596 A X ASD 06-8 R, CRMS 32 A X IR 62037 R, CRMS 32 A X TP 1021 R and IR 75608 A X ASD 06-8 R showed IPCA 1 score close to zero with high main effects indicating that these varieties were less influenced by environments. Hence, the above said hybrids were stable and had general adaptability for all the environments. Since, the environments E3 had positive IPCA 1 score and high mean, it had positive interaction with these genotypes and this environment was considered as the stable environment for these hybrids."},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of climate change in sediment yield from catchment of bhavanisagar reservoir using SWAT model","authors":"Vishnuvardan Narayanamurthi","year":2018,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3109105915","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Status of raptors in the Moyar River Valley, Western Ghats, India","authors":"N. R. Anoop, Santhanakrishnan Babu, S. Bharathidasan, R. Nagarajan","year":2018,"doi":"10.11609/jott.3054.10.10.12317-12327","url":"https://openalex.org/W2894498940","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/3054/5940","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This study examined the species composition and nest-tree characteristics of diurnal raptors in the tropical forests of Moyar Valley, Western Ghats between December 2012 and March 2013. We recorded 28 species of raptors including three species of vultures. Accipitridae was the dominant family comprising of 25 species followed by two from Falconidae and the monotypic Pandionidae. Among them, eight species fall under various threatened category: three Critically Endangered, one Endangered, two Vulnerable and two Near Threatened. The Critically Endangered Gyps bengalensis was frequently recorded during the survey (175 sightings) followed by Milvus migrans (39 sightings) and Haliastur indus (27 sightings). We located 53 active nests of four species of raptors, viz., Gyps bengalensis (42 nests), Nisaetus cirrhatus (4 nests), Haliastur indus (4 nests), and Milvus migrans (3 nests). A notable difference in the nest-tree characteristics among the sympatric raptors was observed. These results would be important to identify priority areas for developing future conservation and management programs for the long-term conservation of raptorial birds in the Western Ghats."},{"kind":"article","title":"Population status, habitat selection and people's perception on Pavo cristatus (Aves: Phasianidae) in Sigur Plateau, the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Arockianathan Samson, B. Ramakrishnan","year":2018,"doi":"10.24189/ncr.2018.010","url":"https://openalex.org/W2789475397","oa_url":"http://ncr-journal.bear-land.org/uploads/4bf9efa9ae493e4136dce55a398c2f26.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Nature Conservation Research","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study aimed to estimate the population status, habitat utilisation and threats to the Indian peafowl in Sigur Plateau, Tamil Nadu from November 2016 to March 2017. A total of 1091 individuals of peafowls were recorded in 487 sightings in 1080 km (2.28 0.05) with the encounter rate of 1.01 individuals / km. In Dry Deciduous Forest a total of 570 individuals of peafowls were recorded in 224 sightings in 460 km (2.28 0.05, ER = 1.01 individuals / km). In Dry Thorn Forest a total of 521 individuals of peafowls were recorded in 254 sightings in 620 km (2.05 0.06) ER = 0.84 individuals / km. A total of 19 roosting trees species were identified, all recorded in thorn forest; similarly nine species were recorded in dry deciduous forest. The highest number of roosts were recorded in Tectona grandis (n = 27); the average height of the tree species was 14.46 m and the average Indian peafowl roost height was 11.25. The Indian peafowl has decreased; the reason for invading the human habitation was the loss of food (n = 60). Crop damage by peafowl shows that beans (50%) were highly damaged followed by chilly (37%), tomato (5%) and ragi (4%) and corn (1%). Drivers (n = 25) noted that under some circumstances Pavo cristatus could be killed due to its sudden appearance on the roads."},{"kind":"article","title":"<i>A Special Section on</i> the First International Conference on Cyber Physical Systems for Next Generation Computing (CPSNGC2018), Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India, 1–3 March, 2018","authors":"Ayesha Banu, D. Rajesh Kumar, T. Gopalakrishnan","year":2018,"doi":"10.1166/jctn.2018.7373","url":"https://openalex.org/W2899172347","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Experimental Study on Soil Erosion and Evaluation of Sustainable Soil Conservation Systems","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, V. Kumaresh, J. Abhimanyu, M. Vasudevan","year":2018,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2951180251","oa_url":"http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/NEPT/article/view/169355","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Soil erosion, a complex phenomenon impacting the general land topography, essentially involves distinguishable stages such as detachment and transport of soil particles, storage and runoff of rainwater, and infiltration. Adoption of sustainable soil conservation measures suitable to the land use pattern are of great importance to arrest soil erosion. The present study deals with identifying the critical parameters affecting erosion from a cultivable farm land located in the southern rain-shadow area of Nilgiri Hills at Sathyamangalam. A series of rainfall simulations were performed under laboratory setup by varying rainfall intensity, soil texture, and conservation measures. Three types of soil conservation measures were practiced and tested for understanding water holding capacity and soil and erodability of the collected native soil. Results showed that mulching with dry leaves and growing of deep root vetiver plants could give relatively good and comparable results in terms of soil moisture content and percentage of fine particles retained. However, the soil treated with dry sludge collected from co-composting of faecal matter resulted in highest retention of soil moisture as well as fine particles. This can be attributed to the presence of higher organic matter present in the sludge which has the ability to absorb and hold water. Additionally, the soil amended with dry sludge is expected to improve the productivity of land, thereby minimizing the supply of artificial fertilizers. It can be concluded that erosion control by co-composted-dried sludge can be employed as a sustainable alternative for simultaneous erosion control and productivity enhancement of agricultural soil."},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of invasive alien species Prosopis juliflora on floral diversity of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"K. Ranjith, K Baranidharan, Revathi Rajaraman","year":2018,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3006448146","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Trends in Biosciences/Trends in biosciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Russell's Viper Envenomation-Associated Addisonian Crisis","authors":"Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Ritesh G. Menezes, Syed Ather Hussain, Sushil Allen Luis, Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian","year":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.wem.2018.06.001","url":"https://openalex.org/W2894834553","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.wem.2018.06.001","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Wilderness and Environmental Medicine","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Snakebite envenomation is an important public health problem in tropical countries. We report a case of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in a 28-y-old man with Russell's viper bite that occurred in the Sathyamangalam forest range in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. In this case, a combination of early bite recognition, hospital-based supportive care, corticosteroid therapy, and timely administration of polyvalent antivenom resulted in a favorable clinical outcome."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Beaked Wormsnake, Gryptotyphlops acutus (Duméril and Bibron 1844), in the Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve of southern India","authors":"Pandi Karthik, Debaprasad Sengupta","year":2018,"doi":"10.17161/randa.v25i2.14267","url":"https://openalex.org/W3184296885","oa_url":"https://journals.ku.edu/reptilesandamphibians/article/download/14267/13137","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Reptiles & Amphibians","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Invasive alien flora of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve in Southern Eastern Ghats, India.","authors":"L. Prakash, P. Balasubramanian","year":2018,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3204541291","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of invasive alien species-Prosopis juliflora on floral diversity of Sathyamangalam tiger reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Maheshnaik BL, K Baranidharan, Vijaya bhama","year":2018,"doi":"10.15406/bij.2018.02.00115","url":"https://openalex.org/W4312624929","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15406/bij.2018.02.00115","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Biodiversity International Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Bhavanisagar Range of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve in the foothills of the Nilgiris is one of the most famous preferred breeding grounds for the Elephants in the Western Ghats and it is known for its landscape beauty, varied of forest ecosystems and wildlife diversity. Unfortunately, during the last decades, there has been a drastic reduction in the diversity of the natural vegetation. The available niches have been occupied by invasive exotic species especially Prosopis juliflora. The present study deals with the impact assessment of Prosopis juliflora in Bhavanisagar range of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu. The parameter assessed are floral diversity and its diversity indices. For floral diversity sample plot technique was followed in three different sites viz., Prosopis juliflora eradicated and effectively managed area, Prosopis juliflora invaded area and natural forest. The study results revealed that totally 79 species of trees, shrubs, herbs and grass species were recorded out of which 38 trees belonging to 22 families, 22 shrubs covering 16 families, 19 herbs and grass species relating to 14 families was recorded. In Prosopis juliflora invaded area, 24 tree species belonging to 11 families, 16 shrubs species occupying 13 families and 11 herbs &amp; grasses belonging to 8 families were documented. The highest floral species contribution was from families like Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Astracese in tree shrub and herbs respectively in the study area. The natural forest area was more diverse in flora and fauna than Prosopis juliflora invaded and eradicated area. The Shannon–Weiner diversity index, among the three sites, reveals that natural forest (site-III) registered more diverse, and in the case of Simpson index of dominance, the natural forest (site-III) recorded the highest dominance. With respect to Pielou’s evenness index and the Margalef index, natural forest area (site-III) has registered higher index."},{"kind":"article","title":"<i>In silico</i> prediction of anticarcinogenic bioactivities of traditional anti-inflammatory plants used by tribal healers in Sathyamangalam wildlife Sanctuary, India","authors":"Pavithra Chinnasamy, Rajendran Arumugam","year":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.ejbas.2018.10.002","url":"https://openalex.org/W2898599156","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.ejbas.2018.10.002?needAccess=true","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences","citations":15,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present study was designed to explore ethnopharmacological anti-inflammatory plants in the anti-cancer drug development. From the specialized local herbalists of the study area, who were treating tumors using anti-inflammatory plants by considering as a type of inflammation and explaining the potential of anti-inflammatory plants in prevalence of early stage's cancer. Interaction results obtained from the herbalists, and in silico PASS and CLC-pred prediction results were greatly agreed with documented data. Documentation was done through semi-structure standard designed proforma from the selected herbalist in study locality. A number of active compounds selected from recorded plants subsequently analyzed by using computational in silico tools such as PASS, admetSAR, and CLC-pred to investigate the antineoplastic capacity of anti-inflammatory plants. About 18 out of 20 plants said to be used in tumor-related affliction recognized for antineoplastic capacity using PASS database with high probability. Similarly, the selected compound's absorption, metabolism, and toxicity also predicted using the admetSAR tool. CLC-pred Tools performed to examine the different cell line cytotoxicity of compounds with respective probabilities."},{"kind":"article","title":"In silico validation of the indigenous knowledge of the herbal medicines among tribal communities in Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuary, India","authors":"Pavithra Chinnasamy, Rajendran Arumugam, Ariyan Sarvalingam","year":2018,"doi":"10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.008","url":"https://openalex.org/W2799904314","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2225411018300087/pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine","citations":20,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The ethno-botanical documentation among ethnic people in Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India has been investigated for the first time. A total of 61 medicinal plants having new combination uses were reported with adjuvant in the treatment of dermatological, Genitourinary and gastrointestinal ailments. This study could help in the recovery and conservation of traditional medicine system among educated generation. The present study was aimed to: (1) documentation of the traditional knowledge (2) quantitative analysis using Use value (UV), Informant consensus factor (ICF), Index of agreement on remedies (IAR), Relative frequency citation (RFC) and Cultural Importance index (CII) (3) validation of ethno-botanical data using in silico biological activity and toxicity prediction studies. Semi-structured direct interviews were conducted to acquire information from the study area tribes. Total of 89 tribes including both gender among various communities were interviewed and their ethno-botanical knowledge was documented. The data were assessed using ethno-botanical indices methods to estimate the consistency of usage herbal knowledge in various ailments. A total of 61 species were recorded for treatment of categorized ailments. The collected medicinal information from ethnic groups shows remarkable new usage of medicinal plants to particular ailments. Our comparative in silico studies also supported the traditional medicine results with correspondence to their bioactive. Traditional knowledge of ethnic people also linked to their culture and history. This study also infers the usage of traditional plant based medicine. Further research related to the bioactivities of reported plants should be encouraged to explore the importance in pharmaceutical industry."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessing Human–Wildlife Interactions in a Forest Settlement in Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves","authors":"Krithi K. Karanth, Priya Ranganathan","year":2018,"doi":"10.1177/1940082918802758","url":"https://openalex.org/W2892829205","oa_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1940082918802758","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Tropical Conservation Science","citations":23,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"India, a megabiodiversity nation, is home to 4,800 species and 1.3 billion people. The proximity of people and wildlife produces a wide variety of human–wildlife interactions particularly with forest-dwelling communities embedded deep within protected areas (PAs). We evaluated people–park relationships through the 421 families in Thengumarahada located between Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves in India. This settlement was originally granted land rights in 1948 but has been subleased many times over. We examined attitudes toward wildlife, PA, experiences of conflict, and challenges faced by people. Logistic regression models evaluated the factors associated with household losses and their attitudes. Thirty-four percent of households reported crop loss and 10% reported livestock predation. Crop loss was associated with growing rice and bananas and negatively with forest cover. Depredation was primarily associated with 87% of households grazing livestock in the forest. Usage of mitigation measures was not significantly associated with reducing conflict. Despite conflict losses and government pressure, only 34% of families expressed an interest in settling outside the reserved forest. People’s motivations to remain in the forest hamlets included free resource availability (28%) and tradition-familiar livelihoods (29%). People’s mistrust of the forest department was heightened by the lack of awareness about (29%) and payment of compensation (3%). Given the frequency of conflict, the lack of infrastructure, inadequate compensation payments, and limited interest in relocation, balancing people–wildlife relationships in the forests of Sathyamangalam and Mudumalai Tiger Reserves remains a formidable task."},{"kind":"article","title":"Traditionally Used Ethno-Medicinal Plants of the Kurumba Communities Surrounded in Thalamalai Hills, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu","authors":"R. Deepakkumar; E. Sabari; M. Karthick; Kavya S. Raysad","year":2017,"doi":"10.22205/sijbs/2017/v3/i1/110354","url":"https://doi.org/10.22205/sijbs/2017/v3/i1/110354","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Socio - Economic Profile of the Women Consumers and  their Opinion on Purchase of Products from  Departmental Stores in Erode District","authors":"Dr. V. K. Sasikala, ","year":2017,"doi":"10.31142/ijtsrd7042","url":"https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd7042","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Green Initiatives and its Outcome in Higher Education Institutions in Erode District","authors":"V. Renugadevi","year":2017,"doi":"10.15613/hijrh/2017/v4i1/154510","url":"https://doi.org/10.15613/hijrh/2017/v4i1/154510","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"HuSS: International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Energy Use Pattern for Banana Production in Erode District of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Sarath, K. Uma, P. Naveen Kumar","year":2017,"doi":"10.29321/maj.2017.000081","url":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.2017.000081","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Customer awareness: A study with special reference to new generation banks in Erode district","authors":"K. Rajendran, V. Parthiban","year":2017,"doi":"10.5958/2249-877x.2017.00066.2","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-877x.2017.00066.2","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"South Asian Journal of Marketing &amp; Management Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Innovations Developed by Farmers in Erode District of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S Saravanakumar, P Alagesan","year":2017,"doi":"10.5958/2349-4433.2017.00062.9","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2017.00062.9","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Krishi Vigyan","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Customer Satisfaction towards Banking Services - A Study with  Special Reference to Private Sector Banks in Erode District","authors":"Ms. D. Sivakami, Dr. K. Vishvanathan, ","year":2017,"doi":"10.31142/ijtsrd8230","url":"https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd8230","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Demonetization on E-Banking Services - A Study with Reference to Banks in Erode District","authors":"Mrs. S. Vanitha, Dr. S. Maheskumar, ","year":2017,"doi":"10.31142/ijtsrd8231","url":"https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd8231","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An economic analysis of turmeric marketing in Erode district of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Virendra Singh, S Dhivya","year":2017,"doi":"10.5958/2230-7338.2017.00068.4","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2017.00068.4","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Hill Agriculture","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Customer Attitude towards Mobile Banking with Special Reference to Erode District","authors":"Mr. M. Mohanraj, Dr. A. T. Jaganathan, ","year":2017,"doi":"10.31142/ijtsrd5945","url":"https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd5945","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"MOSQUITOE DIVERSITY IN ERODE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA","authors":"A. Raja Rajeswari","year":2017,"doi":"10.20959/wjpr20179-8828","url":"https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20179-8828","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Medicinal Plants Diversity and their Folklore Uses by the Tribes of Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Logesh R","year":2017,"doi":"10.23880/ipcm-16000114","url":"https://doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000114","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Pharmacognosy &amp; Chinese Medicine","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Bargur cattle","authors":null,"year":2017,"doi":"10.1079/cabicompendium.92284","url":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.92284","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"CABI Compendium","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An assessment of tobacco use and cancer awareness among (tea plantation workers) Irula tribes, Nilgiri hills, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"Delfin Lovelina Francis","year":2017,"doi":"10.1093/annonc/mdx665.034","url":"https://openalex.org/W2768460430","oa_url":"http://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923753419563359/pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Annals of Oncology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"PUB011 An Assessment of Oral Health Status, Tobacco Use and Cancer Awareness among Tea Plantation Workers (Irula Tribes), Nilgiri Hills, India","authors":"Delfin Lovelina Francis","year":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1874","url":"https://openalex.org/W2767332226","oa_url":"http://www.jto.org/article/S1556086417326096/pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Thoracic Oncology","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Mushroom diversity in the Biligiri rangana hills of Karnataka (India)","authors":"D. Akash, N. Earanna, S. Subramanya","year":2017,"doi":"10.31018/jans.v9i3.1371","url":"https://openalex.org/W2795642273","oa_url":"https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/1371/1313","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Evergreen forests of Biligiri rangana hills (BR hills) spread over an area of 540 sq. KM over eastern most edge of Western Ghats in Karnataka. Climatic conditions are more favorable for establishment of mushrooms and complete their life cycle. In this study, fourteen mushroom species were collected from BR hills region during monsoon (June through September 2013) with the help of Solega tribe inhabited the region since many years. Of the fourteen mushrooms, two mushrooms were identified as Ganoderma lucidum and Polyporous flabelliformis based on their phenotypic characters. The other 12 mushrooms were identified by ITS (Internal Transcribed spacer)region sequence homology as Termitomyces sp. (BRM-3)., Auricularia delicate (BRM-4), Termitomyces microcarpus (BRM-5), Amanita sp. (BRM-6), Podoscypha petalodes (BRM-7), Agaricaceae sp. (BRM-8), Macrolepiota sp.(BRM-9), Calvatia holothurioides (BRM-10), Gymnopillus crociphyllus (BRM-11), Coprinus comatus (BRM-12), Gyrodontium sacchari (BRM-13) and Clitocybeafffellea (BRM-14). Among the fourteen mushrooms, three species viz., Termito-myces species, Auricularia delicate and Termitomyces microcarpus were edible. The others were non edible/poisonous species. This study reports the diverse mushroom species as addition to biodiversity at BR hills."},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Forest Policies and the Economy of the Soliga Tribal’s in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, South India","authors":null,"year":2017,"doi":"10.15406/jhaas.2017.01.00022","url":"https://openalex.org/W2779442604","oa_url":"https://medcraveonline.com/JHAAS/JHAAS-01-00022.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The indigenous tribal peoples have been living in the forests for millions of years and their livelihood depends on the forest resources, they have symbiotic relationship with nature, before independence there is no much restriction to tribal's in the forest and they can live freely and use the forest resources. Government brought out different forest policies and declares the most of the forest areas into Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks, Tiger Reserves, Community Reserves and reserve forest to protect and conserve forest, it helps the wildlife and forest conservation and in another hand it has impacted the livelihood of the millions of tribal's. The major livelihood occupation of Soliga tribal's are Non-Timber Forest Products collection and sale and they also engaged in agriculture, labour and livestock rearing, they are earn income from different sources that 43 percent from labour, 45 percent from agriculture, 7 percent from sale of forest resources and 5 percent from sale of livestock. BRT reserve forest declares into wildlife sanctuary in 1974 and stopped the shifting cultivation and displaced settlements to periphery and allow the some of the settlement to stay inside the forest, NTFPs collection was banned in 2006 and Government did not provide any alternative employment and due to this 32.5 percent of them migrated outside for employment, it made adverse affect on Soliga tribal economy. The recent policy of Forest rights Act 2006 given some space for tribal's to get rights to collect NTFPs and use the forest land, even that also they are facing the relocation problem because of declare into Tiger Reserve in 2011. The study will focus on impact of forest policies and economic scenario of the Soliga tribes."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Malayali and Narikuravar Communities in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Rajendran Silambarasan, Jeyalatchagan Sureshkumar, Muniappan Ayyanar","year":2017,"doi":"10.21767/2348-9502.1000015","url":"https://openalex.org/W2793478631","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2348-9502.1000015","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"American Journal of Ethnomedicine","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Background: Traditional medicine plays an important role in primary healthcare of people reside in forest areas. We have reported the ethnomedicinal plants used by two ethnic communities in Western Ghats region of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to gather ethnomedicinal information from local people and herbalists and calculate the documented information with statistical parameters. Materials and methods: Semi structured questionnaire was used during the interview with Malayali and Narikuravar communities to document traditional knowledge on plants. The knowledge on medicinal plants used by informants to treat different types of ailments was analysed using the use value (UV) and frequency of citation (FC). Results: A total number of 69 species of medicinal plants belonging to 33 families have been reported to treat various illnesses. Most of the plants reported in this study were used to treat diabetes, joint pain, snake bite, kidney problems, uterine disorders, sexual and fertility problems, cough, indigestion and cancer. Moringa oleifera was reported with highest UV of 5.08. Conclusion: The present study revealed that, documentation of this knowledge will offer recognition of folk medicinal practices and could offer possible avenues for pharmacological analysis for a range of ailments. Keywords: Malayalis; Narikuravars; Ethnobotany; Tradi"},{"kind":"article","title":"VISUALIZATION AND PREDICTION OF LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS IN THE PROTECTED AREAS OF KARNATAKA","authors":"Bharath Setturu","year":2017,"doi":"10.15623/ijret.2017.0614011","url":"https://openalex.org/W2742534038","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2017.0614011","licence":"public-domain","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Protected areas are locations with the exceptional natural, cultural and ecological values and needs to be protected to ensure sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity. In India, there are 733 protected areas recognized by the Government which includes 103 National Parks, 537 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 26 Community Reserves and 67 Conservation Reservesto conserve biodiversity and to safeguard social, cultural,economic, ecological and health benefits. The protected areas will have reduced human activities which helps in conservation of flora and fauna of the region. Bandipur National Park (BANP) and Biligiri Ranganatha Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve in southern Karnataka (Chamarajanagar, Mysore district) are considered to understand status and transition of forest cover at temporal scale. Bandipur National Park is considered one of the most beautiful National Parks of India, dominated by deciduous forest followed by scrub forest. BANP is blessed with many floral and faunal species some of which are endemic to the region (best known for large mammals). BRT Tiger reserve is at a height of 5091 ft. above sea level with crest and troughs and has variable climatic condition which makes it suitable for diverse of flora and fauna. BRT Tiger reserve is the connector between Western and Eastern Ghats. Both the protected areas have a large population of tiger and elephant. Human-animal conflict is high in case of BANP. Both the protected areas face a major problem of frequent forest fire which is either natural or man-made. These fires burn huge amount of forest and affect the biodiversity of the region. Some of the other problems in these protected areas are deforestation activities, invasion of exotic weeds, poaching activities, encroachment to increase the agricultural areas, grazing of cattle within the protected area, illegal logging of wood, increased population in the protected area, etc. The main objective of the study is to understand the landscape dynamics in the study area and predict the likely changes which can occur by 2026 using CA-Markov model. This will help in creating an appropriate conservation measures which can be site specific by involving all the stake holders"},{"kind":"article","title":"Communication for Development of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"I. Arul Aram, Carolin Arul","year":2017,"doi":"10.1007/978-981-10-7104-1_7","url":"https://openalex.org/W2770039818","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Communication, culture and change in Asia","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of forest fire on tree diversity and regeneration potential in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Satyam Verma, Dharmatma Singh, S. Mani, S. Jayakumar","year":2017,"doi":"10.1186/s13717-017-0098-0","url":"https://openalex.org/W2745438056","oa_url":"https://ecologicalprocesses.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13717-017-0098-0","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Ecological Processes","citations":56,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The study was conducted in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, in the Western Ghats to understand the effect of a single fire event on tree diversity and regeneration status. Four forest patches were selected which were unburned, 2-year-old burn, 5-year-old burn, and 15-year-old burn. Three 0.1 ha square plots were laid randomly in all four patches and analyzed for tree diversity, stand structure, and regeneration of tree species. A total of 4129 individuals of tree species were recorded in field surveys, comprising 3474 seedlings, 121 saplings, and 534 trees. Totally, 40 tree species were recorded in study plots, from which 28 species were seedlings, 16 species were saplings, and 37 species were at tree stages. Tree diversity decreased in 2-year-old and 5-year-old burnt plots and was reached to the level of unburnt plots in 15 years of interval. Stems of small size classes started increasing after the fire. Seedling density increased linearly in subsequent years after fire but sapling and tree density recorded less than control in B2 but was higher in B5 and B15. The overall fire affected diversity, but regeneration showed a positive trend."},{"kind":"article","title":"Rediscovery of Arisaema translucens (Araceae) and notes on A. tuberculatum, two strict endemics of Nilgiris, India","authors":"KONICKAL MAMBETTA PRABHUKUMAR, Tarun Chhabra, A. J. Robi, R. Jagadeesan, C. N. Sunil, Indira Balachandran","year":2017,"doi":"10.11646/phytotaxa.306.1.7","url":"https://openalex.org/W2610366788","oa_url":"http://publication.plazi.org/id/3B4D7006137FFF98FFF5FFDFFFD4FFED","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Phytotaxa","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Genus Arisaema Martius (1831: 449) is represented by 215 taxa worldwide (Govaerts et al. 2017), of which 61 taxa are reported so far from India including two recent discoveries from Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of Western Ghats, viz. A. peerumedense J. Mathew in Mathew &amp; George (2017: 29), A. madhuanum Nampy &amp; Manudev in Manudev &amp; Nampy (2014: 269) and A. gracilentum Bruggeman (2016: 87) from Arunachal Pradesh of North-East India. During extensive surveys in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, the authors came across two fascinating Arisaema species, one from Thia Shola and the second from Pennant’s Valley forest areas. The first species is attractive by means of its translucent spathe and the latter by its long caudate limb with a filiform thread. Detailed study of relevant literature (Fischer 1933, Fischer 1934, Gusman &amp; Gusman 2002) confirmed their identity as A. translucens Fischer (1933: 344) and A. tuberculatum Fischer (1934: 167), respectively. Arisaema translucens is described by Fischer (1933) based on the collection from Thia Shola forests by E. Barnes at an elevation of 6000 ft made in 1932. From a thorough literature survey and herbarium consultations, it became apparent that this taxon had not been collected since 1932. Hence our discovery is a recollection of this species after a lapse of 84 years from its type locality. Detailed description, colour photographs and distribution information are provided based on the recent collections."},{"kind":"article","title":"Social Life of Bedakampana Lingayats Living in Thalakkarai Hamlet of Anthiyur Taluk in Erode District","authors":"N. Kavitha","year":2017,"doi":"10.15613/hijrh/2017/v4i2/167546","url":"https://openalex.org/W2794425455","oa_url":"http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/hijrh/article/download/167546/156546","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"HuSS International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"India is a country with a diversified cultural heritage with a population of 1.3 billion, living in 29 states and 7 union territories. India consists of many creeds, castes, languages and religions. There are many communities living in the isolated regions of the vast and interior forests. Bedakampana Lingayat community, the followers of Lord Shiva is located in the remote Thalakkarai village in Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, but is equally vibrant as the communities in any suburban villages of India. Despite being less explored by social scientists, they translate traditions as their vehicle to modernity. It is very fascinating to know that being exclusive in the modern governance, they strive hard to be inclusive in social and political development and do contribute to the rich diversity in culture and religion of India. Hence, this paper studies the social lives and veracity of Bedakampana Lingayats of Thalakkarai exploring their livelihood pattern, accessibility to health and nutrition, availability of education, transport and communication facilities. This paper aims at how effectively the Government Welfare Programmes such as Sarva Sihksha Abhiyan reach them, and focuses on their awareness on such schemes and the rate of utilization of the above said schemes."},{"kind":"article","title":"EXPLORATION OF PLANT SPECIES USED BY THE TRIBAL, KOTAS FOR THEIR MEDICINAL USES IN THE UPPER REACHES OF KOTAGIRI, THE NILGIRIS, WESTERN GHATS","authors":"Ganesn C.M, K Manikandan, S Paulsamy","year":2017,"doi":"10.26524/krj191","url":"https://openalex.org/W3001240251","oa_url":"https://krjournal.com/index.php/krj/article/download/231/205","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Kongunadu Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The medicinal plants provide an efficient local aid to health care and disease free life. The present investigation has been under taken in Trichigady, Kotagiri terrace, Nilgiri biosphere during the study period June 2016 to December 2016. In order to study that the traditional uses of these folk medicinal practice day todays life it as resulted providing information of 66 wild plants. Out of the 140 species are comprised in the families like Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Convolvalaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae etc. In this case study, they are used 66 plants in medicinal purpose and 74 plants are used as edible food respectively.So this investigation is held us to understand how indigenous knowledge possess by Kota tribal of study area."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of integrated nutrient management practices on nutrient uptake of banana under irrigated conditions","authors":"R. Kuttimani, E. SOMASUNDARAM, K. Velayudham","year":2017,"doi":"10.15740/has/au/12.techsear(1)2017/196-205","url":"https://openalex.org/W2751352990","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/12.techsear(1)2017/196-205","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"AGRICULTURE UPDATE","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Nutrient uptake is greatly influenced by combined application of organic manures along with chemical fertilizers in banana. Field investigations were carried out at Northern Block farm, Agricultural Research Station (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University), Bhavanisagar, Erode district of Tamil Nadu during 2010-11 and 2011-12 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) practices on nutrient uptake of banana under irrigated conditions. The INM treatments had significant effect on nutrient uptake by roots, corm, pseudostem, midrib, petiole, lamina, inflorescence and fruits. Among the treatments, combined applicationof 100 per cent RDF either with 40 per cent WG organic soil (T 3 ) or FYM @ 10kg plant -1 (T 12 ) recorded the maximum uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different parts of banana as well as total nutrient uptake.During 2010-11, the maximum uptake of nitrogen was observed in T 3 (380 and 568 kg ha -1 ) at shooting and at harvest stages, respectively and similar results were found during 2011-12 also (355 and 587 kg ha -1 ) whereas it was at par with T 12 . At harvest stage the maximum uptake of phosphorus was observed with 100 per cent RDF along with 40 per cent WG organic soil (87and 84 kg ha -1 ) but it was statistically at par with T 12 . The same trend was noticed in potassium uptake also. Hence, it's concluded that integrated nutrient management practices i.e., application of 100 per cent RDF either with 40 per cent WG organic soil or FYM @ 10kg plant -1 recorded the maximum uptake of N, P and K by various parts of banana under irrigated conditions."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of integrated nutrient management practices on soil microbes in turmeric","authors":"R. Kuttimani, E. Somasundaram","year":2017,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2773859338","oa_url":"https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue6/PartW/5-5-269-287.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Efficient and rational use of manures and fertilizers is imperative not only for obtaining more yields unit area-1 on a sustainable basis, but also to ensure safe food and to conserve the environment. Keeping these aspects in view, the present research work was undertaken to evaluate the organic sources of nutrients on growth and yield of turmeric. Field investigations were carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. It consisted of fifteen treatments comprising twelve treatments of commercial organic sources of nutrients, two treatments of farm yard manure and one treatment with 100 per cent Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (control). Chemical source of nutrients like N and K were applied in five split doses along with wellgro formulations, while the full dose of P was applied as basal. During both the seasons microbial population was influenced by integrated nutrient management practices and noticed significant difference among the treatments. Among the treatments, the highest microbial population was recorded with 100% RDF along with 40% wellgro soil (T3). During 2010-2011, T3 recorded the maximum bacterial and fungal population respectively at 90 (83.3, 67.0), 135 (124.7, 94.3), 180 (169.0, 114.7) and 245 (126.7, 84.0) days after planting. Similar trend was observed during 2011-2012 also. The minimal microbial count was observed under control (100% RDF alone). Hence it is concluded that turmeric responded favourably to wellgro formulations along with chemical fertilizers. Among the different treatments, application of 100% RDF + 40% wellgro soil would be the better practice to enhance the microbial load inturn improves the yield."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of planting geometry on cane yield and water productivity under sub-surface drip fertigation system","authors":"M. Vijayakumar, Maged M. Yassin, A. Sudha, M. Senthil Kumar","year":2017,"doi":"10.15740/has/au/12.techsear(7)2017/1786-1787","url":"https://openalex.org/W2765742721","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/au/12.techsear(7)2017/1786-1787","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"AGRICULTURE UPDATE","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu from 2008 to 2011 to optimize the row spacing and planting geometry under sub-surface drip fertigation system.The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The treatments imposed were Lateral spacing of 120 cm, 135 cm, 150 cm, 165 cm and 180 cm of either single row or dual row planting.The result indicated that among the different crop geometry lateral spacing of 180 cm planted in dual row recorded significantly the higher cane yield (165.2 t ha -1 ) and was comparable with both single and double row planting of 150 lateral spacing than the lateral spacing of 120 cm planted in single row (101.6 t ha -1 )."},{"kind":"article","title":"Residue Management and Nutrient Dynamics in Combine Harvester Operated Rice Field","authors":"S.K. Natarajan ., N. K. Prabhakaran, K.S. Usharani","year":2017,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.179","url":"https://openalex.org/W2769191018","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/6-11-2017/S.K. Natarajan, et al.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Rice residues are important natural resources, and recycling of these residues improves the soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Management of rice straw is a major challenge as it is considered to be a poor feed for the animals due to high silica content. A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 to review the suitable rice residue management practices and nutrient dynamics by using combine harvester operated rice field after cultivating rice. In both the years, the results revealed that incorporation of straw as such with tractor mounted with half cage wheel and rotovator with addition of biomineralizer (TNAU microbial consortia) for decomposition of straw and incorporation later followed by 100 percent recommended dose of fertilizers (T3) recorded the highest DMP (8358 and 8609 kg ha-1), no. of tillers M-2 (572 and 589), no. of productive tillers M-2 (400 and 412), filled grains per panicle (168 and 173), 1000 grain weight (20.24 and 20.85g), grain yield (7706 and 7937 kg ha-1) and straw yield (9982 and 10281 kg ha-1).This was followed by incorporation of straw as such with tractor mounted with half cage wheel and rotovator with 25 kg additional dose of N ha-1 as basal."},{"kind":"article","title":"Bio-efficacy of flumioxazine for weed management in soybean and its residual effect on succeeding crops","authors":"Ravi Kumar, R. Kalpana, NS Venkataraman, R Babu","year":2017,"doi":"10.5958/0974-8164.2017.00078.8","url":"https://openalex.org/W2776123401","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2017.00078.8","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Indian Journal of Weed Science","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University during Rabi 2013–14 to study the bio-efficacy evaluation of flumioxazine for weed control in soybean. Higher weed control efficiency was obtained with pre-emergence application of flumioxazine at 250 g/ha followed by its lower dose of 150 g/ha. Among the treatments, preemergence application of flumioxazine at 112.5 g/ha recorded increased yield and economic returns in soybean. Hence, the pre-emergence application of flumioxazine at 112.5 g/ha was found to reduce the weed density below the economic threshold level and increased the yield and net return in soybean without any phytotoxic effect on the crop and residual effect on the succeeding crop."},{"kind":"article","title":"Eco Friendly Nutrient Management Practices for Yield and Soil Organic Carbon, in Banana","authors":"Kuttimanir, E. Somasundaram, K. Velayudham","year":2017,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3199137776","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID3090986_code2148259.pdf?abstractid=3090986&mirid=1","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"To study the productivity of banana by the effect of nutrient management practices, field investigations was conducted from 2010-2012 at Northern Block Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar (TNAU) of Tamil Nadu. Study results revealed that, when 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) is applied, along with 40% Wellgro soil, maximum number of hands (10.2 and 10.3) were recorded, along with the maximum number of fingers (136.3 and 145.2), total yield (72.8 and 77.1 t/ha) and bunch weight (23.9 and 25.3 kg/plant) during 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. By the integrated nutrient management practices, there was an influence of the quality parameter of the study in banana during both the years. With regard to organic carbon, when either 75 or 100 % of RDF is applied along with FYM @ 10 kg plant-1 or WG organic manures, maximum accumulation of carbon was found to be recorded in soil. When nutrient management practices are done, i.e., when there was a combined application of 40% Wellgro soil or Cow based Farm Yard Manure @ 10kg plant-1 with recommended dose of fertilizers to banana has been observed to be a good option that helps to increase soil nutrient status and yield parameters under climate and soil condition in Tamil Nadu, India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Microorganisms under Irrigated Banana","authors":"R. Kuttimani, E. Somasundaram, K. Velayudham","year":2017,"doi":"10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.277","url":"https://openalex.org/W2769325525","oa_url":"https://www.ijcmas.com/6-11-2017/R. Kuttimani, et al.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present study was undertaken to find out the influence of different sources of organic manures (WG organic soil, organic grains, liquid organic manure and FYM) at different levels along with inorganic fertilizers on soil microbes and yield of banana cv. Grand Naine. Experiments were carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The banana cv. Grand Naine (AAA) was used as a test crop. The experiments consisted of thirteen treatments viz., Control (100% Recommended dose of fertilizer), four treatments consisted of WG organic soil @ 20 and 40 per cent in combination with 100 and 75 per cent RDF, two treatments consisted of 2 per cent liquid organic manure spray on bunches along with 100 and 75 per cent RDF, four treatments consisted of WG organic grains @ 20 and 40 per cent combined with 100 and 75 per cent RDF and the last two treatments comprised of FYM @ 10kg plant-1 with 100 and 75 per cent RDF combinations. Experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and treatments were replicated thrice. Study reveals that bacterial load in soil was significantly influenced through INM treatments during both the years of experiment. Among the treatments, application of 75 per cent RDF + FYM @ 10kg plant-1 recorded the maximum bacterial and fungal population in soil at different stages of banana growth except 3 month after planting. Actinomycetes population was also high under 75 per cent RDF along with either 40 per cent WG organic soil or 40 per cent WG organic grains. Soil organic carbon was also observed higher under this treatment when compared to chemical fertilizers. Hence, integrated nutrient management (75or 100% recommended dose of fertilizer coupled with either FYM @ 10kg plant-1/40% Wellgro soil or grain) practices has been found to be an ideal option to improve biological properties and soil organic carbon in banana under soil climatic conditions of Western zone of Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"Persistence and carryover effect of oxyfluorfen residues in red sandy clay loam soil","authors":"R. Sathya Priya, C. Chinnusamy, P. Janaki, P. Murali Arthanari","year":2017,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2754270584","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A Field experiments were conducted for two years at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during kharif season of 2010 and 2011 to evaluate the new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) on weed control in onion and their residual effect on succeeding crops. Herbicides are being chemical in nature, excessive and repeated use may pose phytotoxicity to crop plants, carryover effects on succeeding crops and also leads to adverse effects on non-target organisms. This might due to causes of health hazards to humans, animals and the environment. Many herbicides are bound residues which make them not only unavailable to the targets, but also polluting the soil ecosystem in a number of ways. Thus monitoring of herbicides residue in soil, plant and other matrixes are very much important. Therefore, a laboratory and field experiments were undertaken to investigate the persistence of oxyfluorfen in soil and onion crop under red sandy clay loam soil. Based on two years field experimentation, phytotoxicity symptoms of oxyfluorfen was complete recovery of affected on onion got completely recovered plant could be observed subsequently in 30 days after herbicide application (DAHA); and the phytotoxicity was not evident thereafter in onion plant. Field persistence of oxyfluorfen at varying doses applied in soil and residue content in onion plant sample were well below the prescribed maximum residue limits (0.05 µg g-1) at the time of harvest. Residue of oxyfluorfen herbicide dissipated faster in plant than in soil. It is highly bound to the soil organic carbon and has low mobility in red sandy clay loam soil which indicates the binding of this herbicide to soil particles is high. Bioassay results showed that the oxyfluorfen herbicide to be secure on the succeeding crops and this might be due to detoxification of herbicide in soil and do not adversely affect the growth and yield attributes of the succeeding crops."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of intercrops on growth and yield of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)","authors":"P. Chitra","year":2017,"doi":"10.25081/josac.2017.v26.i1.808","url":"https://openalex.org/W2620806446","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25081/josac.2017.v26.i1.808","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The initial growth of turmeric is rather slow and takes about 4-5 months to cover the inter space. Therefore, the available space between the rows of turmeric could be effectively utilized by growing short duration crops like, vegetables, cereals etc. Hence, it is worthwhile to explore the possibilities of growing compatible crops with turmeric. With this background the experiment on effect of intercrops on growth and yield of turmeric was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Among the different intercrops, turmeric with cowpea recorded the maximum fresh rhizome yield per hectare (30.78 t ha-1) while turmeric + bhendi registered the maximum B:C ratio (2.68:1). Monocropping of turmeric recorded the lowest B:C ratio (1.67:1) among all the treatments."},{"kind":"article","title":"Monitoring insecticide resistance to leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in rice growing regions of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Sudhanshu Bala Nayak, T. Manoharan, RP Soundararajan","year":2017,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2765666914","oa_url":"https://www.entomoljournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue6/PartA/5-5-108-138.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) is a prominent and important insect pests of rice and more insecticides are being used for the management in the farmers’ holdings. In the present study, level of insecticide resistance in rice leaffolder was assessed by collecting leaffolder from different rice growing tracts of Tamil Nadu and using the data on discriminating dose (DD) fixed on susceptible population. The results revealed that the per cent resistance varied from 53.34 to 80.00, 51.8 to 63.34, 10.66 to 26.67 and 43.34 to 61.34 respectively for insecticides chlorpyriphos, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole and profenophos. The order of frequency of resistance to different insecticides were chlorpyriphos > cartap hydrochloride > profenophos > chlorantraniliprole. Irrespective of the insecticides tested, high resistance was noticed in Bhavanisagar population. The order of resistance levels to chlorpyriphos, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole and profenophos in the four major rice growing locations in Tamil Nadu were Bhavanisagar > Aduthurai > Coimbatore >Trichy."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nontronite mineral identification in nilgiri hills of tamil nadu using hyperspectral remote sensing","authors":"M. Vigneshkumar, Kiran Yarakkula","year":2017,"doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/263/3/032001","url":"https://openalex.org/W2773072864","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/263/3/032001/pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Hyperspectral Remote sensing is a tool to identify the minerals along with field investigation. Tamil Nadu has abundant minerals like 30% titanium, 52% molybdenum, 59% garnet, 69% dunite, 75% vermiculite and 81% lignite. To enhance the user and industry requirements, mineral extraction is required. To identify the minerals properly, sophisticated tools are required. Hyperspectral remote sensing provides continuous extraction of earth surface information in an accurate manner. Nontronite is an iron-rich mineral mainly available in Nilgiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Due to the large number of bands, hyperspectral data require various preprocessing steps such as bad bands removal, destriping, radiance conversion and atmospheric correction. The atmospheric correction is performed using FLAASH method. The spectral data reduction is carried out with minimum noise fraction (MNF) method. The spatial information is reduced using pixel purity index (PPI) with 10000 iterations. The selected end members are compared with spectral libraries like USGS, JPL, and JHU. In the Nontronite mineral gives the probability of 0.85. Finally the classification is accomplished using spectral angle mapper (SAM) method."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on biology and reproduction of butterflies (family: papilionidae) in Nilgiri Hills, Southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"N.B. Rajeswari, D. Jeyabalan","year":2017,"doi":"10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.02.001","url":"https://openalex.org/W2589007533","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2017.04.02.001","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences (IJARBS)","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A study was carried out to determine the development of larvae, pupae and adult of the swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) in captivity in Nilgiri hills. The eggs on the host plants were collected from the field and reared in the laboratory under optimum conditions of temperature and humidity. The larvae were reared in a temporary laboratory and fed on respective host plants (Troides minos :Aristolochia indica, Pachliopta aristolochiae"},{"kind":"article","title":"Precambrian Lithostratigraphy of Dharwar Craton and Adjoining Fold and Mobile Belts","authors":"K. Venkateswara Reddy","year":2017,"doi":"10.1007/s12594-017-0766-9","url":"https://openalex.org/W2758490378","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12594-017-0766-9.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Dharwar craton is divided into Western (geosynclinal) and Eastern (arc basins) Dharwar cratons (WDC, EDC), having comparable/ correlatable litho-stratigraphic stages. The lithostratigraphy of WDC/ EDC comprises older Sargur Group/Satyamangalam Group (~3100-3300 Ma), intruded by Hassan Gneiss/Kammuru (Bhavani) Gneiss (TTG-II, ~3000 Ma, Peninsular Gneiss -a misnomer in a cratonic extent), developed on a sialic basement of Gorur Gneiss (TTG-I, ~3300 -3400 Ma); and younger Dharwar/Anantapur Supergroups comprising Bababudan and Chitradurga Groups (~2900 -2550 Ma) / Mushtikovila (Katrimala / Parampur) Formation ( Bababudan), emplaced by Cherlopalle (domal) Gneiss ( Gundlupet Gneiss / Chikmagalur trondhjemite -granodiorite / Halekote trondhjemite, TTG -III, ~ 2800 Ma); and Marutla (Sakarsanahalli) -Kolar (Veligallu) -Hungund (Hutti) Groups ( Chitradurga, ~2750 -2550 Ma), intruded by calcalkaline Atmakuru Granodiorite (arc, I-type, ~2630 -2580 Ma, J.N.Kote/Kanara/Bukkapatna etc.), Somravandlapalli (Kadangal) ultramafic -mafic anorthosite complex ( Usgaon / Hanumalapura), and Kuderu (Torangal/Patna/Perur/Gadag) Granite (collisional, S-type, ~2550 -2510 Ma), resulted in the accretion and stabilization of Archaean continental crust. These litho-groups are intruded by a phase of anaerogenic alkaline granites (Venkatapuram, Gingee, Sholingar etc. ~2250 50Ma) and mafic dyke swarms (Mahabubnagar, Agali-Anaikatti, MDS-I, ~2160 Ma) synchronous with development of failed -rift sedimentary basins."},{"kind":"article","title":"Perception and Information Seeking Behaviour of Users of Selected Village Libraries in Sathyamangalam Taluk, Tamil Nadu","authors":"G. Ramesh Kumar, J. Dominic","year":2017,"doi":"10.51983/arss-2017.6.2.1367","url":"https://openalex.org/W4386389845","oa_url":"https://ojs.trp.org.in/index.php/arss/article/view/1367/1218","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Review of Social Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Village libraries are the standing evidences of social equality. They are the social transformers and cultural protectors. They are the stockrooms of intellectual heredity of our forefathers. They are the drivers of creative leisure activities. This study was conducted with the help of structured questionnaires to analyze the information seeking behavior of different types of the users and randomly selected 140 users of 6 Village Libraries in Taluk. The data was entered and analyzed using simple average and percentage methods."},{"kind":"article","title":"FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES FROM PHYLLANTHUS ACIDUS (L.) AND CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (L.)","authors":"Senthamarai Manogaran, Kilavan Packiam Kannan, Yuvarajan Mathiyalagan","year":2017,"doi":"10.7897/2230-8407.0810186","url":"https://openalex.org/W2770271123","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.0810186","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Research Journal of Pharmacy","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Due to the importance of bio molecules research from the ubiquitous endophytic fungi, there is a huge need for the study of biodiversity in endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi, are the microorganisms that reside inside the tissues of healthy plants. In the present investigation, medicinal plants such as Phyllanthus acidus (L.) and Catharanthus roseus (L.) were collected from in and around of Western Ghats of Sathyamangalam region. For the isolation of endophytic fungi and to study the biodiversity within the tissues of selected plants, the selected explant tissues were surface sterilized using standard surface sterilization techniques. Grown endophytic fungal propagules were keenly isolated and identified using standard manuals. Biodiversity of endophytic fungi in different segments of the two plants were identified through statistical analysis by means of Endophytic fungi Infection Rate (EIR %) and Colonization Frequency (CF%). The occurrence of endophytic fungi was highly dominated by Phyllosticta Sp, Phomopsis Sp, Curvularia lunata, Pestalotiopsis Sp and eight non sporulating species."},{"kind":"article","title":"POST-FIRE REGENERATION STATUS OF TREE SPECIES IN A","authors":"M. Sathya, S. Jayakumar","year":2017,"doi":"10.26525/jtfs2017.29.3.305317","url":"https://openalex.org/W2738799953","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.26525/jtfs2017.29.3.305317","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Recurrent fires in forested areas are a leading disturbance that can strongly affect the vegetation dynamics, structure and regeneration. In this study, we examined tree species regeneration in response to fire in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve. Fire frequency map was prepared using Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellite images for the period between 1999 and 2015 (17 years). The study resulted in the occurrence of ten fire frequency classes along with an unburned class. For each class, three plots were randomly laid in the field, and data were collected on the three growth forms such as seedlings, saplings and trees. A total of 62 species belonging to 50 genera and 23 families were recorded. There was a negative linear correlation between the numbers of species in all three growth forms and fire frequencies. Lower fire frequency classes (F1-F4) sustained the individual density of seedlings and saplings. Friedman's two-way analysis of variance by rank showed that the number of individuals of three dominant species (Anogeissus latifolia, Phyllanthus emblica and Tectona grandis), in seedling and sapling, exhibited a significant difference among each other in fire frequency classes, whereas in tree form they were not significant. The species with more seedlings were P. emblica, Terminalia chebula and Ziziphus rugosa. This study found that even in the short fire intervals P. emblica species could sustain in all three life forms, thus this species can be recommended for afforestation in high fire frequency areas."},{"kind":"article","title":"Biodiversity of Endophytic Fungi from Mukia maderespatana (L) M. Roem - A First Report","authors":"Kannan Kp","year":2017,"doi":"10.15406/jbmoa.2017.04.00098","url":"https://openalex.org/W2612243675","oa_url":"https://medcraveonline.com/JBMOA/JBMOA-04-00098.pdf","licence":"other-oa","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology Open Access","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Endophytic fungi are eukaryotic organisms that live inside plant tissues with symbiotic association and they have been recognized as a valuable source of novel bioactive metabolites, antibiotics, anti-cancerous compounds, antioxidants, enzymes, vitamins, texturizing agents and pigments. In the present investigation endophytic fungi were isolated from Mukia maderespatana (L) M. Roem from Western Ghats of Sathyamangalam region for the first time. The collected samples were taken to the laboratory under aseptic condition they were sliced of in to Leaf, Stem, and Root segments, surface sterilized and inoculated in PDA plates for isolation of endophytes. Biodiversity of endophytic fungi in various segments of the plant were determined by statistical analysis which includes colonization frequency, Relative density of colonization, EIR, Shannon Index, Gleason Index."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethnomedicinal plants survey in Elanji Hill village Sathyamangalam range of reserve forest, Western Ghats Tamil Nadu India","authors":"P Vijayashalini, N. Anjanadevi, P. Abirami, M Sharmila","year":2017,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2605954446","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Poisonous pasture plants of Sathyamangalam hills, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Pavithra Chinnasamy, Sarvalingam Ariyan, Rajendran Arumugam","year":2017,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2747604094","oa_url":"https://www.florajournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue2/PartB/5-6-4-879.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Herbal Medicine","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Investigation of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Bixa orellana L., a Medicinal Plant Collected from Western Ghats of Sathyamangalam - A First Report","authors":"K.P. Kannan","year":2017,"doi":"10.15406/jbmoa.2017.05.00150","url":"https://openalex.org/W2781717623","oa_url":"https://medcraveonline.com/JBMOA/JBMOA-05-00150.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Bacteriology & Mycology Open Access","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Mycoendophytes are microorganisms that reside internal tissues of living plants without causing any immediate overt negative effects, have been found in every plant species examined to date and recognized as the potential sources of novel natural products for exploitation in medicine, and agriculture with more bioactive natural products isolated from the microorganisms. In the past two decades, many valuable bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and anticancer activities have been successfully discovered from mycoendophytes. In the present investigation, endophytic fungi were screened form from stem, twig and leaves of Bixa orellana L. collected form Sathyamangalam reserve forest. Predominant endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plantare Phyllosticta sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., and Phomopsis sp. Statistical analysis of Shannon Diversity Index, Jaccard Similarity Coefficient, and Endophytic Infection Rate were performed to understand the nature of mycophytes in the selected medicinal plant. This is the first report on endophytic fungi documented from this medicinal plant from Sathyamangalam forest of Tamil nadu, India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Traditional herbal medicines practiced by the ethnic people in Sathyamangalam forests of Western Ghats, India","authors":"Rajendran Silambarasan, Jeyalatchagan Sureshkumar, Jayaraj Krupa, Singamoorthy Amalraj, Muniappan Ayyanar","year":2017,"doi":"10.1016/j.eujim.2017.10.010","url":"https://openalex.org/W2766380313","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"European Journal of Integrative Medicine","citations":38,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"A contemporary assessment of tree species in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve","authors":"Proceedings of the IAEES","year":2017,"doi":null,"url":"http://www.iaees.org/publications/journals/piaees/articles/2017-7(2)/assessment-of-tree-species.pdf","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Not Available","authors":"M. MANIKANDAN, G. THIYAGARAJAN, J. BHUVANESWARI and N. K. PRABHAKARAN","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Not AvailableSequence of dry and wet periods along with onset and withdrawal of rainy season is necessary for successful\r\nagricultural crop planning and soil and water conservation measures. In the present study, Markov chain probability model to calculate the chances of occurrences of dry and wet spells was applied for Bhavanisagar using 47 years (1969 to 2015) weekly rainfall. The average annual rainfall of Bhavanisagar was found to be 677.9 mm and coefficient of variation (CV) was 28.4% which is higher than threshold limit that indicates the erratic distribution of rainfall. Monsoon starts on the 24th standard meteorological week (SMW) (11 – 17th June) and remains active up to 46th SMW (12-18th November) with a total length of 22 weeks (154 days). Initial, conditional and consecutive dry and wet week probabilities showed that chances of occurrence of a week getting dry is high during early part of the season and chances of occurrence of a week getting wet is high from 34th week onwards upto 47th week. Chances of occurrence of wet week of more than 30% at the beginning of Kharif season indicates that summer ploughing and initial seed bed preparations shall be taken up in the 20th – 22nd SMW (14th May - 3rd June) and sowing operations can be taken up since 23rd SMW (4th – 10th June). However higher values of CV showed that higher variability of rainfall during this period which questioned the success of growing of rainfed crops. During the rabi season, from 37th week to 49th week high\r\nchances of occurrence of wet week of more than 50%, high consecutive wet weeks and the values of CV less than threshold limit of 150 indicates that all agricultural operations like planting/sowing under rainfed condition can be undertaken successfully during this period. Chances of occurrence of consecutive dry weeks indicate the need of supplemental irrigations and moisture conservation. Weekly rainfall of more than 40 mm during 42nd – 45th SMW and chances of occurring consecutive wet weeks during 38th – 47th SMW intimate the potential scope of harvesting excess runoff water for future supplemental irrigations.Not Availabl"},{"kind":"article","title":"Sociodemographic and healthcare profile of tribal people in Bandipur tiger reserve area, Mysore, Karnataka, India","authors":"Hugara Siddalingappa, Varsha Hoogar, D. Sunil, S. Pradeep, M Renuka","year":2016,"doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20163091","url":"https://openalex.org/W2507183272","oa_url":"https://ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/download/264/265","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Background: Tribal health and problems faced by tribal people is one of the major public health concerns in our country which has large forest belt and variety of tribes residing amongst it. In the name of wild life conservation, most of the tribes have been shifted out of the forest. This study is conducted to know social and health problems of these tribals.Methods: Cross sectional Community based descriptive study was conducted in tribal Hamlets around the Bandipur tiger reserve area of Mysore District between September 21st to 25th 2015. All the tribal population residing in the seven selected hamlets were included in the study. Descriptive statistics like percentage and mean, SD were used to describe the variables. Chi square test was used to find the significance of difference.Results: Jenukuruba and was predominant tribe in 4 hamlets, soligas in 2 and kadukuruba in 0ne. 60% of the families were nuclear. 48% were nonliterate, underfive female sex ratio was more than 1000(1285/1000males). 71% of the marriages were child marriages. And child marriages were significantly more among girls. Dependency ratio was 21.6%. Only one hamlet had accessibility to basic medicines. Mean distance for PHC was 5km and delivery facility at 28.8km (SD 7km). All hamlets had anganwadis but one centre had no anganwadi worker appointed. Immunization coverage was good but smoking and alcoholism was a major problem.Conclusions: Ongoing efforts of the Government to bring tribals to the mainstream society has a long distance to cover as only bare minimum facilities are provided to the tribals and the hesitation of tribals to accept these facilities is a challenge."},{"kind":"article","title":"Predicting landscape connectivity for the Asian elephant in its largest remaining subpopulation","authors":"Jean‐Philippe Puyravaud, Sam Cushman, Priya Davidar, D. Madappa","year":2016,"doi":"10.1111/acv.12314","url":"https://openalex.org/W2532549127","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Animal Conservation","citations":42,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Landscape connectivity between protected areas is crucial for the conservation of megafauna. But often, corridor identification relies on expert knowledge that is subjective and not spatially synoptic. Landscape analysis allows generalization of expert knowledge when satellite tracking or genetic data are not available. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in southern India supports the largest wild populations of the endangered Asian elephant Elephas maximus. Current understanding of connectivity in this region is based on corridors identified by experts, which are not empirically validated and incongruent with each other. To more rigorously assess population connectivity for the Asian elephant, we evaluated a combination of three resistance layers and three dispersal abilities. The resistance models were based on the combined contributions of land cover, topographical slope, elevation, roads and buildings. A spatially explicit connectivity modeling tool predicted optimal movement corridors as a function of factorial least-cost routes across the resistance maps. A resistant kernel approach produced maps of the expected frequency of elephant movement through each cell to define core areas. We conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of resistance and dispersal. We selected the resistance surface and dispersal ability that produced the highest correlation with observed elephant densities. We evaluated the optimality of expert corridors by using a path randomization method. Eleven out of 24 expert corridors had connectivity values significantly higher than expected by chance, while only two corridors were spatially congruent between expert teams. Areas with the highest connectivity corresponded well with priority areas identified by conservationists and elephant density predicted by the resistant kernel connectivity model correlated significantly with surveys (Spearman's ρ = 0.85, n = 500, P ≪ 0.001). The results provide the first rigorous, spatially synoptic and empirically validated evaluation of the connectivity of the elephant population across the reserve."},{"kind":"article","title":"Teleophthalmology: improving patient outcomes?","authors":"Sreelatha OK, Ramesh SV","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W4299519459","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbb0a6191fda4ae78f5a87a1b8258d5e","licence":"cc-by-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Omana Kesary Sreelatha,1 Sathyamangalam VenkataSubbu Ramesh2 1Ophthalmology Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; 2Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India Abstract: Teleophthalmology is gaining importance as an effective eye care delivery modality worldwide. In many developing countries, teleophthalmology is being utilized to provide quality eye care to the underserved urban population and the unserved remote rural population. Over the years, technological innovations have led to improvement in evidence and teleophthalmology has evolved from a research tool to a clinical tool. The majority of the current teleophthalmology services concentrate on patient screening and appropriate referral to experts. Specialty care using teleophthalmology services for the pediatric group includes screening as well as providing timely care for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Among geriatric eye diseases, specialty teleophthalmology care is focused toward screening and referral for diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), and other sight-threatening conditions. Comprehensive vision screening and refractive error services are generally covered as part of most of the teleophthalmology methods. Over the past decades, outcome assessment of health care system includes patients&rsquo; assessments on their health, care, and services they receive. Outcomes, by and large, remain the ultimate validators of the effectiveness and quality of medical care. Teleophthalmology produces the same desired clinical outcome as the traditional system. Remote portals allow specialists to provide care over a larger region, thereby improving health outcomes and increasing accessibility of specialty care to a larger population. A high satisfaction level and acceptance is reported in the majority of the studies because of increased accessibility and reduced traveling cost and time. Considering the improved quality of patient care and patient satisfaction reported for these telemedicine services, this review explores how teleophthalmology helps to improve patient outcomes. Keywords: teleophthalmology, patient satisfaction, patient outcomes, tele-ROP, tele&ndash;diabetic retinopathy, teleglaucoma"},{"kind":"article","title":"Residents of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve secure funds for resettlement after a 25-year struggle","authors":"P. M. Muthanna, Divya Vasudev","year":2016,"doi":"10.1017/s0030605316000077","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000077","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Oryx","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Human –elephant conflict issues in Coimbatore Forest Division,Southern India","authors":", S. Karthick, B. Ramakrishnan, , M. Illakia, ","year":2016,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.009.004.001","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.009.004.001","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"<i>Carex nilagirica</i>(Cyperaceae), a new sedge species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Viji A.R., Pandurangan A.G., Deepu Sivadas, Gordon C. Tucker","year":2016,"doi":"10.1080/00837792.2016.1183936","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2016.1183936","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Webbia","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"<i>Hymenachne panduranganii</i>\n                    sp. nov. from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Jayasree Remya, M. P. Geethakumary","year":2016,"doi":"10.1111/njb.01180","url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01180","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Nordic Journal of Botany","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Trend Analysis of Lending Performance of Erode District Central Cooperative Bank","authors":"B. S. Vanetha, S. Saravanambigaidevi","year":2016,"doi":"10.12816/0031481","url":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0031481","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Management Studies and Economic Systems","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Food habits of Tiger Panthera tigris and its Co-predator in Sathyamangalam\nForest Division,Tamilnadu, Southern India","authors":null,"year":2016,"doi":"10.56343/stet.116.009.002.004","url":"https://doi.org/10.56343/stet.116.009.002.004","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.56343/stet.116.009.002.004","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Environment and Technovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Effects of landscape context on the invasive species Lantana camara in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Madhura Niphadkar, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Anna Bonardi, Harini Nagendra, Emilio Padoa‐Schioppa","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2562215820","oa_url":"http://www.tropecol.com/pdf/open/PDF_57_1/2%20Niphadkar%20et%20al.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Non-native invasive species establish in favourable habitats in alien regions. Such favourable habitats are largely determined by local climatic, soil and biogeographic factors. Modelling these factors can help managers to identify areas of possible risk of invasion. This paper uses logistic regression modelling to identify variables conducive to high invasion in a tropical mixed forest in a biodiversity hotspot region in India. Using presence-absence data of an invasive species Lantana camara and local habitat variables from increasing buffer distances around sampling locations along with broad scale climatic parameters, we identify the variables that support invasion and spread. Results indicated that the percentage of moist deciduous forest at a distance of 50 m around the plot was significantly related to the invasion of L. camara. The study demonstrates the facilitation by moist deciduous forests to the growth and spread of L. camara in this region, and highlights the importance of using data at multiple scales for modelling invasion."},{"kind":"article","title":"Polymorphic Alu Insertion/Deletion in Different Caste and Tribal Populations from South India","authors":"Rathika Chinniah, Murali Vijayan, Manikandan Thirunavukkarasu, Mani Dhivakar, Kamaraj Raju, Padma Malini Ravi, Ramgopal Sivanadham, C Kandeepan","year":2016,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0157468","url":"https://openalex.org/W2426091661","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157468&type=printable","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"PLoS ONE","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Seven human-specific Alu markers were studied in 574 unrelated individuals from 10 endogamous groups and 2 hill tribes of Tamil Nadu and Kerala states. DNA was isolated, amplified by PCR-SSP, and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, and genotypes were assigned for various Alu loci. Average heterozygosity among caste populations was in the range of 0.292-0.468. Among tribes, the average heterozygosity was higher for Paliyan (0.3759) than for Kani (0.2915). Frequency differences were prominent in all loci studied except Alu CD4. For Alu CD4, the frequency was 0.0363 in Yadavas, a traditional pastoral and herd maintaining population, and 0.2439 in Narikuravars, a nomadic gypsy population. The overall genetic difference (Gst) of 12 populations (castes and tribes) studied was 3.6%, which corresponds to the Gst values of 3.6% recorded earlier for Western Asian populations. Thus, our study confirms the genetic similarities between West Asian populations and South Indian castes and tribes and supported the large scale coastal migrations from Africa into India through West Asia. However, the average genetic difference (Gst) of Kani and Paliyan tribes with other South Indian tribes studied earlier was 8.3%. The average Gst of combined South and North Indian Tribes (CSNIT) was 9.5%. Neighbor joining tree constructed showed close proximity of Kani and Paliyan tribal groups to the other two South Indian tribes, Toda and Irula of Nilgiri hills studied earlier. Further, the analysis revealed the affinities among populations and confirmed the presence of North and South India specific lineages. Our findings have documented the highly diverse (micro differentiated) nature of South Indian tribes, predominantly due to isolation, than the endogamous population groups of South India. Thus, our study firmly established the genetic relationship of South Indian castes and tribes and supported the proposed large scale ancestral migrations from Africa, particularly into South India through West Asian corridor."},{"kind":"article","title":"Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants used by the Irula tribe of Kadambur Hills, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"P Rajalakshmi, M. Pugalenthi, Vadivel","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2603932348","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"RETRACTED: Cluster Analysis to Assess Groundwater Quality in Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Ganeshbabu Oorkavalan, Sashikkumar Madurai Chidambaram, Vijayaraj Mariappan, Gokulakrishnan Kandaswamy, S. Natarajan","year":2016,"doi":"10.4236/cs.2016.76075","url":"https://openalex.org/W2402395498","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=66545","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Circuits and Systems","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Short Retraction Notice The paper does not meet the standards of \"Circuits and Systems\". This article has been retracted to straighten the academic record. In making this decision the Editorial Board follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines. The aim is to promote the circulation of scientific research by offering an ideal research publication platform with due consideration of internationally accepted standards on publication ethics. The Editorial Board would like to extend its sincere apologies for any inconvenience this retraction may have caused. The full retraction notice in PDF is preceding the original paper, which is marked \"RETRACTED\"."},{"kind":"article","title":"Modelling harvest of Asian elephants<i>Elephas maximus</i>on the basis of faulty assumptions promotes inappropriate management solutions","authors":"Jean Philippe Puyravaud, Priya Davidar, Rajeev Kumar Srivastava, Belinda Wright","year":2016,"doi":"10.1017/s003060531600003x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2405827001","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/445CA4643C993D1A1AF54CB7E77E9230/S003060531600003Xa.pdf/div-class-title-modelling-harvest-of-asian-elephants-span-class-italic-elephas-maximus-span-on-the-basis-of-faulty-assumptions-promotes-inappropriate-management-solutions-div.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Oryx","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract A ratio-based logistic model developed to assess elephant harvest rates, based on a study at Nagarhole Tiger Reserve in India, was recommended as a management tool to control human–elephant conflict through culling. Considering this reserve among others violates an assumption of the logistic model: isolation. Nevertheless, assuming this violation was irrelevant, we re-evaluated the model, with minor modifications, for the neighbouring Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, where we used data from 13 elephant Elephas maximus population surveys to derive bootstrapped sets of population ratios, and mortality records. We generated arrays of harvest regimes and examined which ratio outputs were closest to the bootstrapped ratios. Our results indicated that (1) model outputs corresponded best with the Mudumalai population structure when harvest regimes were extreme and unlikely, (2) there were significant differences in population structure and harvest regimes between Nagarhole and Mudumalai, and (3) only 49% of adult male deaths predicted by model outputs were recorded in official governmental records. The model provides significantly different results among reserves, which invalidates it as a tool to predict change across the entire elephant population. Variability in survey data and inaccuracies in transition probabilities are sufficiently large to warrant caution when using them as a basis for deterministic modelling. Official mortality databases provide a weak means of validation because poaching incidents are poorly recorded. We conclude that the model should be based on validated transition probabilities and encompass the entire regional population."},{"kind":"article","title":"Leaf litter production and seasonal pattern in the tropical thorn forest at the foot hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"N. Kanagaraj, R. K. Kaleeswari, A. Balasubramanian, Marie‐Ka Tilak","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3103323115","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Trends in Biosciences/Trends in biosciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Season wise analysis of productivity of maize hybrid COHM (5) with the influence of seed and crop management techniques","authors":"Srinivasan Jayaraman, P. Srimathi, Vanitha Jayaraman","year":2016,"doi":"10.5958/2230-732x.2016.00035.8","url":"https://openalex.org/W2396634818","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-732x.2016.00035.8","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Biotechnology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Studies were initiated to evaluate the influence of seed priming technique (15 per cent Azospirillum + 15 per cent phosphobacteria, 10per cent P. fluorescens + 20per cent Humic acid, 15 per cent Azophos + 10 per cent P. fluorescens and hydro priming technique) in conjunction with crop management techniques viz., nutrient supplementation as basal (humic acid @ 10kg ha−1, micronutrient 5kg ha−1) and foliar (diammonium phosphate 2 per cent, humic acid 0.1per cent, sea weed extract 0.5per cent) along with NPK application. The results revealed that seeds primed with 20 per cent humic acid + 10 per cent P. flurescense, applied with humic acid @ 10 kg ha−1 as basal application and sprayed with 0.5% sea weed extract improved the productivity of maize and the grain recovery. On comparison of seed and crop management techniques the contribution of seed management technique was higher than crop management techniques. The evaluated seed and crop management techniques were further test verified at Bhavanisagar both during Kharif and Rabi season, which conformed the influence of identified seed and crop management techniques on enhanced productivity and nutrient status of the grain, recommending it as package for commercial hybrid production irrespective of season and location."},{"kind":"article","title":"Turmeric - maize and onion intercropping systems II. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation","authors":"K. Sivaraman, Palaniappan Subramanian","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2615794909","oa_url":"https://eurekamag.com/research/003/003/003003057.php","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Experiments were laid out at Bhavanisagar and Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India) to study the influence of intercropping on leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in whole plants of turmeric ( Curcuma longa ), maize ( Zea mays ) and onion ( Allium cepa ) when grown in intercropping and sole cropping systems. Maize was intercropped with turmeric in two proportions (50 and 100 per cent of the recommended population levels). Onion was also introduced as additional intercrop with maize with 23 per cent of the population of sole crop. These crops were also raised as sole crops. Leaf area indices and dry matter accumulation of maize and turmeric at different stages were influenced significantly by intercropping systems, in both locations. Intercropping maize in turmeric significantly reduced the growth of the latter. This effect was quite obvious where maize was raised as intercrop at 100 per cent of the recommended population. Sole cropping of turmeric resulted in higher leaf area indices than turmeric raised as intercrop. Raising onion as additional intercrop did not influence dry matter accumulation of component crops appreciably."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecologically Sustainable Pest Management for Thrips and Aphids in Groundnut","authors":"P. Karuppuchamy","year":2016,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.001007","url":"https://openalex.org/W2799593000","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/103-4-6-141-145.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Two field experiments were conducted in groundnut for the management of aphids and thrips in an ecologically sustainable manner during 2014 - 15 at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. The results showed that seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 FS 5 ml/kg followed by spraying with thiamethoxam 25 WG at 0.4 ml/l at 30 DAS (or) seed treatment with imidacloprid 70 FS at 5 ml/kg of seed followed by spraying with neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) 5% at 30 DAS + placing yellow sticky trap at 25/ha. at 30 DAS+ raising cow pea as trap crop+ release of green lace wing predator Chrysoperla zastrowi at 30 DAS @ 2500 / ha. (or) spraying neem oil 2% at weekly interval from 20 DAS five times (or) basal application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ha.+ placing yellow sticky trap @ 25/ha. at 20 DAS+ release of green lace wing predator C. zastrowi @ 2500 /ha. at 20 DAS+ Azadirachtin 1% spray at 2 ml/l. at 30 DAS + raising cow pea as trap crop/ cumbu as intercrop recorded significantly lower population of thrips and aphids along with higher pod yield. These pest management approaches are useful in formulating ecologically sustainable biointensive IPM strategies."},{"kind":"article","title":"WET AND DRY SPELL ANALYSIS FOR AGRICULTURAL CROP PLANNING USING MARKOV CHAIN PROBABILITY MODEL AT BHAVANISAGAR","authors":"M. Manikandan, G. Thiyagarajan, J. Bhuvaneswari, N. K. Prabhakaran","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3173275460","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":9,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Bird Diversity of a Riparian Forest in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"P. Manikandan, P. Balasubramanian","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2548806713","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A total of 158 species of birds belonging to 56 families was recorded in a lowland riparian forest in along Bhavani river in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India from August 2012 to July 2014. Of the 158 species of birds, 110 species were residents, 33 were winter migrants and 15 summer migrants. The order Passeriformes was highest in dominance followed by Piciformes and Falconiformes. Insectivores (47%) constituted the most predominant guild followed by frugivores (20%). Highest species richness (127) was observed in February and lowest (75) in July. Maximum diversity value (4.23) was recorded in December. Avifauna of the study area comprised one threatened species, Nilgiri Woodpigeon (Columba elphinstonii)- Vulnerable and five near-threatened species and four endemic species. This study illustrated useful information on bird diversity of a low-land riparian forest which serves as a baseline for future research and monitoring."},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of dry season fire on tree diversity of a tropical dry forest in Bandipur National Park","authors":"Suresh Satyanarayana HEBBALALU, K Shravana Kumar, Raman Sukumar","year":2016,"doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.283538","url":"https://openalex.org/W2610430518","oa_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/265596","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A study was conducted at the tropical dry forest of Bandipur, south India, to understand the impact of dry season fire on survival and mortality of different species. A total of 4235 trees belonging to 66 species were enumerated in both burnt and un-burnt areas of Bandipur National Park. Standard vegetation indices were calculated to characterize the natural vegetation of the park. Of the total 2679 trees were recorded from burnt area. Fire resulted in mortality of 679 trees belonging to 33 species. Tectona grandis (Teak) suffered maximum mortality because of fire followed by Anogeissus latifolia . Large proportion of Anogeissus latifolia and Terminalia crenulata trees survived the fire. Mortality of different species was significantly related to the population sizes of each species and also the survival of each species. There was a disproportionate mortality across different size classes. Key words: Tropical dry forest, Bandipur, tree diversity, fire, mortality, survival"},{"kind":"article","title":"Floristic Diversity and Ethnobotanical Uses of Vedhagiri Hills in Bhavani, Erode District, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Saranya Ravi, Rajendran Arumugam, Sarvalingam Ariyan","year":2016,"doi":"10.4236/oalib.1102259","url":"https://openalex.org/W2223976385","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102259","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"OALib","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Background: The present study was undertaken to enumerate the floristic composition of Veddhagiri hills, the Southern Western Ghats of Erode district. It becomes essential to analyze the diversity statically to find out the distribution of plants species in various families. Material and Methods: Several field trips were made from September 2013 to March 2014, covering different seasons, in order to know the phenology of the plants. Results: A total number of 135-species under 40-families with 103-genera were collected from the Angiosperms. Among the Angiosperms, Dicotyledons comprise 120-species under 69-genera and 36-families and the Monocotyledons comprise 15-species belonging to 14-genera and 4-families. On the basis of the habit, the plants have been grouped into trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers. Herbs are more dominated with 50 species, followed by Shrub 31 species, Climber 18 species, Tree 24 species and Grasses 12 species. Some of the plants were used by rural people in many different ways. The principle uses were medicinal, cultural/religious, food, timber and other household purposes. Conclusion: Natural forest areas are shrinking at an alarming rate due to high anthropogenic pressure and climatic change. The need of the hour is to conserve the fragmented repositories of natural forests in this region by implementing stringent conservation methods."},{"kind":"article","title":"Population and Distribution of Four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis in Talamalai plateau, Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Southern India","authors":"K. C. N. Swamy, M Karthikeyan, D. Boominathan, Ajay A. Desai","year":2016,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2553116618","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Occurrences of Human Wild Pig Conflict in Tamil Nadu - India","authors":"Boon Allwin, Gokarn NS, Stalin Vedamanickam, Singh Anant Gopal, Pandian SSA","year":2016,"doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000200","url":"https://openalex.org/W2530581137","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000200","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The study was carried out to assess the Human wild pig conflict and how the occurrences of conflict varied with the climatic factors. The areas adjoining the Mudumalai wildlife region, Sathyamangalam wildlife region and Anaimalai wildlife region of Tamil Nadu, India were included in this study programme. The documentation of the quantifiable meteorological factors in the identified conflict areas was done using the weather portal of TNAU. The occurrences of conflict were also classified as low, medium and high based on the intensity. Conflicts were graded as low, medium and high. Low - infrastructure damage, water source contamination, rooting of land and ecological damage, moderate-agricultural crop raiding, livestock preying, damage to forest restoration and grasslands, high- injury to humans, causing fatalities. Suitable management related measures were recommended pertaining to the findings observed in regard to wild pig- human conflicts pertaining to the variations in the meteorological factors of the areas were studied. The findings revealed that the climate played an important part in the vegetation of plants in the study area and this regulated the crops which in turn regulated the occurrences of conflict. Hence this study would prove useful in addressing conservation and conflict issues."},{"kind":"article","title":"The wild pig (Sus Scrofa) behavior- a retrospective study","authors":"Boon Allwin","year":2016,"doi":"10.15406/jdvar.2016.3.00083","url":"https://openalex.org/W2472605741","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Dairy Veterinary & Animal Research","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Wild pigs are the most prolific very intelligent and secretive species that over the recent past has been in a lot of conflict terms with the humans These animals are adaptive generalists and survive in wide range of habitats worldwide The reproductive traits of wild pigs are extraordinary showing high prolificacy so it becomes impossible to control their population These animals have adapted to become nocturnal proving it difficult to know about their behavior However in order in spite of these challenges the main objectives of this study was to understand the behavior and ecology of this particular species to come up the control strategies Thus basis for documenting and understanding the wild pig behavior has dramatically evolved contributing significantly to our understanding of these animals In general however the lack of intensive field studies was attributed to the fact that wild pigs were regarded everywhere as a pest The wild pig groups usually known as sounder rsquo s were tracked and all findings were documented The study period was about a year and the wild pigs were tracked and observed at the adjoining regions of the Eastern Ghats Sathyamangalam region and the Western Ghats Mudumalai tiger reserve Anaimalai tiger reserve and of Tamil Nadu state during November to October A variety of behaviors were documented such as social unit organization Habitat utilization Daily activity patterns Movement patterns Modes of mobility Home range Male male competition Maternal behavior Resting loafing beds Mannerism and attitudes Vigilance behavior Vocalizations Wallowing Rubbing Symbiotic grooming behavior Scent marking Senses At the end of the study we were able to precisely outlay the above the entire behavior attributes of wild pigs These findings are necessary to understand the wild pigs and their vermin nature to combat crop raiding eventually cutting down Human Wild pig conflict that will a more scientific method of conservation to avoid conflicts ending in tragic outcomes"},{"kind":"article","title":"A Note on Luisia abrahami Vatsala (Orchidaceae) Rare, Endemic Species from Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, Eastern Ghats","authors":"L. Prakash, P. Balasubramanian","year":2016,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-2016-400qp0","url":"https://openalex.org/W4206507669","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The extended distribution of a rare, endemic orchid species Luisia abrahami Vatsala from Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve, southern Eastern Ghats has been reported."},{"kind":"article","title":"Resource-use Efficiency of Sugarcane Production in Sathyamangalam Taluk of Erode District of Tamil Nadu: An Economic Analysis","authors":"A. Saravanan","year":2016,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15710265","url":"https://openalex.org/W3094126377","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15710265","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"AbstractThe aim of this study is to estimate the cost and returns and resource use efficiency in sugarcane production per acre on different size of farms in Sathyamangalam taluk of Erode District in Tamil Nadu. The study is confined to a sample of 150 sugarcane farmer households selected from ten villages of Sathyamangalam taluk of Erode District. A simple percentage analysis is employed to identify the socio-economic characteristics and cost and returns of sugarcane cultivation for the selected sample farmers. The stochastic production frontier function model of the Cobb-Douglas type is used to incorporate the technical inefficiency effects. The study concluded that this technical inefficiency in production of sugarcane may be as a result of high cost of hired labour, fertilizer, seeds and machine hours used. This means that in the sugarcane production, technical efficiency (TE) can be increased by using such inputs more efficiently. To ensure the efficient use of resources in the production, sugar cane in the region, a concerted effort on the part of individual farmers, government and research institutes is very important. Keywords: Sugarcane, Cost & Returns, TE, OLS, Stochastic Frontier Function"},{"kind":"article","title":"An Analysis of Cost and Returns of Sugarcane Production in Erode District of Tamilnadu","authors":"Saravanan Ayyavoo","year":2016,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.15711848","url":"https://openalex.org/W2583435609","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15711848","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"AbstractObjective: The main purpose of the present study is to estimate the cost and returns of sugarcane production per acre on different size of farms in Sathyamangalam block of Erode district in Tamilnadu, India.Methods: The study was confined to a sample of 120 sugarcane farmer households selected from four villages of Sathyamangalam block of Erode District. A simple percentage analysis was employed to identify the cost and returns of sugarcane cultivation for the selected sample farmers.Findings: The study found that an average sugarcane cultivating farmer in the area spent 14.40 percent of the total cost on seed, 5.32 percent (appropriated cost) on family labour, 64.96 percent on hired labour, 5.67 percent on machinery used for different operations, 6.04 percent on chemical fertilizer and 3.61 percent on pesticide, realised a net return of Rs.26424 per acre. This might be due to the fact that the benefit of economies of scale has reached its maximum only at the farm size of 5-7.5 acres. Therefore, our generalisation on optimum farm for the area falls in the category of 5-7.5 acres.Application/Recommendation: The study recommends that can improve cropping system and stabilizes farm income to the farmers; the Government intervention is sought in a manner that there is unbiased credit support for farms of all categories without discrimination. The general observation from the farmer’s perception in the area is that inspite of the fact that the Central and State Governments price incentives have provided them a relief to some extent, the mechanism evolved for fixing minimum price does not cover the entire cost components and the risk factors involved in the sugarcane cultivation. Keywords: Sugarcane, Cost, Revenue, Production, Yield."},{"kind":"article","title":"The Wild Pig (Sus scrofa) Behavior – A Retrospective Study","authors":"Boon Allwin, Ranjni Swaminathan","year":2016,"doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000333","url":"https://openalex.org/W2500064698","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000333","licence":"other-oa","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology","citations":29,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Wild pigs are the most prolific, very intelligent and secretive species that over the recent past has been in a lot of conflict terms with the humans. These animals are adaptive generalists and survive in wide range of habitats worldwide. The reproductive traits of wild pigs are extraordinary showing high prolificacy so it becomes impossible to control their population. These animals have adapted to become nocturnal proving it difficult to know about their behavior. However in order in spite of these challenges the main objectives of this study was to understand the behavior and ecology of this particular species to come up the control strategies. Thus basis for documenting and understanding the wild pig behavior has dramatically evolved, contributing significantly to our understanding of these animals. In general, however, the lack of intensive field studies was attributed to the fact that wild pigs were regarded everywhere as a pest. The wild pig groups usually known as sounder's were tracked and all findings were documented. The study period was about a year and the wild pigs were tracked and observed at the adjoining regions of the Eastern Ghats (Sathyamangalam region) and the Western Ghats (Mudumalai tiger reserve, Anaimalai tiger reserve) and of Tamil Nadu state during November, 2012 to October, 2014. A variety of behaviors were documented such as social unit organization, Habitat utilization, Daily activity patterns, Movement patterns, Modes of mobility, Home range, Male-male competition, Maternal behavior, Resting/loafing beds, Mannerism and attitudes, Vigilance behavior, Vocalizations, Wallowing, Rubbing, Symbiotic grooming behavior, Scent marking, Senses. At the end of the study we were able to precisely outlay the above the entire behavior attributes of wild pigs. These findings are necessary to understand the wild pigs and their vermin nature to combat crop raiding, eventually cutting down Human-Wild pig conflict, that will a more scientific method of conservation to avoid conflicts ending in tragic outcomes."},{"kind":"article","title":"Status and population of vultures in Moyar Valley, southern India","authors":"R. Venkitachalam, S. Senthilnathan","year":2016,"doi":"10.11609/jott.2522.8.1.8358-8364","url":"https://openalex.org/W2259368962","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/2522/3517","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Four species of vultures were surveyed using road transects in two parts of the Moyar Valley, three of these are Critically Endangered by IUCN criteria and one is Endangered. The vulture study was done for the first time in Nilgiri North Forest Division and Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve of Moyar Valley to determine the flock size in the three species of vultures and also to get a rough estimation of vultures. The results show higher flock size and higher densities in Nilgiri North Forest Division than in Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve and the most numerous of these was the White-rumped Vulture. There is also evidence of seasonal movements in Nilgiri North Forest Division. These data represent the first systematic survey results from the area and demonstrate the significance of the Moyar Valley for all four Endangered vulture species, probably the main stronghold remaining in southern India. They are White-rumped Vulture &lt;em&gt;Gyps bengalensis&lt;/em&gt;, Indian Vulture &lt;em&gt;Gyps indicus&lt;/em&gt;, Red-headed Vulture &lt;em&gt;Sarcogyps calvus&lt;/em&gt; and Egyptian Vulture &lt;em&gt;Neophron percnopterus&lt;/em&gt;. The study recommends that immediate long-term conservation efforts should be taken to save the Critically Endangered vultures in the Moyar Valley.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;"},{"kind":"article","title":"Food habits of Tiger Panthera tigris and its Co-predator in Sathyamangalam\nForest Division,Tamilnadu, Southern India","authors":"M. Baskaran; B. Vinoth; N. Sathish; C. Arivazhagan","year":2015,"doi":"10.20894/STET.116.009.002.004","url":"","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"The health problems and health scenario of soliga tribals at biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, South India","authors":"C. Madegowda, C. Usha Rao","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2464195536","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"MyPrints@UOM (Mysore University Library)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Soligas tribals have been living in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary for time immemorial and they have symbiotic relationship with nature. They have been using the tubers, fruits, leaves, honey, mushrooms, bamboo shoot and seeds in their every day diet. Soligas have the health problems like common diseases, waterborne disease, flown from trees, animal attack and genetic diseases of sickle Cell anemia etc. Soligas are practicing medicinal plants and belief treatments for centuries. The interventions of Vivekananda Girijana Kalayana Kendra and Government, they are started to use modern medical treatments. Even today some of the Podus still using unsafe drinking water. The health services are not reaching to Podu(village) level, they have to walk miles to get medical treatments."},{"kind":"article","title":"ABO and Rh (D) Blood Group Polymorphms in Soliga Tribal Population of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Nandakumar, P. Raghu, A. Deva, K. Prabhakaran","year":2015,"doi":"10.1080/09751270.2015.11885233","url":"https://openalex.org/W2769559690","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Life Sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study reports the distribution of ABO blood groups and Rh (D) factor among the Soliga population of Erode district, Tamil Nadu state, India. The phenotype frequencies of ABO blood group were O = 33.3%, A= 39.6%, B =21.7% and AB = 5.4%. The frequency of blood group (A) was the highest, and the allele frequencies of A, B, O are 0.26, 0.148 and 0.592 respectively), all the participants were Rh positive."},{"kind":"article","title":"WINE PRODUCTION IN WILD FRUITS OF OPENTIA STRICTAHAW.","authors":"Ganesan C.M, R Ravichandran, R Deepthi, S Paulsamy","year":2015,"doi":"10.26524/krj70","url":"https://openalex.org/W3002583118","oa_url":"https://krjournal.com/index.php/krj/article/download/80/394","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Kongunadu Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study was attempted for using the wild species present in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats for wine production. A wild species Opuntia stricta has been identified as an alternative source of grapes for wine production. The results of the study report that the carbohydrate content (sugar and pecticsubstances) was higher in the fruits and it was comparable to that of grapes. The various kinds of minerals, vitamins and other nutrients are also found to be higher in this species. This enriched status of nutrients provide favourable environment for the fermentation of carbohydrates. The percentage of ethanol determined in the fruit of Opuntia stricta was also higher as in grapes. Further it has been observed that 30 days of incubation for fermentation is found to be optimum for higher alcohol production (1.8%). Hence,Opuntia stricta can be served as prominent source for wine making."},{"kind":"article","title":"A comparative assessment on Biochemical components of Camponotus compressus and Crematogaster biroi in Mukurthi National Park, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Mohana Panneer Selvam, Chinnappan Gunasekaran, Sharmila Banu Ammanullah","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2187057834","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Biochemical analysis of robust ant species Camponotus compressus and Crematogaster biroi was studied in Mukurthi National Park, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Ants are the suitable indicators to detect the ecological conditions of the forest. The Camponotus compressus and Crematogaster biroi were collected according to the developmental stages like egg, pupa, worker, soldier and queen from the selected sites. The biochemical analysis was done by the biochemical methods described for protein, Glycogen, Lipid and amino acid by Lowry, Seifer, Folch, Moore and Stein. SDS-PAGE analysis of egg and queen of both ant species was one by method described by Laemmli. The result clearly reveals that the biochemical components of two ant species showed a significant amount of protein, glycogen, lipid and amino acids."},{"kind":"article","title":"Sacred hills of the Toda people of South India: A plea for world heritage status","authors":"Tarun Chhabra","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2412061619","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract-The Todas worship scores of hilltops where they believe their principal deities or clan-specific local gods reside. It is thus considered sacrilege even to point towards such a deity peak with one's finger. It is also no coincidence at all that the area in and around the Toda sacred-landscape, where their major hill deities are believed to reside, has come to constitute in recent times, the core of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. This is the very first biosphere reserve in all of India (1986). There is now an urgent need to have this region inscribed as a World Heritage site."},{"kind":"article","title":"Tuskers on tracks: how many more elephants must die before a solution is devised?","authors":"V. Thiyagaraj","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2468571511","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International journal of research in social sciences","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Elephants or Tuskers are classified as mega herbivores and consume up to 150 kg (330 lb) of plant matter per day. They graze on the tall grasses, but the portion consumed varies with season. When the new flush appears in April, they remove the tender blades in small clumps. Later, when grasses are higher than 0.5 m (1.6 ft.), they uproot entire clumps, dust them skillfully and consume the fresh leave tops, but discard the roots. In the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve three elephant clans had overall home ranges of 562 km2 (217 sq. mi), 670 km2 (260 sq. mi) and 799 km2 (308 sq. mi) in the beginning of the 1990s. The movement and habitat utilization patterns of an elephant population were studied in southern India during 1981–83 within a 1,130 km2 (440 sq. mi). Conversion of elephant corridors into estates, buildings and crop cultivation sites results in crop damage and human causalities."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diet of Nilgiri langur Semnopithecus johnii inhabiting tropical montane shola in the Nilgiri Hills, South India","authors":"T. S. Kavana, Joseph J. Erinjery, Mewa Singh","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2917690640","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"We studied food habits of a group of 11 Nilgiri Langurs \r\nSemnopithecus johnii\r\n(Fischer) in the Nilgiri Hills of the \r\nNilgiri Biosphere Reserve in south India. The study group occupied a patch of stunted montane forest surrounded \r\nby grassland, a habitat type known in south India as \r\nshola\r\n. Among 20 species prominent in the diet between \r\nJune and December were (1) native plant species that are found principally in shola at elevations above 1,300 m \r\n(34% of feeding time), (2) pine needles, which are low-quality food items (11%), and (3) non-native plants (15%). \r\nHuman activity is fragmenting shola and decimating the Nilgiri Langur habitat and food supply. Conserving the \r\nNilgiri Langur will require protecting the shola forests of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve."},{"kind":"article","title":"Bioactive potential of bacolepis nervosa wight arn Decne ex moq periplocaceae an endemic plant to Nilgiri biosphere reserve","authors":"A Arockia Jenecius alphonse","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2346717910","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Rainfall-Runoff Model for Silent Valley Catchment of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"K E Sreedharan and E L James A K Murali","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W4406237994","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Taxonomic studies of the family cyberaceae in Nilgiri biosphere reserve India","authors":"Viji A.R","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2766130650","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecological Sustainability for Non-timber Forest Products","authors":null,"year":2015,"doi":"10.4324/9781315851587","url":"https://openalex.org/W2345936685","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":111,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Part 1: Examining Non-Timber Forest Product Systems 1. Introduction: The Need to Understand the Ecological Sustainability of Non-Timber Forest Products Harvesting Systems Charlie M. Shackleton, Tamara Ticktin and Ashok K. Pandey 2. Non-Timber Forest Products in Livelihoods Charlie M. Shackleton 3. The Ecological Sustainability of Non-Timber Forest Product Harvest: Principles and Methods Tamara Ticktin 4. The Importance of Environmental History in Evaluating the Sustainability of Non-Timber Forest Product Harvesting Systems Annika C. Dahlberg Part 2: Case Studies of Ecologically Sustainable Non-timber Forest Product Harvest Systems 5. Harvesting of Palm Fruits can be Ecologically Sustainable: A Case of Buriti (Mauritia Flexuosa Arecaceae) in Central Brazil Mauricio Bonesso Sampaio and Flavio Antonio Maes dos Santos 6. Harvesting from the Tree of Life: Responsible Commercialization of Baobab in South Africa and Malawi Lucy Welford, Sarah Venter, Christian Dohse and Itai Chibaya 7. The Road to Sustainable Harvests in Wild Honey Collection: Experiences from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India Anita Varghese, Snehlata Nath, Robert Leo and Sumin George Thomas 8. The Sustainability of Small-Scale Fishery Harvests in the Context of Highly Variable Resources Jaime Aburto, Georgina Cundill and Wolfgang Stotz 9. The Sustainability of Soapberry (Sapindus Laurifolia Vahl) Fruit Harvest by the Soliga Community in South India Siddappa Setty R. 10. Moving from the Ecological Sustainability to the Participatory Management of Janaguba (Himatanthus Drasticus - Apocynaceae) Cristina Baldauf, Christiane E. Correa, Maisa Ciampi-Guillardi, Julia C. Sfair, Damasio D. Pessoa, Raydine C.F. Oliveira, Marilyn F. Machado, Cicero Ikaro Dantas Milfont, Terry C.H. Sunderland and Flavio A.M. dos Santos 11. Sustainable Bark Harvesting of Important Medicinal Tree Species, India Ashok K. Pandey 12. Cork Oak (Quercus Suber L.): A Case of Sustainable Bark Harvesting In Southern Europe Augusta Costa and Graca Oliveira 13. Sustainability of Golden Grass Flower Stalk Harvesting in the Brazilian Savanna Isabel B. Schmidt, Isabel Benedetti Figueiredo and Tamara Ticktin Part 3: Ecological Sustainability in Dynamic Social Contexts 14. Commercialization and Sustainability: When can they Co-Exist? Rachel Wynberg and Jaci van Niekerk 15. Good Governance: A Key Element of Sustainable Non-Timber Forest Product Harvesting Systems Rebecca J. McLain and Steven Lawry 16. Ecologically Sustainable Harvesting of Non-Timber Forest Products: Disarming the Narrative and the Complexity Charlie M. Shackleton, Ashok K. Pandey and Tamara Ticktin"},{"kind":"article","title":"Factors influencing the local scale colonisation and change in density of a widespread invasive plant species, Lantana camara, in South India.","authors":"B. Sundaram, Ankila J. Hiremath, J. Krishnaswamy","year":2015,"doi":"10.3897/NEOBIOTA.25.8354","url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ca1728e3d0cc33f3d5f0ad8fdaf98a75daff4730","oa_url":"https://neobiota.pensoft.net/article/5064/download/pdf/","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"","citations":17,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Identifying factors that underlie invasive species colonisation and change in density could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of biological invasions and for invasive species management. We examined a suite of factors potentially influencing the landscape-level invasion of Lantana camara L., one of the most ubiquitous invasive species in South Asia. These factors included disturbance factors like forest fires, historical habitat modification, and edge effects, in addition to factors like propagule pressure and habitat suitability. We examined the relative importance of these factors on the colonisation and change in density of L. camara in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. We used extensive (1997–2008) datasets tracking the presence and abundance of L. camara and combined these with corresponding data on disturbances, propagule pressure, and habitat suitability. We used an information-theoretic model selection approach to determine the relative importance of each factor on the colonisation and change in density of L. camara. Colonisation was mainly a function of proximity to already established populations (i.e. propagule pressure), whereas increase in L. camara density appeared to be constrained by high fire frequency. Research and management efforts need to recognize the multidimensional nature of mechanisms underlying L. camara’s success during different invasion phases when strategizing interventions to mitigate its effects."},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimation of Group Size, Age and Sex Composition of Evident Prey Species in the Segur Plateau, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Manoj K, Boon Allwin","year":2015,"doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000168","url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000168","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Ecosystem &amp; Ecography","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Tribal Situation in The Nilgiri Biosphere Area","authors":"Krishna Murty, H.M. Maralusiddaiah","year":2015,"doi":"10.5958/2454-4833.2015.00019.4","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2454-4833.2015.00019.4","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Sociology, Social Anthropology and Social Policy","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Customers’ Satisfaction towards Samsung Smartphone: A Study in Gobichettipalayam Town, Erode District","authors":"K. Kannusamy, S. Karthika","year":2015,"doi":"10.5958/2229-4503.2015.00006.5","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2229-4503.2015.00006.5","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Al-Barkaat Journal of Finance &amp; Management","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Customer's satisfaction is growing concern among Indian businesses. The consumer with higher education, information and awareness demands better value for money. Retaining current customers and winning future customers is becoming increasingly tough task for Indian marketers. Today the customers is considered a king and his buying behaviour has become the focal point of attention of the business world. Globalized companies are facing stiff competition and they have to develop products and strategies not only to develop products but strategies to attract customers also. Companies have to find means to increase their market share and profit. The technology like internet has helped customers to know more about the companies and their products. Companies have developed and implemented consumer centric strategies and made sure they involve not only the customer in the process but also the various stock holders, so that they can meet the customer's expectations effectively. This is done through identifying customers’ needs and measuring consumers satisfaction. Focussing on customers’ needs the companies try to develope goodwill with which customers will identify. The next task is to retain them and making them come back to the company again and again. The best way to do this is by keeping in touch with them constantly."},{"kind":"article","title":"The road to sustainable harvests in wild honey collection: experiences from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":null,"year":2015,"doi":"10.4324/9781315851587-15","url":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315851587-15","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Ecological Sustainability for Non-timber Forest Products","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Cyperus coonoorensis (Cyperaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"A. R. Viji, A. G. Pandurangan, S. Deepu, G. C. Tucker","year":2015,"doi":"10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.7","url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.7","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Phytotaxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES, THALICTRUM JAVANICUM BLUME IN THOTTABETTA, NILGIRIS, THE WESTERN GHATS","authors":"G. Abinaya, S Paulsamy","year":2015,"doi":"10.26524/krj68","url":"https://openalex.org/W3002518381","oa_url":"https://krjournal.com/index.php/krj/article/download/79/392","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Kongunadu Research Journal","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Phytosociological study is the most essential in any community to know its structure and organization. The various qualitative characters obtained are used to determine the level of distribution, numerical strength and degree of dominance exhibited by the constituent species in the community. Thalictrum javanicum belongs to the family Ranunculaceae family, it is medium sized erect herb, found in the temperate Himalayas from Kasmir to Sikkim in Khasi hills, and Kodaikanal and Nilgiri hills of Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, India. At global level, it is generally distributed in the hilly tracts of India, Srilanka, China and Java at the altitude of around 2400 m above msl. The present study was undertaken in Thottabetta , the Nilgiris by sampling using belt transects of 10x1000m size which further divided into 100 segments each which 10x10m size. The total number of species encountered in the study area is 45 which includes 5 grasses and 40 forbs. The quantitative ecological characters of the study species, T. javanicum is a detailed below: frequency 11%, abundance 3.82 individuals/m2, density 0.42 individuals/m2, basal cover 172.20/mm2/ m2, relative frequency 0.55% and relative density 0.08%, relative dominance 0.16%. Based on the ecological attributes it is determined that the species, T. javanicum is less perpetuated in the community studied. Hence, further studies on the determination of propagation strategies for population enhancement and conservationof wilds are suggested."},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimating population sizes of leopard cats in the Western Ghats using camera surveys","authors":"Arjun Srivathsa, Ravishankar Parameshwaran, Sushma Sharma, K. Ullas Karanth","year":2015,"doi":"10.1093/jmammal/gyv079","url":"https://openalex.org/W2105141990","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article-pdf/96/4/742/2501838/gyv079.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Mammalogy","citations":33,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The status of several small carnivores in Asia remains poorly known because of the lack of rigorous population assessments. The leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis is one such species assumed to be common and widespread within the Indian subcontinent. We conducted surveys using automated cameras to estimate densities and abundance of leopard cats in and around 4 protected reserves in the Western Ghats of India. A total effort of 16,736 camera-days across a 2,075-km 2 area resulted in 65 detections of 43 uniquely identified individuals. We estimated leopard cat densities using closed population spatial capture-recapture models under a Bayesian framework. Estimated density was highest in Bhadra Tiger Reserve at 10.45 ( 3.03 SD)/100 km 2 followed by 4.48 ( 1.31 SD)/100 km 2 in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve. The surveys yielded sparse data from Nagarahole and Bandipur reserves. High local densities in Bhadra and BRT were clustered around secondary, disturbed or partially modified forests and human-use areas. Our results provide information critical to the conservation of leopard cats, emphasizing the importance of maintaining habitat buffers and wildlifepermeable areas around protected reserves. Insights from our study highlight the potential of the Western Ghats landscape to serve as a long-term conservation area for leopard cats. Further, our study demonstrates the utility of spatially explicit capture-recapture methods for estimating populations of leopard cats, and may be applied to other threatened small carnivores that are uniquely identified from their morphological features."},{"kind":"article","title":"Factors influencing the local scale colonisation and change in density of a widespread invasive plant species, Lantana camara, in South India","authors":"Bharath Sundaram, Ankila J. Hiremath, Jagdish Krishnaswamy","year":2015,"doi":"10.3897/neobiota.25.8354","url":"https://openalex.org/W2031401596","oa_url":"https://neobiota.pensoft.net/article/5064/download/pdf/","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"NeoBiota","citations":17,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Identifying factors that underlie invasive species colonisation and change in density could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of biological invasions and for invasive species management. We examined a suite of factors potentially influencing the landscape-level invasion of Lantana camara L., one of the most ubiquitous invasive species in South Asia. These factors included disturbance factors like forest fires, historical habitat modification, and edge effects, in addition to factors like propagule pressure and habitat suitability. We examined the relative importance of these factors on the colonisation and change in density of L. camara in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. We used extensive (1997–2008) datasets tracking the presence and abundance of L. camara and combined these with corresponding data on disturbances, propagule pressure, and habitat suitability. We used an information-theoretic model selection approach to determine the relative importance of each factor on the colonisation and change in density of L. camara. Colonisation was mainly a function of proximity to already established populations (i.e. propagule pressure), whereas increase in L. camara density appeared to be constrained by high fire frequency. Research and management efforts need to recognize the multi-dimensional nature of mechanisms underlying L. camara’s success during different invasion phases when strategizing interventions to mitigate its effects."},{"kind":"article","title":"Inclusive Role of Residential Schools in the Development of Education among Sholaga Tribe of Tamil Nadu","authors":"A. Bhagath Singh","year":2015,"doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2015.00012.1","url":"https://openalex.org/W2256058979","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2015.00012.1","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Education for tribal communities has become one of the prime focuses in the planning and is considered as an integral part of socio-economic development of schedule tribe (ST). Since independence, the state has taken efforts in every planning session to incorporate the tribal welfare as one of their main agenda. However it is unfortunate to say that the level of tribal education until today remains marginal. This paper will focus on the impact created by the presence of a government tribal residential (GTR) school, set up within the tribal area of Sholaga of Geddasal, Erode district of Tamil Nadu. It will also emphasise the interventions incurred on the literacy level of the tribe. In the recent years, there has been some improvisation in the mechanism of stake holders in providing the education for the tribal communities. One of the major initiatives among them is the implementation of a tribal residential school to ensure the increase in the literacy rate of tribal children. The bottom line of the residential schools is the provision of the accommodative facilities for students coming from far-off villages and a system of free meals. More eventually, the villages near-by this school benefit the most in-terms of availing the formal education. But apparently, there are flaws that need affirmative action to be taken in involving the participation of tribes themselves in their overall development."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluating the Feasibility of Using Pellets to Assess Age, Relative Abundance and Habitat of Nilgiri Tahr ( ) in Mukurthi National Park, of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Ravikanth Manchiryala, Ajay A. Desai, Sandeep Mushkam, Peter P. Predit","year":2015,"doi":"10.21276/ambi.2015.02.2.ra01","url":"https://openalex.org/W2471091015","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21276/ambi.2015.02.2.ra01","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"AMBIENT SCIENCE","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Nilgiri tahr; is an endangered mountain ungulate of India, endemic to two states comes under Western Ghats. It is a social and shy animal found in mixed herds composed of adult and theirsub adultyoung ones. Due to its shy nature and rapid escape tendencies into sharp mountain cliffs the correct population estimation of it is always remain diff icult. Thus to make the age-sex estimation of Nilgiri tahr populations feasible, we have used as tools its various sizes of pellets collected from habituated Tahr herd. In the present study, based on pellet sizes about 80% of population were segregated into different age-sex related classes. Result revealed higher overlap in pellet sizes among few age and sex related groups."},{"kind":"article","title":"Rediscovery of Ophiorrhiza pykarensis Gamble (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats of India","authors":"V. B. Sreekumar, V.S. Hareesh, K. A. Sreejith","year":2015,"doi":"10.11609/jott.o3786.7186-8","url":"https://openalex.org/W2030777516","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/1977/3207","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Ophiorrhiza pykarensis Gamble was rediscovered from Mukurthi National Park, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu region after a lapse of 78 years. A detailed taxonomic description, phenology, ecology and conservation status of the species is provided along with its illustrations. Â"},{"kind":"article","title":"Morphotaxonomy of Genus Targionia L. (Marchantiales) From Nilgiri Hills (India)","authors":"Afroz Alam","year":2015,"doi":"10.3126/ije.v4i1.12178","url":"https://openalex.org/W1994306418","oa_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJE/article/download/12178/9885","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Environment","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Studies on the order Marchantiales of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), Western Ghats, India, have revealed the occurrence of three taxa of genus Targionia L., namely Targionia hypophylla L., Targionia lorbeeriana K. Müll., and Targionia indica Udar et A. Gupta, belonging to the family Targioniaceae (Hepaticopsida). Due to rapid habitat loss the genus is under threat of extinction, like the previously known species, Targionia indica. Now only two species are found to be scattered in a few localities of NBR, as terrestrial form. Hence, the present paper provides the complete morphotaxonomic account of these two existing species along with SEM details of spores. This would be helpful for proper identification of these taxa in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12178International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, Page: 58-67"},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessing the Effects of Multiple Stressors on the Recruitment of Fruit Harvested Trees in a Tropical Dry Forest, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Anita Varghese, Tamara Ticktin, Lisa Mandle, Snehlata Nath","year":2015,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0119634","url":"https://openalex.org/W2068471351","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119634&type=printable","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"PLoS ONE","citations":39,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The harvest of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), together with other sources of anthropogenic disturbance, impact plant populations greatly. Despite this, conservation research on NTFPs typically focuses on harvest alone, ignoring possible confounding effects of other anthropogenic and ecological factors. Disentangling anthropogenic disturbances is critical in regions such as India's Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot with high human density. Identifying strategies that permit both use and conservation of resources is essential to preserving biodiversity while meeting local needs. We assessed the effects of NTFP harvesting (fruit harvest from canopy and lopping of branches for fruit) in combination with other common anthropogenic disturbances (cattle grazing, fire frequency and distance from village), in order to identify which stressors have greater effects on recruitment of three tropical dry forest fruit tree species. Specifically, we assessed the structure of 54 populations of Phyllanthus emblica, P. indofischeri and Terminalia chebula spread across the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats to ask: (1) How are populations recruiting? and (2) What anthropogenic disturbance and environmental factors, specifically forest type and elevation, are the most important predictors of recruitment status? We combined participatory research with an information-theoretic model-averaging approach to determine which factors most affect population structure and recruitment status. Our models illustrate that for T. chebula, high fire frequency and high fruit harvest intensity decreased the proportion of saplings, while lopping branches or stems to obtain fruit increased it. For Phyllanthus spp, recruitment was significantly lower in plots with more frequent fire. Indices of recruitment of both species were significantly higher for plots in more open-canopy environments of savanna woodlands than in dry forests. Our research illustrates an approach for identifying which factors are most important in limiting recruitment of NTFP populations and other plant species that may be in decline, in order to design effective management strategies."},{"kind":"article","title":"Status of Nilgiri Biosphere in 2015","authors":"Shobha Kumari","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1431622573","oa_url":"http://www.sapub.org/global/showpaperpdf.aspx?doi=10.5923/j.ije.20150504.01","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Ecosystem","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Biosphere Reserves are representative parts of natural and cultural landscapes extending over large area of terrestrial or coastal or marine ecosystems or a combination there of and representative examples of bio-geographic zones or provinces. These regions of environmental protection roughly correspond to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Category V Protected areas in which one of them is Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve represents a Biodiversity-rich ecosystem in the Western Ghats-a global biodiversity hotspot also provides an ideal habitat for supporting a high degree of endemic flora and fauna. A variety of human cultural diversity can be found in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Aim of the present study is to highlight the status of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in 2015. The objective of the present study is in the increasing population or migration from surrounding areas rather than the population growth of indigenous people in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve has been enduring human interference for a very long time through development projects such as hydroelectric power projects, agriculture, horticulture, etc., which have brought about substantial change in the ecology of the area. Many environmental problems are noticed in different parts of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. But from the efforts of conservation law the forest cover has no negative change after 1999 which indicates that strict conservation efforts were taken up by state forest departments of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Report on Medicinal Plants Used in Ethno Veterinary Practices of Toda Tribe in the Nilgiri Hills","authors":"Balan Banumathi Baskaralingam","year":2015,"doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000245","url":"https://openalex.org/W2531398691","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000245","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This study reports the surveyed list of medicinal plants used by Toda tribes of Nilgiri hills in ethnoveterinary practices. During the study, information about ethnoveterinary plants was obtained from Toda tribes by questionnaire method. The ethnoveterinary plants traditionally used by Toda tribes were collected and preserved as herbarium specimens by following the standard methods. The identification of plants was further authenticated with Botanical survey of India, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. During the survey, it was noted that ten plants were traditionally used by Toda tribes to treat various human and veterinary diseases such as basic first aid for food poison, snake bite, indigestion, physio-therapeutic treatment for bone fracture, antibacterial, antifungal activity over cuts and wounds, insect repellent, deworming in cattle, diarrhea, and increases cattle lactation. The information provided in this study would bring new insights on the development of environmental friendly, effective medicines and vaccines to control veterinary diseases in the future. In addition, this study may be highly useful to protect and conserve the endemic flora species of Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"A study on bush frogs (genus :Raorchestes )in Udhagamandalam,Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve,Tamil Nadu","authors":"Jabamalainathan Leona Princy, P. Kannan","year":2015,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.009.002.005","url":"https://openalex.org/W2742468813","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Environment and Technovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Establishment of physio-biochemical profile in Burgur cattle","authors":"P. Sumitha, K. Loganathasamy, Manju G Preedaa, V. Pandiyan","year":2015,"doi":"10.15740/has/vsrj/6.1/42-45","url":"https://openalex.org/W2308616288","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.15740/has/vsrj/6.1/42-45","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"VETERINARY SCIENCE RESEARCH JOURNAL","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present study was carried out to establish normal physio-biochemical profiles in hilly breed of Burgur cattle. Blood samples were collected from 3-4 years old, 10 lactating cows in and around the regions of Bargur hills. Haematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and differential leukocyte count were assessed from whole blood collected with anticoagulant. Blood samples were collected without anticoagulant and serum was separated and used for biochemical profile analysis such as glucose, total protein, albumin, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Physiobiochemical parameters in Burgur cattle were in normal range except calcium ion concentration which was lower in comparison with other cattle breeds.This study documents the physiobiochemical profile of Burgur cattle."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Plant Height, Number of Tillers in Turmeric During kharif Season","authors":"Sathiyavani Erulan","year":2015,"doi":"10.5376//ijh.2015.05.0002","url":"https://openalex.org/W1909942652","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Horticulture","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during kharif season of 2012 to evaluate the integrated weed management with pre and post emergence herbicides in turmeric. The experiments were laid out in Randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of different weed management practices wherein PE herbicides viz ., metribuzin 0.7 kg ha ‑1 , pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha ‑1 and atrazine 0.75 kg ha ‑1 followed by either POE  fenoxaprop 67 g ha ‑1 + metsulfuron 4 g ha ‑1 (Tank mix) on 45 DAP or  HW on 45 and 75 DAP or straw mulch  10 t ha ‑1 on 10 DAP + HW on 75 DAP, all PE oxyfluorfen  0.30 kg ha ‑1 , PE oxadiargyl 0.25 kg ha ‑1 , POE glyphosate 1.03 kg ha ‑1 and 1.54 kg ha ‑1 on 25 DAP followed by HW on 45 and 75 DAP, HW on25, 45 and 75 DAP  and unweeded check were imposed. In both the experiments, observations were recorded on plant growth parameters like plant height and plant dry matter production and number of tillers were recorded in kharif season 2012. In the experimental fields, Echinochloa colonum and Digitaria bicornis among grasses, Cyperus rotundus in sedge, Eclipta prostrata and Boerhaavia diffusa under broad leaved weed were the predominant weeds. The grasses constituted the major proportion of the weed flora at all the growth stages of the crop. Slight to moderate phytotoxicity symptoms in turmeric were observed in glyphosate 1.03 and 1.54 kg ha -1 at the time of application of herbicides, however the crop recovered later. Among the weed management treatments imposed, PE metribuzin 0.7 kg ha ­-­1 + HW on 45 and 75 DAP registered higher uptake of nutrient by crop due to effective control of weeds which enhanced the availability of nutrients to crop leading to positive results in respective of growth parameters like plant height, dry matter production and number of tillers plant -1 , during 2012."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Herbicide residues on Soil Microorganisms in Turmeric","authors":"E. Sathiyavani","year":2015,"doi":"10.5376/ijh.2015.05.0003","url":"https://openalex.org/W2063933570","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Horticulture","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field investigation were undertaken to evaluate the integrated weed management with pre and post emergence herbicides in turmeric at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during kharif season of 2012 and to elucidate information on bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population due to the effect of herbicide residues. The bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes populations were recorded at 3, 15, 25, 50 and 75 DAP. The experiments were laid out in Randomized block design with three replications. The treatments comprised of different weed management practices wherein PE herbicides viz ., metribuzin 0.7 kg ha ‑1 , pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha ‑1 and atrazine 0.75 kg ha ‑1 followed by either POE fenoxaprop 67 g ha ‑1 + metsulfuron 4 g ha ‑1 (Tank mix) on 45 DAP or HW on 45 and 75 DAP or straw mulch 10 t ha ‑1 on 10 DAP + HW on 75 DAP, all PE oxyfluorfen 0.30 kg ha ‑1 , PE oxadiargyl 0.25 kg ha ‑1 , POE glyphosate 1.03 kg ha ‑1 and 1.54 kg ha ‑1 on 25 DAP followed by HW on 45 and 75 DAP, HW on 25, 45 and 75 DAP and unweeded check were imposed. In both the experiments, observations were recorded on soil microorganisms viz., populations of bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes were observed at different days after planting of rhizome. In this experiments showed herbicide application of PE metribuzin 0 .7 kg ha -1 , PE pendimethalin 1.0 kg ha -1 , PE atrazine 0.75 kg ha -1 ,PE oxyfluorfen 0.3 kg ha -1 and PE oxadiargyl 0.25 kg ha -1 recorded significantly lower microbial population immediately after herbicide spraying (3 DAP) than the treatments not having any herbicides and thereafter increased."},{"kind":"article","title":"Distribution pattern, threatened status and conservation measures of fishes with relation to water quality and habitat characteristics of Bhavanisagar Reservoir, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Manickam Raja, Rajendiran Ramkumar, M Kavitha, P. Santhanam","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2614130375","oa_url":"https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2015/vol2issue6/PartA/2-5-76.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"ESTIMATION OF MICROBIAL BURDEN DUE TO DIFFUSED AND POINT SOURCES AT SPATIAL SCALE IN MIDDLE STRETCH OF RIVER BHAVANI, COIMBATORE, TAMILNADU","authors":"Nithya Jeniffer P, M. Siva Kumar, Logan Kumar R","year":2015,"doi":"10.26524/krj76","url":"https://openalex.org/W3001761297","oa_url":"https://krjournal.com/index.php/krj/article/download/87/403","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Kongunadu Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This study was aimed to estimate the microbiological status of river Bhavani which is the major life line of the surrounding area. The river water is used mainly for drinking, washing and swimming purposes. Water samples were collected from five sites (Pilloor, Effluent, Sweage I &amp; II, Bhavanisagar reservoir) and theresults obtained were compared with WHO and EP standards for drinking and recreational water. In the present investigation station III and IV (which is Sweage I &amp; II respective points) showed more numbers of microbes were present which cause the deadly diseases to human being as well as in aquatic, terrestrialorganism due the sewage discharges from the nearby towns. But in the case of lower stream (Bhavanisagar reservoir) that the counts of microorganism present in the reservoir was slightly reduced. The major groups of microorganisms were isolated and identified are E. coli, P. aerugionosa, E. aerogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella sp, Bacillus sp, Proteus sp, Klebsiella sp, Flavo bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. The results are alarming and show that alternative measures to reduce the pollution should be taken in favor of society"},{"kind":"article","title":"Range extension of Pethia nigripinna (Cyprinidae) to Karnataka, India","authors":"J.D.M. Knight, A. Rai, Ronald K. P. D'Souza, B. Vijaykrishnan","year":2015,"doi":"10.47605/tapro.v7i1.157","url":"https://openalex.org/W4312911259","oa_url":"http://www.taprobanica.org/~file/7_1_10_7167_pethianigripinna_knightetal_taprobanica_7_1_47_48-afd94-3349_1077.pdf?b","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"TAPROBANICA The Journal of Asian Biodiversity","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The black-finned barb, Puntius nigripinnis Knight et al., 2012 currently designated to the genus Pethia Pethiyagoda et al., 2012 is a little known barb described from the east flowing Cauvery River basin. The present knowledge on the range of Pethia nigripinna is based only from its original description, as there have been no subsequent records of this species from the Western Ghats. Until now, P. nigripinna is known to occur only in Kalindhi stream, Kabini River in Wayanad, Kerala and Kakkan halla, Moyar River, Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Gravity and Bathymetric Study in the South East Continental Margin of India","authors":"Ayaz Mohmood Dar, S. Lasitha, K Rammiya","year":2015,"doi":"10.4172/2469-4134.1000149","url":"https://openalex.org/W2532849467","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-4134.1000149","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Eastern Continental Margin of India (ECMI) has formed as an upshot of separation of India from Antarctica during the early cretaceous period and subsequent seafloor spreading led to the evolution of Bay of Bengal. The study area, which lies between latitude 8° to 14°N and longitude 77.5° to 81°E, has been selected to delineate the width of the continental shelf region of the south east coast of India. GEBCO bathymetry data and Satellite gravity data has been used for the present study. The bathymetry contour map generated by GEBCO bathymetry data shows gradual increase in the depth from the coastal region (~100 m) to the central basin (~3700 m) and nearly follows a N-S trend from Karikal to Chennai. 24 profiles were extracted from the bathymetric as well as satellite gravity grid. The profiles were created perpendicular to the coastal margin. The maximum width of shelf (~45 km) is observed along the coast near Mamallapuram which is the river mouth of Palar River. Shelf width is gradually decreasing from Chennai to Karikal and the continental slope is also very steep. On the southern part of it, the continental shelf of India merges with that of Srilanka. Further south, in the Mannar basin, the shelf width ranges from 25 to 33 km. The continental shelf region is marked by a relatively high (-40 to 40 mGal) compared to the low gravity anomaly (-40 to -180 mGal) observed towards the basinal area. A local gravity high compared to the surroundings centered at 80.6A‹ÂsE and 11.8A‹ÂsN can be associated with the offshore extension of Moyar- Bhavani shear zone, which dissects south Indian terrain."},{"kind":"article","title":"Breeding Record of Indian Vulture ( Gyps indicus ) in Moyar Valley, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Venkitachalam, S. Senthilnathan","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2679996650","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current Science","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Personality Profile of School Students","authors":"Veena Chakravarthy, V. Chandramohan","year":2015,"doi":"10.25215/0203.068","url":"https://openalex.org/W3086819705","oa_url":"https://ijip.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/B00367V2I32015.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Indian Psychology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Personality refers to distinctive patterns of behaviour that characterizes each individual‟s adaptation to the situations in life. Personality is defined as an enduring pattern of psychological and behavioural characteristics by which each person can be compared and contrasted with each other. Academic success depends on the best use of personality dimensions. Students encounter many hurdles in achieving academic success. Many of these hurdles are within their personality traits. Academic success depends on the best use of personality dimensions. What qualities make students more successful in their life as well as their workplace is a fascinating question? The aim of the present study is to assess the personality traits of the school students and draw a typical personality profile of high school students. Three hundred healthy and well motivated school students, 150 boys and 150 girls, studying Higher Secondary Course at Saru Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Satyamangalam, Erode District, constitute as a sample for the present study. School students are administered with 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), for the purpose of finding out basic personality traits. A typical personality profile of school student. is drawn. Gender differences, between Boys and Girls, on personality traits are highlighted. Implications of the findings are discussed."},{"kind":"article","title":"Additions to the avifauna of the Biligirirangan Hills, Karnataka","authors":"Umesh Srinivasan, Prashanth N. S","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2339962111","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"77°0’-77°16’E) is situated in the Chamarajanagar district of south-eastern Karnataka and covers an area of 540km2. To the north and east lie the town of Kollegala and the Kollegala Forest Division respectively. Westward the plains of Yelandur and Gundlupet separate the sanctuary from Bandipur National Park. To the south, the range merges with the Satyamangalam Hills, which further to the south drop down to the Coimbatore plains. Eastwards, the Kollegala forests and a few villages separate the range from the Mahadeswara Malai Hills. Situated thus at the tail end of the eastern ghats, the BR"},{"kind":"article","title":"Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Gaur (Bos gaurus) and Domestic Cattle at Interface Zones of the Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Boon Allwin","year":2015,"doi":"10.4172/2157-7579.1000280","url":"https://openalex.org/W2433001490","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7579.1000280","licence":"other-oa","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Little is known about gastrointestinal parasite infections in wild ruminants. Faecal survey of parasitic prevalence plays an important role in wildlife management. The Wildlife interface regions, adjoining regions of forests serve as potential marker zones that serve to intermediate buffer zones that provide the viable ecology for the transit of various parasites between domestic and wild animals sharing the same landscape. Parasitic infections can cause disease and death in wild animals and can become a source of infection for domestic animals. Epidemiological studies are important to know about the status and transmission of these diseases. Parasitic diseases are best controlled by preventing the contact and parasite transmission between wild and domestic animals and by manipulating the factors involved in the disease transmission. The aim of this paper was to find out the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in gaur (bos gaurus) and domestic cattle at interface zones of the nilgiri hills. Qualitative examination of faecal samples from wild gaur (n=30) sharing ecosystem with domestic cattle (n=20) in the Nilgiri hills was done by Centrifugal sedimentation method and Floatation method. The prevalence was 63.3% and 80.0% in wild gaur and domestic cattle respectively with overall prevalence of 70.0%. The helminthes observed were trematodes (13.3%) include Fasciola sp. (3.3%), Amphistome sp. (6.7%) and Schistosoma sp. (3.3%), cestodes (20.0%) include Moniezia sp. nematodes (43.3%) include Toxocara sp. (6.7%), Strongyle sp. (23.3%), Oesophagostomum sp. (3.3%), Trichuris sp. (6.7%) and Mecistocirrus sp. (3.3%) and unsporulated Coccidia oocysts (13.3%) in wild gaur. It was concluded that, parasitic prevalence survey is vital in monitoring the impact on the health and maintenance of wild gaur population, and the prevalence of GI parasites recorded in the wild gaur and domestic cattle in the study areas shows the need to design and implement a control policy of helminth parasites in the Nilgiri hills."},{"kind":"article","title":"Wild Pigs (Sus scrofa)-A Missing link in Ecology Conflict, Crisis and Conservation","authors":"Boon Allwin Jayathangaraj MG, P. K., Raman M Serma, Saravana Pandian A","year":2015,"doi":"10.4172/2157-7625.1000165","url":"https://openalex.org/W2597407056","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000165","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Over the past few years, much emphasis has been given to the studies related to conservation, especially, to those that are non-invasive that measure glucocorticoids as bio markers of stress. Glucocorticoids typically increase in response to challenge and are sometimes used to predict mortality. These levels reveal fitness of an individual in terms of survival and reproductive success. The study was carried out to assess the faecal cortisol concentration in order to arrive at the baseline values pertaining to stress factors in wild pigs entering the agricultural fields around the forest regions and in domestic pigs comprising of desi pigs and cross bred pigs. The adjoining areas of Mudumalai wildlife region, Sathyamangalam wildlife region and Anaimalai wildlife region of Tamil Nadu, India were included in this study programme. The mean faecal cortisol concentration in the case of wild pigs that entered these areas were found using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay). The wild pigs are always in conflict with agricultural production and cause unequalled damage. The occurrences of wild pig-human conflicts were also assessed. The findings demonstrated that fecal glucocorticoid assays provide an index of physiological stress in wild pigs and may prove useful in addressing conservation and conflict issues. To know the ecological and functional position of wild pigs in the ecosystem is very important as these animals are habitat generalists, prolific breeders and survive in almost any environment, of late these animals have been involved in a huge conflict with the humans especially pertaining to agricultural holdings. This paper aims at finding the triggering, corresponding and confounding factors that cause these pigs to wander into buffer areas and agricultural fields instead of forest regions causing disruption in the ecological equilibrium and ultimately ending up in conflict more severe than the previous one."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of Endogenous Faecal Cortisol as a Non Invasive Assessment of Stress in Free Ranging Wild Pigs (Sus Scrofa)","authors":"Boon Allwin, M.G. Jayathangaraj, M. Palanivelrajan, M. Raman","year":2015,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2554557039","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The study was carried out to assess the faecal cortisol concentration in wild pigs entering the agricultural fields around the adjoining areas of Mudumalai Tiger reserve (MTR), Sathyamangalam Tiger reserve (STR) and Anamalai tiger reserve (ATR) of Tamil Nadu, India, in order to arrive at the baseline values contributing to the stress factors. Faecal samples collected from wild pigs in each of these areas were subjected to Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for estimation of faecal cortisol level and the mean faecal cortisol concentration of wild pigs were arrived. The occurrences of conflict, lack of food and water availability, temperature, rainfall and prey prevalence played an important role to their stress quotients. Suitable management related measures were recommended. The findings demonstrated that fecal glucocorticoid assays provide an index of physiological stress in wild pigs. These techniques may prove useful in addressing conservation issues and additionally being non invasive."},{"kind":"article","title":"Determination of Endogenous Faecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites to Evaluate Stress Response in Wild Pigs Interfering with Agriculture Adjoining Forest Regions in Correlation with Conflict and Meteorological Factors - A Non Invasive Approach","authors":"Jayathangaraj MG, M. Palanivelrajan","year":2015,"doi":"10.4172/2375-446x.1000127","url":"https://openalex.org/W1934172991","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Poultry Fisheries & Wildlife Sciences","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The study was carried out to assess the faecal cortisol concentration in wild pigs entering the agricultural fields around the forest and in domestic pigs comprising of desi pigs and cross bred pigs, in order to arrive at the baseline values pointing to stress factors. The adjoining areas of Mudumalai wildlife region, Sathyamangalam wildlife region and Anamalai wildlife region of Tamil Nadu, India were included in this study programme. The documentation of the quantifiable meteorological factors in the identified conflict areas was done. The mean faecal cortisol concentration in the case of wild pigs that entered in the agricultural fields adjoining the Mudumalai wildlife region, Sathyamangalam and Anamalai region were found using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay). The mean faecal cortisol concentration of desi pigs as well as cross bred pigs was also documented to be used as primary and secondary control values. The occurrences of conflict were also classified as low, medium and high based on the intensity. Suitable management related measures were recommended pertaining to the findings observed in this study like increased mean faecal cortisol concentration in wild pigs, comparative wild pig- human conflicts pertaining to the variations in the meteorological factors of the areas were studied. The findings demonstrated that fecal glucocorticoid assays provide an index of physiological stress in wild pigs and may prove useful in addressing conservation and conflict issues."},{"kind":"article","title":"Prevalence of helminthic fauna in wild pigs in comparison with domestic pigs: A study in the adjoining areas of Mudumalai, Anamalai and Sathyamangalam tiger reserves, Tamil Nadu South India","authors":"Boon Allwin, M.G. Jayathangaraj, M. Palanivelrajan, S. Gomathinayagam, M. Raman, S.T. Bino Sundar","year":2015,"doi":"10.5897/jpvb2015.0186","url":"https://openalex.org/W2115673040","oa_url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/JPVB/article-full-text-pdf/CEC28E951688","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Stored Products and Postharvest Research","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Study on endoparasites in wild pigs (Sus scrofa) interfering with agriculture, was carried out in areas adjoining the Western Ghats (Mudumalai tiger reserve, Anamalai tiger reserve) and Eastern Ghats (Sathyamangalam region) of Tamil Nadu state in India during November, 2013 to May, 2014. Ninety faecal samples in total (n=30 of Wild pigs, n=30 of Desi pigs and n=30 Cross bred pigs each of the study areas) were subjected to the parasitological examination using standard methods in wild pigs as well as in domestic pigs. Domestic pigs were involved to find the difference in the prevalence level between wild pigs and domestic pigs as there is a wide variation in their habitat. Prevalence of endoparasitic infections revealed the evidences of Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Strongyles, Strongyloides sp. and mixed parasitic infections comprising of Ascaris sp. with Trichuris sp., in addition to Strongyles with Strongyloides sp. The overall positivity of internal parasitic prevalence in wild pigs, desi pigs and cross bred pigs pertaining to Mudumalai, Anamalai and Sathyamangalam were documented, and differences among their prevalence data indicated an over-dispersed helminth distribution. These results indicate that populations of wild pigs although living under optimal conditions, are heavily affected by a burden of parasitic disease and some parasites are likely to limit population growth via a high mortality of piglets and infections throughout the lifespan of adults.\r\n\r\n\tKey words: Wild pigs, domestic pig, endoparasites, prevalence."},{"kind":"article","title":"Use of shade trees for Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Nilgiris, Tamilnadu, Southern India","authors":"B. Ramakrishnan; M. Ilakkia; K. Ramkumar","year":2014,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.007.003.008","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.007.003.008","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"The Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Soliga Tribe on Eradication of Lantana camara and their Livelihood","authors":"C. Madegowda, C.U. Rao","year":2014,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18199306","url":"https://openalex.org/W7120087393","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18199306","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) The Lantana camara weed is wildly spreading in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary and it has made a negative impact on animals and plant species, because these animals are facing food insecurity. The Soliga tribals livelihood depends on the forest for Non–timber forest products and the daily consumption of items like tubers, leaves, fruits, mushrooms etc. lantana weed can be controlled through removing the lantana weed in the same places of the forest for a minimum of five years and they observed that native species are growing back where the lantana was removed. It helps both, the biodiversity conservation as well as the livelihood of the Soligas. The Lantana camara can be removed under the scheme of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act."},{"kind":"article","title":"ANTI-HYPER LIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SMILAX WIGHTII A.DC. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS","authors":"Uma Maheswari P, Karupannan Arumugasamy, A Shalimol, S. Asha Devi, Nantha Kumar R","year":2014,"doi":"10.26524/krj53","url":"https://openalex.org/W3002457094","oa_url":"https://krjournal.com/index.php/krj/article/download/62/377","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Kongunadu Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Smilax wightii, an endemic medicinal plant is found in the shola forests at high altitudes in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, Southern India . The present study, was undertaken to find out the effect of methanolic extract of this plant on the body weight, fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles inall the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats. The extract exerted a significant (P&lt;0.05) effect in the body weight of the experimental animals when compared to the control group. Treatment with the extract and glibenclamide resulted in a significant (P&lt;0.01) reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic ratswhen compared to the normal. The lipid profile such as TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL contents in the serum registered a significant (P&lt;0.01) hike and a decline in the HDL contents in diabetic control group, which were retrieved to near normalcy in the plant extract treated groups. The effect produced by this plant extract wascomparable with that of glibenclamide. The decreased fasting blood glucose levels and lipid lowering properties clearly showed the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of S.wightii."},{"kind":"article","title":"Molecular identification of nymphalidae Butterflies in Mukurthi National Park, India","authors":"Chithravel Vadivalagan, C. Gunasekaran, Pushparaj Karthika, Periyakali Saravana Bhavan","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2596765368","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"European journal of zoological research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Six species of Nymphalidae butterflies in habiting in Mukurthi National Park (The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India) were identified through DNA barcoding based on 650bp sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene. The sequences of these native species were compared with data bases available for these six species in India and other countries to improve the understanding of inter and intra species divergence. Neighbour-Joining cluster analysis with one out group, Pachilopta hector, and three different haplotypes revealed pair-wise distance comparison with the nearest neighboring species in BOLD database showed overall nucleotide divergent between 0.01-0.19%. The mean inter and intra specific nucleotide divergence of these six species was calculated to be 0.00827. As per the 10X rule, the threshold value was 0.08%. Therefore, no deep intra species nucleotide divergence was observed and no significant barcoding gap existed between the selected species. In this study, the native species in each haplotype was found to be very close relative to non-native species. The overlapping of the DNA sequences occurs due to less variation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Climate Change and Its Effects on Terrestrial Insect Diversity in Mukuruthi National Park, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"M. Elanchezhian, C. Gunasekaran, A. Agnes Deepa, M. Salahudeen","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2600289925","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Bioengineering and Life Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecology, impact and traditional knowledge of resin harvest on the wild dammer tree-Canarium strictum Roxb. in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Anita Varghese","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2526956722","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10125/100356","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Harvest of plant products from the wild are an important source of livelihood to millions of people who live near forests. The impact of harvesting occurs at many levels to the ecology of the species. Harvesters are guided by their traditional ecological knowledge that also aids in reducing the impact of the harvest. I use the case study of Canarium strictum Roxb, (Burseraceae) a semi-evergreen tree harvested for resin by several indigenous communities in the Indian subcontinent. Resin is used locally for rituals and healing purposes and traded widely for industrial uses. I investigated the effects of resin harvesting on the ecology and phenology of the species on 89 trees in three regions of the Nilgiri Biopshere Reserve, Western Ghats, for two years. Seed germination experiments with seeds from harvested and not harvested trees were also undertaken. Through focus group discussions with harvesters, and using a fuzzy logic approach I documented their perceptions on the ecology of resin harvest and trees. I found that harvesting practices, size of the tree along with the characteristic of the tree flush colour were significant predictors of resin harvest. My results show that harvesting of resin has no negative effect on the growth rate, and fruit production. However harvested trees flowered at different times from not harvested trees and showed increased fruit production and seed germination rates. I found that resin harvesting was a prevalent practice among the indigenous people of the region and many of the factors perceived by the harvesters to influence resin quality and status of resin tree numbers in the forest coincided with factors observed in the ecological studies. Overall my results suggest that harvesting of resin has relatively low impact on the ecology of C. strictum and harvesters of resin make decisions on resin harvest based on a number of ecological factors. My results illustrate some of the detailed knowledge that harvesters have with regard to a lesser studied species like C. strictum, and community based monitoring programs that build on this knowledge can ensure strategies that allow for sustainable use while meeting the goals of conservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Geospatial assessment and monitoring of historical forest cover changes (1920–2012) in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"K. V. Satish, K. R. L. Saranya, C. Sudhakar Reddy, P. Hari Krishna, C. S. Jha, P.V.V. Prasada Rao","year":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s10661-014-3991-3","url":"https://openalex.org/W1990409647","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","citations":45,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Litter production, decomposition and nutrient mineralization dynamics of Ochlandra setigera: A rare bamboo species of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Kuruvilla Thomas, C. M. Jijeesh, K. K. Seethalakshmi","year":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s11676-014-0497-3","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-014-0497-3","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Forestry Research","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Rhynchospora panduranganii (Cyperaceae), a new sedge species from the Western Ghats of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"A. R. Viji, T. Shaju, M. P. Geethakumary","year":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s12225-014-9519-8","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-014-9519-8","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Kew Bulletin","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Field Study on Construction Workers Stress in Erode District","authors":"K. Rajkumar, S. Ananda Kumar, V. Krishnamoorthy","year":2014,"doi":"10.51976/ijari.231405","url":"https://doi.org/10.51976/ijari.231405","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Treatment of Textile Effluent by Natural Coagulants in Erode District","authors":"N. Muralimohan, T. Palanisamy","year":2014,"doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2014.16201","url":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.16201","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","citations":9,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"INVASIVE ALIEN WEEDS AND THEIR ETHNO-BOTANICAL IMPORTANCE OF VIJAYAMANGALAM VILLAGE, ERODE DISTRICT","authors":"Uma G, Jagathes Kumar S, Balasubramaniam V","year":2014,"doi":"10.26524/krj52","url":"https://doi.org/10.26524/krj52","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Kongunadu Research Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Awareness Level of Canara Bank Consumers: A Study in Erode District","authors":"K. Kannusamy","year":2014,"doi":"10.5958/2229-4503.2014.00003.4","url":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2229-4503.2014.00003.4","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Al-Barkaat Journal of Finance &amp; Management","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Hegel's Conscience, by Dean Moyar.","authors":"A. Speight","year":2014,"doi":"10.1093/mind/fzu099","url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzu099","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Mind","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Foraging Relationships Between Elephants and Lantana camara Invasion in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Gaius Wilson, Monica A. M. Gruber, Philip J. Lester","year":2014,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18198682","url":"https://openalex.org/W7119886707","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18198682","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Lantana camara is a widespread exotic invasive species in India, capable of dominating and displacing native forage species. We investigated whether L. camara was associated with variation in elephant foraging behavior in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India. The behavioral responses of elephants to L. camara were assessed from feeding and stepping rates. Elephants were never observed to feed on L. camara, but rather fed on grass and browse present within and around L. camara patches. A multiple regression analysis showed that feeding rates were negatively associated with L. camara invasion (F1, 55 = 4.26, R2 = 0.07), but not stepping rates. Instead, grass cover and browse density were associated with stepping rates (F2, 55 = 11.16, R2 = 0.30). Path analysis indicated that the total effect of L. camara on feeding rates was 11 percent (b = À0.24) less than the direct negative association (b = À0.27) owing to a positive indirect association of L. camara with feeding rates through grass cover and browse density (b = 0.03), while stepping rates were negatively associated with grass cover (b = À0.39) and positively associated with browse density (b = 0.38). Our results indicate that L. camara appears capable of modifying feeding rates of elephants, likely through a loss of grass areas due to L. camara invasion. Experimental work is needed to test for causal relationships among the variables we measured, to enhance our understanding of how invasive weeds modify elephant behavior."},{"kind":"article","title":"On a Dhole Trail: Examining Ecological and Anthropogenic Correlates of Dhole Habitat Occupancy in the Western Ghats of India","authors":"Arjun Srivathsa, Krithi K. Karanth, Devcharan Jathanna, N. Samba Kumar, K. Ullas Karanth","year":2014,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0098803","url":"https://openalex.org/W1971380390","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098803&type=printable","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"PLoS ONE","citations":73,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Although they play a critical role in shaping ecological communities, many threatened predator species are data-deficient. The Dhole Cuon alpinus is one such rare canid with a global population thought to be <2500 wild individuals. We assessed habitat occupancy patterns of dholes in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India, to understand ecological and anthropogenic determinants of their distribution and habitat-use. We conducted spatially replicated detection/non-detection surveys of dhole signs along forest trails at two appropriate scales: the entire landscape and a single wildlife reserve. Landscape-scale habitat occupancy was assessed across 38,728 km(2) surveying 206 grid cells of 188-km(2) each. Finer scale habitat-use within 935 km2 Bandipur Reserve was studied surveying 92 grid cells of 13-km(2) km each. We analyzed the resulting data of dhole signs using likelihood-based habitat occupancy models. The models explicitly addressed the problematic issue of imperfect detection of dhole signs during field surveys as well as potential spatial auto-correlation between sign detections made on adjacent trail segments. We show that traditional 'presence versus absence' analyses underestimated dhole habitat occupancy by 60% or 8682 km2 [naïve = 0.27; ψL(SE) = 0.68 (0.08)] in the landscape. Addressing imperfect sign detections by estimating detection probabilities [p(t)(L) (SE) = 0.12 (0.11)] was critical for reliable estimation. Similar underestimation occurred while estimating habitat-use probability at reserve-scale [naïve = 0.39; Ψs(SE) = 0.71 (0.06)]. At landscape scale, relative abundance of principal ungulate prey primarily influenced dhole habitat occupancy. Habitat-use within a reserve, however, was predominantly and negatively influenced by anthropogenic disturbance. Our results are the first rigorous assessment of dhole occupancy at multiple spatial scales with potential conservation value. The approach used in this study has potential utility for cost-effectively assessing spatial distribution and habitat-use in other species, landscapes and reserves."},{"kind":"article","title":"The association between invasive <i>Lantana camara</i> and seedlings/saplings of a plant community in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Gaius Wilson, Ajay A. Desai, Dalice Sim, Monica A. M. Gruber, Philip J. Lester","year":2014,"doi":"10.1017/s026646741400039x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2100207255","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","citations":10,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract: We examined changes in a community of seedlings/saplings 10–150 cm tall associated with the presence of a widely invasive plant, Lantana camara and environmental covariates along 67 randomly located transects, in Mudumalai, India. We compared plant species assemblage and grass cover in L. camara- invaded and uninvaded plots in three habitats. Multivariate analyses revealed a significant association of all environmental covariates with plant species assemblage. Pairwise tests indicated that L. camara was significantly associated with changes in plant species assemblage and grass cover within the moist and dry deciduous forest, but not in the thorn forest. The relationship between L. camara and that of elephant browse plants varied with species. A linear regression analysis indicated that L. camara invasion was the only significant predictor of grass occupancy. Our results indicate that in addition to other factors, L. camara was associated with altering plant species assemblage, some elephant browse plants and grass cover in the moist and dry deciduous forest. It appears that L. camara can have a major effect on diversity within this reserve, but whether this effect is by L. camara driving the change or being associated with other habitat change requires further experimental evidence."},{"kind":"article","title":"Foraging Relationships Between Elephants and <i>Lantana camara</i> Invasion in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Gaius Wilson, Monica A. M. Gruber, Philip J. Lester","year":2014,"doi":"10.1111/btp.12094","url":"https://openalex.org/W2152221872","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Biotropica","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Lantana camara is a widespread exotic invasive species in India, capable of dominating and displacing native forage species. We investigated whether L. camara was associated with variation in elephant foraging behavior in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India. The behavioral responses of elephants to L. camara were assessed from feeding and stepping rates. Elephants were never observed to feed on L. camara, but rather fed on grass and browse present within and around L. camara patches. A multiple regression analysis showed that feeding rates were negatively associated with L. camara invasion ( F 1, 55 = 4.26, R 2 = 0.07), but not stepping rates. Instead, grass cover and browse density were associated with stepping rates ( F 2, 55 = 11.16, R 2 = 0.30). Path analysis indicated that the total effect of L. camara on feeding rates was 11 percent ( β = −0.24) less than the direct negative association ( β = −0.27) owing to a positive indirect association of L. camara with feeding rates through grass cover and browse density ( β = 0.03), while stepping rates were negatively associated with grass cover ( β = −0.39) and positively associated with browse density ( β = 0.38). Our results indicate that L. camara appears capable of modifying feeding rates of elephants, likely through a loss of grass areas due to L. camara invasion. Experimental work is needed to test for causal relationships among the variables we measured, to enhance our understanding of how invasive weeds modify elephant behavior."},{"kind":"article","title":"Objectification and Social Aesthetics: Memoranda and the Celebration of “Badaga Day”","authors":"Frank Heidemann","year":2014,"doi":"10.18874/ae.73.1-2.06","url":"https://openalex.org/W2526119105","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18874/ae.73.1-2.06","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Ethnology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Memoranda and the Celebration of \"Badaga Day\"On 15 May 1989, the Badaga, the dominant peasant community in the Nilgiri Hills, organized a huge rally and handed over a memorandum to the government.On the basis of their culture they demanded tribal status, a guaranteed price for their agricultural products, and other privileges.I shall argue that the medium of a memorandum with its textual and material form requires and fosters the process of cultural objectification.\"Culture\" is turned into an object and becomes a form of currency in the political process.Later, 15 May was named \"Badaga Day,\" an annual context for self-representation.Performative acts like hoisting the Badaga flag, singing the Badaga hymn, and worshipping the bust of H. B. Ari Gowder contribute to an overall social aesthetics.Sounds, colors, proximity, and other \"culturally patterned sensory experience[s]\" (MacDougall 2006, 98) contribute to the feeling of \"oneness\" and underline the demand for cultural autonomy."},{"kind":"article","title":"Morphotaxonomy of three rare Terricolous taxa of Jungermanniales occurring in Nilgiri hills (Western Ghats) India","authors":"Afroz Alam","year":2014,"doi":"10.3126/ije.v3i2.10640","url":"https://openalex.org/W2094976357","oa_url":"https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/IJE/article/download/10640/8616","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Environment","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Nilgiri hills being a part of biodiversity hot spot, is a home of colossal life forms including bryophytes. Bryophytes have a great diversity in Nilgiri hills which includes both terricolous and corticolous forms. This study deals with morphotaxonomy of three extremely infrequent terricolous taxa of order Jungermanniales, viz., Gottschelia schizopleura (Spruce) Grolle, Lethocolea javanica (Schiffn.) Grolle and Jackiella javanica var. cordifolia Schiffn, occurring in Nilgiri hills. These taxa were located to a few restricted pockets and facing high risk of habitat loss which need urgent/immediate conservation management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10640 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 263-275"},{"kind":"article","title":"CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA (SW.) D.C (MOSQUITO BEAN)","authors":"Kathirvel P, P. Kumudha","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2183258931","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":12,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"ABSTRACT: Four accessions of the under-exploited legume, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) D.C (mosquito bean) collected as pod from natural stands of four different agro-climatic regions of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India were analyzed for their proximate composition, seed protein fractions, amino acid profiles of total seed proteins, fatty acid profiles, mineral composition, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) and certain anti-nutritional factors, to determine their potential as an alternative source to alleviate protein-energy-malnutrition among the people of Tamil Nadu. The crude protein ranged from 26.69- 29.84%, crude lipid 11.89-13.75%, total crude fibre 8.78- 9.89%, ash 3.99- 4.95 % and carbohydrates 42.45- 46.37%. The energy level of the seed (1684.94- 1725.62 kJ100g-1 DM) was comparable with commonly consumed Indian pulses. The albumins and glutelins constitute the major bulk of seed proteins. The essential amino acid profile of total seed proteins compared favorably with FAO/WHO (1991) requirement pattern, except that there were deficiencies of sulphur containing amino acids in all the four accessions. The fatty acid profiles revealed that the seed lipids contained higher concentrations of oleic and linoleic acid. The investigated seeds were rich in minerals such as K, Ca, Mg and P. The IVPD of the four accessions ranged from 50.65- 63.18%. The range of anti-nutritional factors were as follows: total free phenolics, 4.93- 8.58%, tannins, 6.81- 9.15%, L-DOPA, 2.21- 4.52%, phytic acid, 0.33- 0.89 g100g-1, and trypsin inhibitor activity, 40.4- 48.2 TIU mg-1 protein. Lower levels of phytohaemagglutinating activity for human erythrocytes of “O ” blood group than for “A ” and “B” blood groups were found. The anti-nutritional fatty acid, behenic acid (0.47- 1.37%) was also detected."},{"kind":"article","title":"A STUDYON EMPLOYMENT OF MGNREGA WORKERS IN ERODE DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU","authors":"N. Mani, Nandini Krishnan","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2184348948","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present paper focuses on employment of MGNREGA workers in Erode district of Tamil Nadu. The Ministry of Rural Development is one of theimportant ministries in India involved in development of rural areas of the country. The mission and vision of ministry exhibits a sustainable and inclusive growth of rural India. The ministry is striving hard to increase livelihood opportunities and improved quality of life of rural poor people. Furthermore, eradicating poverty is asignificant endeavor of the ministry. Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) is the flagship programme of the Government that directly touches lives of the poor and promotes inclusive growth. Objec tives of the study: 1. to study the MGNREGA workers in erode district of Tamil Nadu. 2. To offer suggestion and improvement ofMGNREGP.This study used mainly secondary data. The sources of the data are published and unpublished sources like books, journals, magazines, publications, reports, etc. The study found thatthe Mahatma Gandhi NREGA at a Glance. The average wage rate per day per person was 129.3 in FY 2013 -2014 and 121.4 and 114.5 was registered in FY 2012-13 and 2011-12. From the analysis, it is found that the total no. of block and total no. of panchayat has 231. The total no. of registered workers is 224746 in Erode district and the total no. of registered workers is 13240094 in Tamil Nadu. Hence it can be concluded from the study the Minimum no. of workers recorded in the block of Bhavanisagar(Mudukkanthurai panchyat) ie. 117 and Maximum no. of workers signed in the block of Bhavani (Kavandapadi panchyat) ie. 4577. There is also the important role of the Govt. in implementation of MGNREGS. Thus the Govt. must take immediate steps to stop corruption in its implementation by which the MGNREGA wages reaches to the workers directly. We can surely ensure that the money goes to those who need it."},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance of Early Post-Emergence Herbicide in Irrigated Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in Red Sandy Loam Soils of Tamil Nadu","authors":"C. Babu, K. Siddeswaran, C. Chinnusamy, R. Sathya Priya","year":2014,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.001150","url":"https://openalex.org/W2545787543","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/101-1-3-44-46.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field investigation was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar during kharif 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the early post emergence application of new formulation of imazethapyr (10% SL) on weed control in groundnut. Based on two years of field experimentation, it was found that early post emergence application of imazethapyr (10% SL) at 200 g ha-1 gave significantly lower total weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency at all the stages. However, imazethapyr at 200 g ha-1 and 150 g ha-1 had slight phytotoxicity on groundnut upto 15 DAS. Application of new formulation of imazethapyr (10% SL) at 100 g ha-1 as early post emergence herbicide kept the weed density and dry weight below the economic threshold level and increased the pod yield (1602 and 1900 kg ha-1). This treatment was found to be on par with the application of 150 g ha-1 (1580 and 1854kg ha-1) in groundnut."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of irrigation scheduling on water use efficiency, nutrient availability and uptake of nutrients by aggregatum onion (<i>Allium cepa</i>var. aggregatum)","authors":"S. Thenmozhi, V. K. Duraisamy","year":2014,"doi":"10.5958/0976-0547.2014.01014.3","url":"https://openalex.org/W2019562900","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. The treatment structure comprised of five irrigation regimes with six levels of boron. The trials were laid out in split plot design and replicated thrice. The water use efficiency of treatments indicated that the highest water use efficiency was noted with 1.20 IW/CPE ratio (19.60 kg/ha.mm) and the lowest was noted with 1.80 IW/CPE ratio (16.86 kg/ha.mm). With regard to nutrient availability the irrigation regimes failed to exert their influence on phosphorus and potassium, while the nitrogen and boron availability was significantly influenced. Among the irrigation regimes, irrigating the crop at 1.80 IW/CPE ratio registered the highest nutrient availability. With regard to boron levels, the NPK availability was slightly increased by the addition of varied levels of boron and the values were higher than control plots. Irrigation levels and increasing levels of boron significantly influenced the nutrient content and uptake which could be ascribed to the increased yield."},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance of Pre-emergence Herbicide on Weeds and Plant Growth Attributes of Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)","authors":"T. Pradeesh Kumar, C. R. Chinnamuthu","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2269490623","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Trends in Biosciences/Trends in biosciences","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field investigation was carried out during rabi and kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013 at Bhavanisagar and Wetland, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore respectively tofind out the performance of pre-emergence herbicide on weeds and plant growth attributes of black gramvariety (CO 6)under irrigated situation. Result showed that application of pendimethalin at 1 kg a.i. ha−1 lowest weed density, weed dry weight and highest weed control efficiency which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The results revealed that the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 1 kg a.i. ha−1 influenced the growth characters of blackgram."},{"kind":"article","title":"Baseline toxicity of chloronicotinyls against cotton leafhopper,<i>Amrasca biguttula biguttula,</i>and detection of insecticide resistance","authors":"G. Preetha, J. Stanley, T. Manoharan, S. Kuttalam","year":2014,"doi":"10.1080/03235408.2013.869404","url":"https://openalex.org/W2074909150","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The populations of cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula were collected from two different locations, viz. Coimbatore and Salem, and the identified susceptible Salem population was cultured continuously for four generations without exposure to insecticides and the baseline toxicity data were established by leaf dip bioassay method (IRAC method No. 8). The tentative discriminating doses fixed, based on the susceptible A. biguttula biguttula population, were 1.10, 0.10, 0.02 and 1.0 ppm for imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid, respectively. Insecticide resistance was then monitored using the above doses against leafhoppers collected from Coimbatore, Bhavanisagar, Salem and Srivilliputhur. The level of resistance in A. biguttula biguttula, as revealed by per cent survival, varied from 6.67 (Salem) to 15.38 (Srivilliiputhur) for imidacloprid; 3.33 (Salem) to 15.09 (Srivilliputhur) for thiamethoxam; 5.00 (Bhavanisagar) to 20.00 (Srivilliputhur) for acetamiprid; and 5.00 (Bhavanisagar) to 9.09 (Srivilliputhur) for thiacloprid."},{"kind":"article","title":"Resolution of Lipid Content from Algal Growth in Carbon Sequestration Studies","authors":"Indhumathi Ponnuswamy, S. Madhavan, Syed Shabudeen, U. S. Shoba","year":2014,"doi":"10.14257/ijast.2014.67.03","url":"https://openalex.org/W2109806861","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.14257/ijast.2014.67.03","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Green microalgae species was collected from Bhavani Lake of Erode in Erode District, Tamilnadu State, India. The Morphological studies were examined by utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Microscope studies, Scanning Electron Microscopic studies and isolated and identified by PCR studies and by these studies that the collected specimen is to be Chlorella sp. In this study to check growth behavior and tolerance of fresh water green algae chlorella sp, under different pH,Temperature ,different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate salt, carbon dioxide gas and under different levels of sodium chloride salt.. From the study it is clear that optimum levels of proper carbon source and salinity is very much essential for growing Chorella sp., as they influences its growth rate, biomass and lipid productivity. The experiment aims to analyze the biomass productivity and total lipid content of the microalgae strain under various growth conditions. All the cultures were grown for a period of 10 days. For the growth study reveals that, pH range 4-7, Temperature 26-40, sodium bicarbonate salt concentrations 50-60 mg/l, sodium chloride concentration 0.02, maximum growth rate was observed, when CO2 gas was supplied at 40% concentration, maximum growth and maximum lipid yield of 15 in %dry cell weight were recorded. A highest total lipid content of 20 % was obtained."},{"kind":"article","title":"IMPACT OF LINED/UNLINED CANAL ON GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN THE LOWER BHAVANI BASIN","authors":"K. Mirudhula","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3094373900","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT: Bhavani basin is the fourth largest Sub Basin in the Cauvery basin. The entire command area of all three major canals that takes off from the Bhavani river falls within the Erode District i.e. Lower Bhavani Project (LBP), Kodiveri and Kalingarayan canals. The LBP canal is a major source of irrigation in Erode District. Many of these canals are unlined and leakage takes place from them. Thus the seepage from the canal helps in recharging the wells in the area, enabling to get adequate water supply for the crops when water was not released from Bhavanisagar Dam. In this study, the Groundwater recharge is determined by groundwater flow modeling using Visual MODFLOW model. For this purpose, three major natural sources of groundwater recharge are taken into consideration such as rainfall infiltration, canal seepage and return flow of irrigation. The model was run and ZONEBUDGET gives an idea about the amount of recharge from lined/unlined canal to the field. Unlined canal helps to recharge the groundwater about 20 % more than the lined canal. The analysis reveals that the annual rainfall also has rapidly changed in this region. In the LBP canal Head reach meets their requirement with available quantity of water from the canal system. Tail end reach does not receive the required quantity of water because of seepage loss and conveyance loss. Hence the lined canal can be provided for full length of the main canal. Branch canals and minor distributaries are suggested to maintain the canals with unlined canal system."},{"kind":"article","title":"Spatio-temporal Variation in Radon Concentration in Groundwater with Respect to Rock Types: A Case Study from Chitradurga District, Karnataka","authors":"P. Ravikumar, Deljo Davis, Sharika Mathew, R. Somashekar, K. L. Prakash","year":2014,"doi":"10.1007/s12594-014-0027-0","url":"https://openalex.org/W2010158905","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","citations":21,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract: An attempt was made in the present study to delineate how the radon concentrations vary with respect to different geological formations and to evaluate annual effective dose exposure due to ingestion of radon. A total of 60 groundwater samples were collected from layered sequential aquifers in Chitradurga district having major rock types such as Bababudan Group, Charnockite, Chitradurga Group, Closepet granite, migmatites and granodiorite – tonalitic gneisses and Sargur Schist complex during pre-monsoon and post-season of the year 2011. Radon measurement was made using Durridge RAD-7 radon-in-air monitor, connected to RAD H2O accessory with closed loop aeration concept. In the present study, the radon activity ranged from 0 to 186.6 Bq/L and 0 to 150.6 Bq/L during pre- and post-monsoon seasons of the year 2011, with 56.67 % (17 samples) of samples during both the seasons exceeding the EPA’s MCL value of 11.1 Bq/L. The annual mean radon activity in the groundwater was higher in the area having Chitradurga rock group formations (78.1 Bq/L) followed by Sargur-Satyamangalam schist complex group (56.8 bq/L), migmatites and granodiorite – tonalitic Gneisses group (56.3 Bq/L), Closepet granite (42.7 Bq/L), Charnonkite (29.1 Bq/L) and Bababudan Group (22.2 Bq/L). It is inferred that radon concentration found to depend on the tectonic structure, geology of the area and on the presence of uranium minerals in these rocks. The annual effective dose resulting from radon in groundwater in the Chitradurga district were significantly lower than UNSCEAR and WHO recommended limit of 1 mSv/y."},{"kind":"article","title":"MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION AND FACTORIAL OPTIMIZATION OF MICROBIAL ISOLATES FOR POLYOL PRODUCTION","authors":"Balakrishnaraja Rengaraju, Ramalingam Ponnuswamy, Selvapriya Kumarasamy","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2188797225","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Xylitol is a pentitol, a natural sweetener, found its application in food/ pharmaceutical industries, exploited especially for its anti-cariogenic properties. Xylitol is a valuable product with rising demands in market, it becomes significant to study and optimize the production with more of economic justification. In this work, xylitol obtained by biotechnological methods was based on fermentation by yeast isolated from sugarcane extracts collected from the Sathyamangalam, Tamilnadu, India. Yeast isolates were identified using conventional microbiological approach, modern metagenomic analysis and the gene sequence was deposited in NCBI repository. The growth of Candida parapsilosis strain BKR1 (NCBI accession no.:KC462059) andits xylitol production capability were assessed. The single factorial optimization revealed that pH, Temperature and initial substrate concentration was 4, 30oC and 0.1 g/ml respectively."},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance and comparative study of a passive solar still in a forest area between summer and winter conditions in south India","authors":"Srenyvasan V. Ramesh, M. Sakthivel","year":2014,"doi":"10.15866/ireme.v8i3.481","url":"https://openalex.org/W1172775433","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In this paper, an attempt has been made to unearth the performance of a passive solar still (Double slope) in winter conditions, and summer conditions and comparative study also done in sathyamangalam. This area is forest area and at the same time it is a mountain area also.  The study started from the month of February2013 and went up to June 2013 subsequently it took place between August2012 and January 2013. In this experiment a double slope solar still was used. The area of the still is 0.5 m2. The objective of this paper is to observe the behavioural variation of the still in two different climatic conditions and providing these stills for irrigation. The performance of the still has to be find out for different climatic conditions and using this type of still for irrigation in this particular area. This type of irrigation will be benefited for this area"},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Consumer Buying Behaviour towards Nokia Mobile in Erode District","authors":"M. Velumani","year":2014,"doi":"10.9790/487x-161225254","url":"https://openalex.org/W2326593047","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-161225254","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"IOSR Journal of Business and Management","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"In Present Marketing Scenario, the Study of Consumer Behavior has become essential. Consumers are the kings of markets. Without consumers no business organization can run. All the activities of the business concerns end with consumers and consumer satisfaction. Customer behavior study is based on consumer buying behavior, with the customer playing the three distinct roles of user, payer and buyer. Consumer buying behavior has become an integral part of strategic market planning. In order to develop a framework for the study consumer behavior it is helpful to begin by considering the evolution of the field of consumer research and the different paradigms of thought that have influenced the discipline. As described in this article, a set of dimensions can be identified in the literature, which can be used to characterize and differentiate the various perspectives on consumer research. It is argued that consumer behavior itself emerged as a distinct field of study during the 1960s; and is characterized by two broad paradigms, the positivist and the non-positivist. The positivist paradigm, which is still the dominant paradigm, emphasizes the supremacy of human reason and that there is a single, objective truth that can be discovered by science. The opposing, non-positivist paradigm, envelops the interpretive and postmodern perspectives, which have emerged more recently during the period post-1980 to date. The rational view and the ideology of a homogenous social culture and thereby deny the complex social and cultural world in which consumers live. The objective of non-positivist research endeavor is to achieve a better understanding of consumer behavior with no specific intent to influence consumer processes. This article aims to identify different streams of thought that could guide future consumer research."},{"kind":"article","title":"Study on medicinal plant Teminalia chebula collected from Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuary","authors":"Tariq Ahmad Lone, Ahmad Naeem Lone","year":2014,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2181418418","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Characterization of the Volatile Aroma Compounds from the Concrete and Jasmine Flowers Grown in India","authors":"Hena Ray, Sabyasachi Majumdar, Suparna Biswas, Amritasu Das, Tarun Kanti Ghosh, Arunangshu Ghosh","year":2014,"doi":"10.3303/cet1440045","url":"https://openalex.org/W2584767952","oa_url":"https://www.cetjournal.it/index.php/cet/article/view/CET1440045","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":17,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Jasmine is one of the important commercial traditional flower crops of India. It plays an important role in religious offerings, social and cultural activities of India. It is also used for the production of essential oils in the form of ‘concrete’ and ‘absolute’ which are used in cosmetics and perfumery industries. Fully open flowers contain maximum fragrance and needs to be collected for concrete extraction. India earns crores of foreign currency every year through export. Being an export commodity, ideal blossoming time and quality testing of jasmine flowers are extremely crucial matters in exportation of flowers and concrete. The quality evaluation is human dependent and their sensory organs may give different results at different points of time, as well as the result may vary from the one evaluator to another since no two person can perceive a thing identically. The results may also vary based on the physiological climatic and many other allied conditions. In a nutshell, the evaluation methodology is highly subjective and lacks the precision of an automated machine. Hence, there is a need for an automated, portable, low-power, easy-to use and reliable machine, which can evaluate quality objectively and repetitively, so that it can assist the Floriculture Industry, research laboratories and flower exporters for final evaluation of jasmine flower and its concrete quality. A handheld Electronic Nose system has been developed which can be used to monitor the volatile emission pattern of jasmine flower and concrete on the basis of sensor outputs. This paper presents a study where, first, the selection of appropriate sensors was carried out based on sensitivity with the major aroma-producing chemicals of jasmine flower and concrete. Then, this sensor array was exposed to flowers at its different stage of maturity that were collected from the farmer’s field at Sathyamangalam, Erode district, Tamil Nadu in India and to concrete of different species. The experimentation was conducted on the three species of Jasmine namely, Jasminum sambac, Jasminum auriculatum and Jasminum grandiflorum at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore. The computational model has been developed based on statistical correlation methods to correlate the measurements with the human expert’s views. With unknown jasmine samples and concrete of different species of jasmine flowers, encouraging results have been obtained with more than 90% classification rate."},{"kind":"article","title":"Food Habits of Indian Grey Hornbill &lt;I&gt;Ocyceros birostris&lt;/I&gt; in Sathyamangalam forest Division, Eastern Ghats, India","authors":"E. Santhoshkumar, P. Balasubramanian","year":2014,"doi":"10.17087/jbnhs/2014/v111i2/71745","url":"https://openalex.org/W2293927250","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17087/jbnhs/2014/v111i2/71745","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (JBNHS)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The foraging ecology of Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris was studied in Sathyamangalam Forest Division, Eastern Ghats, from 2006 to 2008. Its diet in the breeding season was assessed by 720 hours of direct observations of food deliveries to 10 different nest inmates and by nest midden analysis. Observations at nest holes revealed that males visited nests an average of 16 times per day, and the food items delivered to the nest inmates (female and chicks) included both plant (63.7%) and animal matter (36.3%). Fleshy fruits of 14 species were delivered, and the animal matter was mainly insects (99%). Seeds collected from the nest middens on analysis showed the presence of 26 fruit species of 16 plant families. Food habits of this hornbill during the non-breeding season were assessed by walking along transects and observing foraging activities. Of the 3,086 feeding observations obtained, 83% were on fruits and the rest were on leaves (8.8%), insects (7.7%), and flowers (0.5%). Of the 38 fruit species eaten, Ficus spp. constituted 25.3% of the non-breeding season fruit diet. In all, fruits of 41 species of 21 families were recorded in the diet. The study revealed that both fig and non-fig species are important for the survival of the Indian Grey Hornbill in the Eastern Ghats."},{"kind":"article","title":"A study on life style of soliga tribes at Biligiri rangaswamy temple wildlife sanctuary a social work perspective","authors":"C. Madegowda","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W962346170","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"The Ban of Non-Timber Forest Products collection effect on Soligas migration in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, India","authors":"C. Madegowda, C. Usha Rao","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2185045926","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":9,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The livelihood of tribals depends on forest resources and they have been living in the forest from time immemorial. The major sources of income for the Soligas are from Non -Timber Forest Products, subsistence agriculture, and labour. The Non - Timber Forest Products collection was banned in 2006 under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary and it affected the livelihood of the Soligas as they did not have any alternative employment. 32.5% of the Soligas migrated to different places of Kodagu, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala, as well as to nearby coffee estates and villages for employment. Soliga families migrate from 10 to 300 days in a year which has affected the children's education, culture, health etc. The migration continues due to the influences of outside culture and lack of employment opportunities in their areas. The study will focus on the problems faced after the ban of the NTFPs, places of migration, reasons for migration, number of days of migration, wage rates, size of male and female migrants, types of work, and income produced from the migration."},{"kind":"article","title":"Lianas as a food resource for arboreal mammals of Western Ghats, India","authors":"K. A. Sujana, C. Sivaperuman, N. Anil Kumar","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2774353516","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Lianas are climbing plants that produce true wood and that germinate on the ground but lose their ability to support to ascend to the canopy. Wayanad is a small hilly district in Kerala and constitute a major portion of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The area is rich in faunal diversity and abundance. Almost all the larger mammals of peninsular India are observed in this area. The area has a good population of Elephant, Gaur, Sambar, Spotted Deer and Wild Boar. Other animals such as Bonnet Macaque, Common Langur, Sloth Bear, Tiger, Wild Dog, Panther, Jungle Cat, Malabar Giant Squirrel and Indian Hare are also seen in this region. This book is about the Lianas as food resource for arboreal mammals in the forests of Western Ghats. We hope, this book will be a priceless resource material for field scientists, researchers, students and naturals in the field of taxonomy and ecology."},{"kind":"article","title":"Cyperus papyrus L. (Cyperaceae): a new record for Western Ghats, India","authors":"A.R. Viji, S. Deepu, A.G. Pandurangan","year":2013,"doi":"10.47605/tapro.v6i2.146","url":"https://openalex.org/W4312735587","oa_url":"http://www.taprobanica.org/~file/6_2_10_cyperuspapyrus_vijietal_taprobanica_6_2_137_139-0eba3-3349_1056.pdf?b","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"TAPROBANICA The Journal of Asian Biodiversity","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Cyperus L. (Cyperaceae) contains about 600 species and distributed mainly in the tropics. In India, it is represented by 70 species, of which 48 are found in Kerala State. It is a taxonomically complex genus and the treatment of Cyperus by Kuekenthal in 1935–1936 is considered to be an useful treatment even now. They usually grow in wetland vegetation, mud banks, open areas, etc. While studying the sedge flora of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the authors collected an interesting species of Cyperus, from the Western Ghats in the Wayanad District, Kerala State. On examination, the species was identified as Cyperus papyrus L., a naturalised ornamental in Africa and North America. Scrutiny of the literature revealed that it was not reported from Western Ghats earlier but known from Gujarat and Rajasthan, India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of Level of Human Disturbance in Village-adjacent Natural Forest Plots in the Kerala Part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"U. M. Chandrashekara","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1504536578","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The structure and composition of tree community was analysed in ten forest plots, adjacent to villages, in the Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), and the level of disturbance in each plot was determined. These plots represent secondary forest, generally dominated by evergreen light demanding, late and early successional species and deciduous species such as Xylia xylocarpa, Terminalia paniculata, Macaranga peltata, Aglaia malabarica, Alseodaphne semecarpifolia, Bischofia javanica, Wrightia tinctoria etc. In all the plots, a distorted girth class distribution, with a drastic decline in the number of individuals of girth ranging from 20 cm to 60 cm, was noticed. The litter removal from the forest floor depicted a three-fold adverse effect on species richness; by way of physical removal of tree propagules along with other litter materials, run-off of tree propagules in the absence of litter layer and seedling mortality consequent to soil dryness and desiccation. However, in the forest plots adjacent to villages  Kadasseri and Manikunnmala, the species number increased due to invasion of exotic species from the adjoining landuse systems. In order to assess the level of disturbance in these plots, three forest quality indicators namely Ramakrishnan Index of Stand Quality (RISQ), Index of Ecological Quality (IEQ) and Index of Human disturbance (IHD) were measured. The high value for RISQ (more than 3) is an indicative of the fact that majority of the forest plots are under different stages of succession and need more time for their recovery from the anthropogenic disturbances. A positive correlation between any two forest quality indicators suggested that they are complementary to each other and helpful to accurately assess ecological and human factors responsible for the status of the forest stand and identify site-specific suitable conservation and management strategies."},{"kind":"article","title":"Indigenous brooms used by the aboriginal inhabitants of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India.","authors":"L. Rasingam, S. Jeeva","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2742100945","oa_url":"http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/22484/1/IJNPR%204%283%29%20312-316.pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethnobotany and utilization of plant resources in Irula villages (Sigur plateau, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India)","authors":"M Pradheeps, G. Poyyamoli","year":2013,"doi":"10.5897/jmpr11.1394","url":"https://openalex.org/W2165568543","oa_url":"https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380556165_Pradheeps and Poyyamoli.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","citations":14,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Several scientific studies are in progress using modern scientific tools based on the lead from the folkloric and herbal uses for formulating new western medicine. The present study involves the identification, enumeration and utilization of medicinal flora in the selected tribal settlements and a record of the endangered medicinal plants in the study area. Plant species were identified in selected study sites from Sigur plateau located in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats. The natural forest in the study area consisted of numerous trees, lianas, shrubs and herbs - the treasure troves of medicines. Due to the degradation of medicinal flora habitats in the recent past, there is a gradual decline in their distribution and abundance. As a consequence of the increase in access to western medicine, the utilization of medicinal plants has reduced and hence the knowledge of its use stands to be lost. In this study, 74 plant species belonging to 42 families used by the Irula tribe as medicine and their reported uses from selected tribal villages were documented. Key points from the data exemplify the healing practices and community interest in the conservation of biodiversity and culture for the promotion of sustainable health traditions.\r\n\r\n\t \r\n\r\n\tKey words: Ethnobotany, tribal communities, community based approaches, participatory rural appraisal (PRA), conservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF DISTILLERY INDUSTRY BYPRODUCTS ON NUTRIENT AND ENHANCED YIELD OF CUMBU NAPIER HYBRID GRASS","authors":"P. Latha, P. Thangavel, K. Velayudham, K. Arulmozhiselvan","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2608985853","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"I Control Pollution","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Distillery spentwash is a nutrient rich liquid organic waste obtained from molasses based distillery industries after biomethanation process and it is the carrier of huge amounts of nutrients and organic matter. A field investigation was carried out during 2009 to 2010 at Research and Development Farm of M/S Bannari Amman Sugars Distillery Division Ltd, Ealur, Sathyamangalam, Erode to assess the performance of cumbu napier hybrid grass by utilizing distillery industry byproducts viz., distillery spentwash, biocompost and spentwash ash. Treatments involved are distillery spentwash @ 37.5 and 50 kilo litre per ha at full and split dose, biocompost @ 5.0 tonnes per ha and spentwash ash @ 400 kg per ha with recommended dose of fertilizers and the parameters were assessed at 12th , 26th , 39th and 52nd weeks after planting (1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th harvest). Results of the field experiment revealed that the application of spentwash @ 50 kilo litre per ha at full dose with recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus increased the quality parameters, nutrient parameters and green fodder yield over recommended dose of fertilizers."},{"kind":"article","title":"Occurrence of Indian Painted Bat (Kerivuola picta) in the vicinity of Masinagudi range, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Southern India","authors":", G. Kannan, S.R. Nachiketa Sharma, ","year":2013,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.007.002.010","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.007.002.010","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Activity pattern of Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus (Mammalia: Ursidae) in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Tharmalingam Ramesh, Riddhika Kale, Kalyanasundaram Sankar, Qamar Qureshi","year":2013,"doi":"10.11609/jott.o3071.3989-92","url":"https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.o3071.3989-92","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":10,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Human – Elephant (Elephas maximus) Conflict in Southern India: People’s perception on conflict and elephant conservation in Coimbatore Forest Division","authors":", K. Ramkumar, B. Ramakrishnan, , R. Saravanamuthu, ","year":2013,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.007.002.002","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.007.002.002","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A geo-information system approach for forest fire likelihood based on causative and anti-causative factors","authors":"S. K. Srivastava, Sameer Saran, R.A. de By, V. K. Dadhwal","year":2013,"doi":"10.1080/13658816.2013.797984","url":"https://openalex.org/W2072833926","oa_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/7b38fd75-b3e3-433c-b0ab-47e07cf74c4c","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","citations":21,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Innumerable forest fire spread models exist for taking a decision, but far less focus is on the real causative factors which initiate/ignite fire in an area. It has been observed that the majority of the forest fires in India are initiated due to anthropogenic factors. In this study, we develop a geo-information system approach for management of forest fire in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India, with the objective to develop a forest fire likelihood model, integrating GIS and knowledge-based approach for predicting fire-sensitive initiation areas considering major causative and anti-causative factors. Amongst the various causative factors investigated, it was found that wildlife-dependent factor (antler collection and poaching) contributed significantly to fire occurrence followed by management-dependent factors (uncontrolled tourism and grazing), with much less influence of demographic factors. Similarly, anti-causative factor (stationing of anti-poaching/ fire camps) was considered as quite significant.The likelihood model so developed, envisaging various factors and flammability, accounted for different scenarios as a result of pair-wise comparison on an ordinal scale in a knowledge matrix. The inferential statistics computed indicated the robustness of the model and its insensitivity to moderate changes. It makes it possible for this forest fire likelihood model to predict and prevent a forest fire in an effective and scientific manner because it can assume forest fire likelihood in real time and present in proper time."},{"kind":"article","title":"The influence of the invasive weed Lantana camara on elephant habitat use in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India","authors":"Gaius Wilson, Ajay A. Desai, Dalice Sim, Wayne L. Linklater","year":2013,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.18199144","url":"https://openalex.org/W7119780182","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18199144","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi for the IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment) Invasive weeds like Lantana camara have a range of effects on animals such as elephant. These plants are not edible by the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). They also compete for space with elephant food plants and take over large areas of elephant habitat. We tested whether the addition of L. camara to a model consisting of measured environmental variables improved predictions of habitat use by elephant in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India. Elephant dung density was used to assess elephant habitat use from 62 line transects 1-km in length. Results indicated that habitat and impact of human settlements significantly influenced elephant habitat use at a landscape scale. However, we found no evidence for the hypothesis that the addition of L. camara significantly predicted elephant habitat use at the landscape level. We then tested the association of L. camara on elephant habitat use in the dry deciduous forest (DDF) where there was a significant interaction between DDF and L. camara. In the DDF, L. camara significantly predicted elephant habitat use. We conclude that while no significant effects of L. camara were seen at the level of an entire reserve, at a finer scale and in specific habitats negative effects of this invasive plant on elephant habitat use were observed."},{"kind":"article","title":"The influence of the invasive weed<i>Lantana camara</i>on elephant habitat use in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India","authors":"Gaius Wilson, Ajay A. Desai, Dalice Sim, Wayne L. Linklater","year":2013,"doi":"10.1017/s0266467413000205","url":"https://openalex.org/W2144195277","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","citations":35,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract: Invasive weeds like Lantana camara have a range of effects on animals such as elephant. These plants are not edible by the Asian elephant ( Elephas maximus ). They also compete for space with elephant food plants and take over large areas of elephant habitat. We tested whether the addition of L. camara to a model consisting of measured environmental variables improved predictions of habitat use by elephant in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India. Elephant dung density was used to assess elephant habitat use from 62 line transects 1-km in length. Results indicated that habitat and impact of human settlements significantly influenced elephant habitat use at a landscape scale. However, we found no evidence for the hypothesis that the addition of L. camara significantly predicted elephant habitat use at the landscape level. We then tested the association of L. camara on elephant habitat use in the dry deciduous forest (DDF) where there was a significant interaction between DDF and L. camara . In the DDF, L. camara significantly predicted elephant habitat use. We conclude that while no significant effects of L . camara were seen at the level of an entire reserve, at a finer scale and in specific habitats negative effects of this invasive plant on elephant habitat use were observed."},{"kind":"article","title":"Long-Term Environmental Correlates of Invasion by Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest","authors":"Geetha Ramaswami, Raman Sukumar","year":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0076995","url":"https://openalex.org/W1968294323","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0076995&type=printable","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"PLoS ONE","citations":28,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Invasive species, local plant communities and invaded ecosystems change over space and time. Quantifying this change may lead to a better understanding of the ecology and the effective management of invasive species. We used data on density of the highly invasive shrub Lantana camara (lantana) for the period 1990-2008 from a 50 ha permanent plot in a seasonally dry tropical forest of Mudumalai in southern India. We used a cumulative link mixed-effects regression approach to model the transition of lantana from one qualitative density state to another as a function of biotic factors such as indicators of competition from local species (lantana itself, perennial grasses, invasive Chromolaena odorata, the native shrub Helicteres isora and basal area of native trees) and abiotic factors such as fire frequency, inter-annual variability of rainfall and relative soil moisture. The density of lantana increased substantially during the study period. Lantana density was negatively associated with the density of H. isora, positively associated with basal area of native trees, but not affected by the presence of grasses or other invasive species. In the absence of fire, lantana density increased with increasing rainfall. When fires occurred, transitions to higher densities occurred at low rainfall values. In drier regions, lantana changed from low to high density as rainfall increased while in wetter regions of the plot, lantana persisted in the dense category irrespective of rainfall. Lantana seems to effectively utilize resources distributed in space and time to its advantage, thus outcompeting local species and maintaining a population that is not yet self-limiting. High-risk areas and years could potentially be identified based on inferences from this study for facilitating management of lantana in tropical dry forests."},{"kind":"article","title":"Predicting the Distribution Pattern of Small Carnivores in Response to Environmental Factors in the Western Ghats","authors":"Riddhika Kalle, Tharmalingam Ramesh, Qamar Qureshi, Kalyanasundaram Sankar","year":2013,"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0079295","url":"https://openalex.org/W1991563624","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0079295&type=printable","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"PLoS ONE","citations":77,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Due to their secretive habits, predicting the pattern of spatial distribution of small carnivores has been typically challenging, yet for conservation management it is essential to understand the association between this group of animals and environmental factors. We applied maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt) to build distribution models and identify environmental predictors including bioclimatic variables, forest and land cover type, topography, vegetation index and anthropogenic variables for six small carnivore species in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. Species occurrence records were collated from camera-traps and vehicle transects during the years 2010 and 2011. We used the average training gain from forty model runs for each species to select the best set of predictors. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic plot (ROC) ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 for the training data and 0.72 to 0.87 for the test data. In habitat models for F. chaus, P. hermaphroditus, and H. smithii \"distance to village\" and precipitation of the warmest quarter emerged as some of the most important variables. \"Distance to village\" and aspect were important for V. indica while \"distance to village\" and precipitation of the coldest quarter were significant for H. vitticollis. \"Distance to village\", precipitation of the warmest quarter and land cover were influential variables in the distribution of H. edwardsii. The map of predicted probabilities of occurrence showed potentially suitable habitats accounting for 46 km(2) of the reserve for F. chaus, 62 km(2) for V. indica, 30 km(2) for P. hermaphroditus, 63 km(2) for H. vitticollis, 45 km(2) for H. smithii and 28 km(2) for H. edwardsii. Habitat heterogeneity driven by the east-west climatic gradient was correlated with the spatial distribution of small carnivores. This study exemplifies the usefulness of modeling small carnivore distribution to prioritize and direct conservation planning for habitat specialists in southern India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of liverwort and hornwort flora of Nilgiri Hills, Western Ghats (India)","authors":"Praveen Kumar Verma, Afroz Alam, K. K. Rawat","year":2013,"doi":"10.2478/pbj-2013-0038","url":"https://openalex.org/W2029817385","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0038","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Polish Botanical Journal","citations":12,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Bryophytes are an important part of the flora of the Nilgiri Hills of Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot. This paper gives an updated catalogue of the Hepaticae of the Nilgiri Hills. The list includes all available records, based on the authors’ collections and those in LWU and other renowned herbaria. The catalogue of liverworts indicates their substrate and occurrence, and includes several records new for the Nilgiri bryoflora as well as for Western Ghats. The list of Hepaticae contains 29 families, 55 genera and 164 taxa. The list of Anthocerotae comprises 2 families, 3 genera and 5 taxa belonging to almost all life form types."},{"kind":"article","title":"Western Ghats of India: Rich source of microbial biodiversity","authors":"K. Madhavan Nampoothiri, B Ramkumar, Ashok Pandey","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2530199498","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":26,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Introduction Western Ghats of India, though covering an area of 180,000 km2, or just under 6% of the land area of India, contain more than 30% of all plant, fish, herpeto-fauna, bird, and mammal species found in India. Starting from southern tip of Gujarat and extending from Satpura Range in the north traversing through the States of Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Kerala, hills of Western Ghats ends at southern tip of India, standing tall at an altitude of 2695 m (Anamudi) in Kerala. Being the “gene pool” harbouring millions of species of animals, plants and microbes, the heritage unit of UNESCO grants a section of Western Ghats lying in the states of Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Gujarat with a “heritage tag”. In August, 2011, Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) designated entire Western Ghats as an Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA) and, assigned three levels of ecological sensitivity to its different regions. Unique biodiversity of Western Ghats are protected and conserved through the establishment of biosphere reserves, national parks and several wildlife sanctuaries (Table 1). Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve comprising 5500 km2 of evergreen forests of Nagarahole; deciduous forests of Bandipur National Park; Nugu in Karnataka and adjoining regions of Wayanad; Mudumalai National Park and Mukurthi National Park in the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu forms the largest contiguous protected area in Western Ghats. Silent Valley National Park located in Nilgiri Hills in Palakkad district of Kerala is one among the last tracts of virgin tropical evergreen forest in India. Within an area of 237.52 km2, it houses a rich mosaic of varied habitats forming a unique preserve of natural rainforests. Analyses of conservation outcomes reveal the presence of 332 globally threatened species and thousands of endemic species in the forests and hill ranges of Western Ghats with over 450 birds and 5000 vascular plants species, of which 35% and 30% respectively are endemic1, besides a vast array of fresh water fishes, invertebrates and amphibians, which are endemic to the region. Among various ranges of organisms in Western Ghats, microorganisms are a vast array of novel and unidentified microbes, which could be explored for potential applications. This review presents data on microbial diversity of Western Ghats of India, with an emphasis on exploiting them for potential applications for socio-economic development of India."},{"kind":"article","title":"Frugivory and seed dispersal by the Asian Elephant Elephas maximus in the tropical forests of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, southern India","authors":"Nagarajan Baskaran, Ajay A. Desai","year":2013,"doi":"10.11609/jott.o2848.4893-7","url":"https://openalex.org/W1553226306","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/62/66","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":10,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Seed dispersal plays a potential role in plant species demographic processes. Elephants are important seed-dispersing agents. We studied frugivory and seed dispersal by Asian Elephants in the tropical deciduous and thorn forests of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, southern India. We determined fruit consumption based on the presence of seeds and fruit remnants in elephant dung piles. In total, we identified seeds of eight plant species belonging to seven families in 16% out of 455 dung piles examined between 1991 and 2004. Coinciding with a peak fruiting season in the study area, seeds and other fruit parts appeared in the dung piles significantly more frequently during the dry season than in the wet seasons (southwest and northeast monsoons). Owing to differences in fruit species abundance in different habitats, there was more evidence of fruit consumption in the dry thorn than in the dry and moist deciduous forests. This corresponds with insufficient grass availability in thorn forests during the dry season and an increase in browse consumption as a supplementary diet. Seeds of Tamarindus indica and Acacia intsia were found in elephant dung more frequently than other species. Seed and fruit remnants were found in almost an equal number of dung piles of both bulls and herds."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Seriwaste Vermi Compost as a Substitute for Inorganics on Growth, Yield and Economics of Hybrid Maize","authors":"K. Ramamoorthy, V Kalayarasan","year":2013,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.001338","url":"https://openalex.org/W2583832884","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.001338","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted for two years during Kharif 2010 to 2011 at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), TNAU, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu under irrigated eco-system to study the influence of seriwaste vermicompost as a substitute for inorganic fertilizer on productivity and economics of hybrid maize (CoH(M)-5). The experiments were laid out in RBD with three replications. The results indicated that 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + 50% seriwaste vermicompost (2.5 tonnes/ha) registered higher yield attributes and yield with increased net return and BC ratio in hybrid maize. This was closely followed by 25% RDF + 75% seriwaste vermicompost (3.25 tonnes/ha) as compared to either 100% inorganics or organics alone."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Soil on Root Rot of Sugarbeet Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii","authors":"R Thilagavathi, S. Nakkeeran, T. Raguchander, G. Karthikeyan, P. Latha, Dananjeyan Balachandar, R. Samiyappan","year":2013,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.001398","url":"https://openalex.org/W2547198930","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/100-7-9-752-755.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A survey was conducted on the occurrence of sugarbeet root rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Tamil Nadu (India) during 2008-2009. Soil samples collected from conducive and suppressive soils were tested under pot culture conditions inoculated with sclerotia of S. rolfsii. Sugarbeet grown in disease conducive soils such as Ooty, Thondamuthur, Pollachi, and Bhavanisagar were observed with root rot incidence of 45.9, 54.2, 37.5 and 50 per cent respectively; whereas sugarbeet grown in the experimental plot of TNAU (suppressive soil) was free from disease. The physico-chemical properties of soils showed that the conducive soils were sandy loam to sandy clay loam, non calcareous with normal pH, while the suppressive soil were clay loam, calcareous with higher pH. Actinomycete population was dominant in the suppressive soil than conducive soils."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Imazethapyr on Weed Control and Yield of Groundnut and its Residual Effect on Succeeding Sunflower and Pearl Millet","authors":"C. Babu, K. Siddeswaran, C. Chinnusamy, R. Sathya Priya","year":2013,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.001253","url":"https://openalex.org/W369660889","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/100-1-3-123-126.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field investigation was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during kharif 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the new formulation of imazethapyr (10% SL) on weed control in groundnut and its residual effect on succeeding crops. Based on two years field experimentation, it was found that early post emergence application of imazethapyr (10% SL) at 200 g ha-1 gave significantly lower total weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency at all the stages. Application of new formulation of imazethapyr (10% SL) at 100 g ha-1 as early post emergence herbicide kept the weed density and dry weight below the economic threshold level and increased the pod yield (1602 and 1900 kg ha-1) and this was on par with 150 g ha-1 (1580 and 1854 kg ha-1) in groundnut. Succeeding crops like sunflower and pearl millet sown immediately after the harvest of groundnut was not affected by the residue of new formulation of imazethapyr at all different doses."},{"kind":"article","title":"Genetics of stability and adaptability of rice hybrids (Oryza sativa L.) for grain quality traits","authors":"A. Mahalingam, R. Saraswathi, S. Robin, T. Marimuthu, T. Jayaraj, J. Ramalingam","year":2013,"doi":"10.5897/ajar12.1035","url":"https://openalex.org/W2148803312","oa_url":"https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380882320_Mahalingam et al.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"African Journal of Agricultural Research","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An experiment was conducted during 2011-12 at three environments namely, Aduthurai (E1), Coimbatore (E2) and Bhavanisagar (E3) to assess the stability of thirteen different grain quality traits among the 40 CMS hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.). ANOVA of Eberhart and Russell revealed that, performance of different hybrids fluctuated significantly from their respective linear path of response to environment. Most of the grain quality parameters showed non-significant mean squares except hulling percentage, milling percentage, head rice recovery, gel consistency and volume expansion ratio, indicating the influence of genotype x environment (G x E) interactions on these five grain quality measures. The genotype x environment (linear) interaction component showed significance for hulling, milling percentage, head rice recovery, gel consistency and volume expansion ratio showed the influence of locations on the expression of these parameters. Hybrids combinations viz., COMS23A x AD08009R, COMS24A x IET20898R, CRMS31A with IET20897R, IET20898R, AD06084R and AD09533R were found to be stable over locations with high mean, around unit regression (bi) and least deviation from regression line (S2di) for hulling percentage. For gel consistency, COMS23A x IET20937R, COMS23A x AD09216R, COMS23A x AD09216R, COMS25A x IET20937R and CRMS31A x AD09223R are the hybrids showed below average stability as these hybrids posses greater mean, less than unit regression (bi>1) and non significant deviation from regression (S2di) and may be suitable for E3(Bhavanisagar).\r\n\r\n\t \r\n\r\n\tKey words: Oryza sativa, genotype x environment, hybrids."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Economics of Banana","authors":"R. Kuttimani, K. Velayudham, E. Somasundaram, P. Muthukrishnan","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2182258779","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture & Health Sciences","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Agricultural Research Station (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University), Bhavanisagar, Erode district of Tamil Nadu to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on yield and economics of banana under irrigated conditions. The results revealed that application of 100% recommended dose of fertilizer along with 40% Wellgro soil recorded the maximum number of hands (10.2 and 10.3), number of fingers (136.3 and 145.2), bunch weight (23.9 and 25.3 kg/plant) and total yield (72.8 and 77.1 t/ha) during 2010-11 and 2011-12,respectively. Similarly, net income and B: C ratio was also influenced by integrated nutrient management practices during both years of study. Hence, integrated nutrient management practices have been found to be an ideal option to improve yield and economics of banana under soil and climatic conditions of Western zone of Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of New Formulation of Oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) for Weed Control Efficacy and Bulb Yield in Onion","authors":"Sathya Priya Ramalingam, Chinnusamy Chinnagounder, Manickasundaram Perumal, Murali Arthanari Palanisamy","year":2013,"doi":"10.4236/ajps.2013.44109","url":"https://openalex.org/W2043476914","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=30086","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"American Journal of Plant Sciences","citations":42,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment were conducted for two years at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during kharif season of 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) on weed control in onion. Weeds constitute one of the biggest problems in agriculture that not only reduce the yield and quality of onion but also utilize essential nutrients. Hence, weed control is essential for increasing onion production. Based on two years field experimentation, it was found that pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) at400 g.ha-1 gave significantly lower total weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency at all the intervals. Application of new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) at200 g.ha-1 as pre-emergence herbicide can keep the weed density and dry weight below the economic threshold level and increase the bulb weight (42.56 and43.87 g) and yield (15940 and15610 kg.ha-1) in onion. Unweeded control accounted for lower bulb yield which inturn reflected through higher weed index of 60.6 and 56.1 per cent, respectively during both the years, due to heavy competition of weeds for nutrients, space and light."},{"kind":"article","title":"An Epidemiological Study On Foot And Mouth Disease Outbreak In Cattle Of Erode District Of Tamilnadu","authors":"P. Shamsudeen, R. Yasothai, T.R. Gopalakrishna Murthy","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2187467002","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is one of the most important viral diseases of livestock especially cattle causing heavy economic losses to farmers. FMD outbreak in cattle during the period from 2002 to 2008 in Erode District of Tamil Nadu is reported. The incidence of FMD in cattle and buffaloes, season, morbidity and mortality were investigated. The results revealed that the disease generally occurred fr om August to Febr uary of the calendar year with very high prevalence from November to Febr uary. The disease caused an average mortality of 16.1 per cent in cattle, with highest mortality rate of 32.6 per cent during 2003-04, followed by 16 per cent mortality in 2007-08, 4.2 per cent in 2002-03 and a lowest mortality rate of 2.5 per cent during 2004-05. In 2007-08, a total of 2352 cattle and buffalo were affected with a mortality of 16 per cent among morbid animals. The disease affected 1578 cows, 349 calves, 349 buffaloes and 76 buffalo calves with a mor tality percentage of 14.3, 29.8, 10.6 and 13.2 respectively. The disease caused 17.1 per cent mortality in white cattle and 11.1 per cent mortality in buffaloes. Among morbid animals, the mortality in adults (cow and buffalo) and young ones (calves and buffalo calves) were 13.7 per cent and 26.8 per cent, respectively. Higher morbidity and mortality were observed in ar eas irrigated with Lower Bhavani Project (LBP) Channel and Cauvery river water irrigation than dry land area of the district."},{"kind":"article","title":"Synedra species morphological observation at Bhavani region in Cauvery river, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Venkatachalapathy","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2187500779","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A total number of 60 Diatoms belonging to 21 genera species are identified from Cauvery river at Bhavani region in Erode District, Tamil Nadu State and examined by using Light Microscopy (LM). The fresh water species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg and Synedra rumpen are recorded for the first time in the study area and abundant of epiphytic diatoms species. The Synedra ulna and Synedra rumpen species belonging to the genus Synedra are illustrious by tiny taxonomic features. The detailed morphology of the species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg and Synedra rumpen with the length and breadth of the valve, number of striae, shape of the apices, shape of the psedudoraphe and shape of the central area are examined. Keyword: Diatom, cauvery river, morphology, light microscopy, synedra ulna , s ynedra rumpen , bacillariophyta."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Taxonomic and Morphological study of Fresh water Diatom species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg in Cauvery River at Bhavani region, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Venkatachalapathy","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2184931700","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Epilithic and Epiphytic diatoms from stones and macrophytes are collected in Cauvery river at Bhavani region in Erode District, Tamil Nadu State and examined by using Light Microscopy (LM). Sixty diatoms belonging to twenty two genera species are identified. The fresh water species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg is recorded for the first time in the study area and a large amount of epiphytic diatoms species. The Synedra ulna species belonging to the genus Synedra are illustrious by tiny taxonomic features. The detailed morphology of the species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg with the length and breadth of the valve, number of striae, shape of the apices, shape of the pseudoraphe and shape of the central area are examined. The species Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg was found to be associated with fresh water and slightly water environment. Keyword: Synedra ulna , Cauvery river, Morphology, Light microscopy, Bacillariophyta."},{"kind":"article","title":"The association of Lantana camara with elephant (Elephas maximus), their food, habitat use and feeding behaviour in southern India","authors":"Gaius Wilson","year":2013,"doi":"10.26686/wgtn.17005606","url":"https://openalex.org/W1505938089","oa_url":"https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/The_association_of_Lantana_camara_with_elephant_Elephas_maximus_their_food_habitat_use_and_feeding_behaviour_in_southern_India/17005606/1/files/31458538.pdf","licence":"https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/library/about-us/policies-and-strategies/copyright-for-the-researcharchive","full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Invasive exotic species pose an enormous threat to the world's biological diversity. Invasions can alter native communities, replacing local biotas with non-indigenous species introduced by humans. Exotic plant invasions can have negative effects on native flora, which can be in turn detrimental to the herbivores that depend on the vegetation. In this dissertation, I examined the association of an exotic invasive weed, Lantana camara L., with the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), its food resources (grass and browse), habitat use and feeding behaviour in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India. Exotic plant invasions are often associated with alterations or declines in native floral species. I first examined the association of L. camara and measured environmental covariates with floral species assemblage and richness, elephant browse plants, percentage grass cover and percentage grass occupancy. A multivariate analysis revealed a significant association of L. camara with floral species assemblage and richness, some elephant browse plants and grass cover within the moist deciduous forest (MDF) and dry deciduous forest (DDF), but not in the thorn forest (TF) of Mudumalai. My results suggest that L. camara appears to be capable of altering the floral community in some habitats. These results also suggest that changes in the floral community and a reduction in grass cover due to L. camara invasion could be detrimental to elephant and other herbivores that depend on grass in this reserve. I then examined the association of L. camara with habitat use by elephant. Elephant dung density was used to assess elephant habitat use from 62 line transects, each 1-km in length. I found no evidence that L. camara was associated with elephant habitat use across habitats, although the interaction term between one habitat (DDF) and L. camara was significantly associated with elephant dung density suggesting that the effect of L. camara was different in different habitats. This indicates that L. camara is associated with elephant habitat use within certain habitats. Habitat and impact of human settlements were significantly associated with elephant habitat use across habitats within Mudumalai. In the DDF, however, only L. camara was associated with elephant habitat use. I conclude that while no significant effects of L. camara were seen across habitats, in specific habitats, negative associations of this invasive plant with elephant habitat use, possibly through the reduction of grass cover, are possible. These results indicate that L. camara appears detrimental to elephant in certain habitats and removal of L. camara in these habitats should be prioritised so as to facilitate growth of grass and native browse species, especially if elephant populations continue to expand. Lastly, I examined the association of elephant behaviour, assessed from feeding and stepping rates, with variation in L. camara invasion. Fifty-seven elephants were observed for a total of 64.3 hours using the focal-animal sampling method. Elephant were never observed to feed on L. camara, but rather fed on grass and browse that were present within and around L. camara patches. Feeding rates (number of trunksful·min⁻¹) were negatively associated with L. camara invasion. A path analysis, which assesses both direct and indirect effects of independent variables, indicated that the total effect of L. camara on feeding rates was 11% less than the direct negative association owing to a positive indirect relationship between L. camara and feeding rates through grass cover and browse density. Lantana camara was not significantly associated with variation in stepping rates (number of steps·min⁻¹). Rather, stepping rates were negatively associated with grass cover and positively associated with browse density. My results indicate that L. camara is potentially capable of changing elephant feeding rates, likely through a loss of grass areas due to L. camara invasion. Wild elephants"},{"kind":"article","title":"Conservation, conflict and costs : living with large mammals in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Nisha Owen","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1586722463","oa_url":"http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5069/1/NOwen_Thesis_Final.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"UPT. Syiah Kuala University Library (Syiah Kuala University)","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Human-wildlife conflict is a growing obstacle to biodiversity conservation, while the resulting consequences continue to hamper sustainable development. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats in South India, characterises a mosaic of land use and biodiversity conservation, human privilege and poverty, and is a case-study for a wide range of conflicts with endangered large mammals such as tiger and Asian elephant.&#13;\\nThis thesis explored the social, ecological and economic contexts to conflicts with wildlife over livelihood production systems, namely agriculture and livestock, taking an interdisciplinary approach to determine key drivers of conflict losses and perceptions, ascertain the effectiveness of and decision-making process behind the choices of mitigation measures, and understand how the implementation of more effective community-based solutions may be established.&#13;\\nThe presence and intensity of conflict is driven by habitat degradation, forest proximity, and crop or livestock holding extent, while perceptions are strongly linked to proportional loss and economic investment. The most effective intervention methods were electric fences to protect crops, and guarding or the use of sheds and corrals to protect livestock. Households prefer to establish electric fences around fields, given the institutional failings in effectively maintaining electric fences around protected areas; or to utilise more effective guarding practices, but are hampered by issues of cost and labour effort. The majority of households believe that the government Forest Department should be responsible for managing conflicts, accepting very little personal responsibility.&#13;\\nCollective action through community co-operatives can enable access to expensive but effective technologies such as electric fencing, and co-operation can be improved if schemes recognise the importance of landholder demographics in assessing costs and benefits, base contributions on risk, minimise pre-imposed constraints, and understand the problems of community heterogeneity. Reducing risks from conflict and improving livelihood production systems can be a potential and powerful incentive for biodiversity conservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"IMPROVING THE SUPPLY CHAIN EFFICIENCY OF MARIGOLD THROUGH CONTRACT FARMING: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM TAMILNADU","authors":"M. Jawaharlal, N. Venkatesa Palanichamy, D. Sureshkumar","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2189003687","oa_url":"http://www.iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/UploadFolder/5%20IMPROVING%20THE%20SUPPLY%20CHAIN%20EFFICIENCY%20OF%20MARIGOLD%20THROUGH%20CONTRACT/5%20IMPROVING%20THE%20SUPPLY%20CHAIN%20EFFICIENCY%20OF%20MARIGOLD%20THROUGH%20CONTRACT.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This study focus on performance of marigold supply chains in contract and non contract farming by analyzing primary data collected from randomly selected 50 contract and 50 non contract farmers of Sathyamangalam block in Erode district through personal interview method. The results revealed that efficiency of supply chain (channel I and II) in non contract farming were affected by exploitation of middlemen, lack of assured price, timely availability of inputs, lack of advanced technologies (farmers) and access to raw materials (processors) and higher retail price (consumers). The contract farming system improved the efficiency of supply chain by eliminating the above constraints and the farmers were getting higher net price in contract farming channel III. Assured price, higher yield and return were the important reason for participation in contract farming. Labour problem and lack of insurance cover were the major problem faced by the farmers in contract farming system."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diagnosis Of Motile Aeromonas Sobria From Cat Fishes With Septicemia By PCR","authors":"Arunava Das, Ashish Rathore, C Janani, C Hemanth, Ravikrishnan Balakrishnan","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2537059633","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Aeromonas septicemia is a life threatening bacterial infection in fishes, concurrently in human with weakened immune systems. Present research work aims to isolate and identify the virulent strains of motile Aeromonas species linked with the septicemia in 12 fresh water cat fishes (Clarius batrachus) in the locality of Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu. A total of 72 samples consisting of intestinal contents, spleen, kidney, gills, liver and skin were collected aseptically from the infected cat fishes. Upon detailed bacteriological investigation, 56(77.78%) isolates were tentatively identified as A. sobria. All these isolates were further screened for hemolysin gene (ahh1), A. hydrophila aerolysin gene (area), A. sobria hemolysin gene (asa1) and A. caviae hemolysin gene (cav1) by polymerase chain reaction. In PCR, 43(76.78%) of 56 isolates, were found positive for single asa1 gene, while, 3(5.35%) were also positive for both asa1 and ahh1 genes. None of the isolates were positive for aerA and cav1 genes. PCR result suggested the presence of virulence genes in 46(82.14%) isolates of A. sobria. The asa1 gene has proven to be the predominant virulence factor in A. sobria associated with Aeromonas septicemia in cat fish. PCR based identification of virulent strains of A. sobria appeared to be very useful, sensitive and less time consuming method than traditional microbiological identification system."},{"kind":"article","title":"First record of avifaunal communities in Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamilnadu, India.","authors":"Kumaraguru Chandrasekaran S","year":2013,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.4322637","url":"https://openalex.org/W4299838181","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4322637","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A total of 231 species of birds has been recorded for the first time from Sathyamangalam Forest Division, Erode district, based on the survey conducted from 21 to 22 of November 2009. The preliminary study established fairly good diversity of the birds in this forest division. The study also revealed occurrence of four species of birds considered critically endangered (White-back Vulture, Long-billed Vulture, Red-headed Vulture and Nephron Vulture), two endangered (Spot-billed Pelican and House Sparrow), one vulnerable (Lesser Kestrel) and five near threatened species (Oriental Darter, Lesser-fish Eagle, Grey-headed Fish Eagle, Malabar-pied Hornbill and Great. pied Hornbill). The study has also shown that Sathyamangalam Forest Division is a potential habitat for Gyps Vultures. The need for undertaking population studies of the rare and threatened species and landscape oriented studies to understand the effect of habitat on the diversity of avifauna is highlighted."},{"kind":"article","title":"Liquid Crystal Research: Current Trends and Future Perspectives","authors":"Durga P. Ojha, H. Yurtseven, A. K. Prajapati, M. L. N. Madhu Mohan","year":2013,"doi":"10.1155/2013/126481","url":"https://openalex.org/W2061739110","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/acmp/2013/126481.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Advances in Condensed Matter Physics","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"1 School of Physics, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, Odisha 768 019, India 2Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey 3 Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 001, India 4Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638 401, India"},{"kind":"article","title":"Contrasting Fire Regimes in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest and a Savanna Ecosystem in the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Narendran Kodandapani","year":2013,"doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0902102","url":"https://openalex.org/W2196844528","oa_url":"https://fireecology.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.4996/fireecology.0902102","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Fire Ecology","citations":20,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract Tropical dry forests and savannas constitute more than half of all tropical forests and grasslands, but little is known about forest fire regimes within these two extensive types of ecosystems. Forest fire regimes in a predominantly dry forest in India, the Nilgiri landscape, and a predominantly savanna ecosystem in the Sathyamangalam landscape, were examined. Remote sensing data were applied to delineate burned areas, determine fire size characteristics, and to estimate fire-rotation intervals. Belt transects (0.5 ha) were used to estimate forest structure, diversity, and fuel loads. Mean area burned, mean number of fires, and mean fire size per year were substantially higher in the Nilgiri landscape compared to the Sathyamangalam landscape. Mean fire-rotational interval was 7.1 yr in the Nilgiri landscape and 44.1 yr in the Sathyamangalam landscape. Tree (≥10 cm diameter at breast height) species diversity, tree density, and basal area were significantly higher in the Nilgiri landscape compared to the Sathyamangalam landscape. Total fuel loads were significantly higher in tropical dry and moist deciduous forests in the Nilgiri landscape, but total fuel loads were higher in the tropical dry thorn forests of the Sathyamangalam landscape. Thus, the two landscapes revealed contrasting fire regimes and forest characteristics, with more and four-fold larger fires in the Nilgiri landscape. The dry forests and savannas could be maintained by a combination of factors, such as fire, grazing pressures, and herbivore populations. Understanding the factors maintaining these two ecosystems will be critical for their conservation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethnomedicinal plants and novel formulations used by Hooralis tribe in Sathyamangalam forests, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"P Revathi, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, S. Manian","year":2013,"doi":"10.5897/jmpr2013.5074","url":"https://openalex.org/W2129847411","oa_url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-full-text-pdf/DB6A93825691.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","citations":32,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Vilangombai village, Sathyamangalam forest division, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India from November 2011 to January 2012. Information gathered are from the Hooralis tribe about the plant&rsquo;s local name, parts used, preparations and ailments. A total of 47 plant species belonging to 30 families were collected in the present study. Out of which, 15 plants uses were reported for the first time from this area. The documented diseases were grouped into 12 ailment categories, based on the body system treated. Herbs were recorded under maximum life forms in the documented plants. Leaves were used and paste was the common way of herbal preparation among the studied tribals. The collected data were analyzed for the use value (UV), informant consensus factor (Fic) and fidelity level (FL). The high use reports were recorded in dermatological infection/diseases. The significant Fic values were recorded for gastro intestinal ailments, poisonous bites and dermatological infections. The plants with desirable data obtained in the present study are suggested for evaluating further research and searching new drugs. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Sathyamangalam forest, Vilangombai, Hooralis, formulation, fidelity level, informant consensus factor."},{"kind":"reference","title":"Tiger presence in a hitherto unsurveyed jungle of India — the Sathyamangalam forests","authors":"The paper that put STR on the scientific map","year":2013,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257549665_Tiger_presence_in_a_hitherto_unsurveyed_jungle_of_India-the_Sathyamangalam_forests","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Chief Minister's Statement on Modernisation of Bhavanisagar Civil Service Training Institute","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-14-2012-4-30-2-S-110_1_2012-05-07","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Thanks to Chief Minister's Announcements on the Modernisation of Bhavanisagar Civil Service Training Institute and Restoration of Cauvery structures and construction of additional sluices","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-14-2012-4-30-2-MSC_2012-05-07","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Sacred Natural Sites","authors":"Verschuuren, B., Wild, R., McNeely, J., Oviedo, G.","year":2012,"doi":"10.4324/9781849776639","url":"https://openalex.org/W2253696179","oa_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/sacred-natural-sites-conserving-nature-and-culture","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":130,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Foreword Preface 1. Introduction: Sacred Natural Sites: the Foundations of Conservation Part I: Towards the Science and Spirituality of Sacred Natural Sites 2. Conservation of Biodiversity in Sacred Natural Sites in Asia and Africa: a Review of the Scientific Literature. 3. Sacred Mountains and Global Change: Impacts and Responses 4. Falling Between the 'Cracks' of Conservation and Religion: The Role of Stewardship for Sacred Trees and Groves 5. The Enchanted Earth: Numinous Sacred Sites 6. A Review of Sacred Natural Sites and Arguments for Developing Biocultural Conservation Approaches Part II: Sacred Natural Sites: Mutual Learning, Analysis, Planning and Management 7. Nature Saint and Holy Island, Ancient Values in a Modern Economy: The Enduring Influence of St. Cuthbert and Lindisfarne, United Kingdom 8. Tourism Meets the Sacred: Khumbu Sherpa Place-Based Spiritual Values in Sagarmatha (Mount Everest) National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal. 9. The Road to the Future? The Bio-cultural Values of the Holy Hill Forests of Yunnan Province, China 10. Uncovering the Intangible Values of Earth Care: Using Cognition to Reveal the Eco-spiritual Domains and Sacred Values of the Peoples of Eastern Kham 11. Ancestral Beliefs and Conservation: The Case of Sacred Areas in Bandjoun, West Cameroon 12. The Crocodile is our Brother: Conservation Management of the Sacred Lakes of the Niger Delta, Nigeria Part III: Sacred Natural Sites: International Recognition, Global Governance and Field Action 15. Sacred Natural Sites, Cultural Landscapes and UNESCO's Action 16. Synergies and Challenges for Legal Protection of Sacred Natural Sites in the South Pacific 17. The Cultural and Spiritual Values of Wetlands and their Sacred Natural Sites in the Ramsar Convention 18. Sacred Natural Sites, Biodiversity and Well-being: the Role of Sacred Sites in Endogenous Development in the Compas Network 19. Delos Initiative, Experience with Sacred Natural Sites in Technologically Developed Countries 20. Developing and Testing a Methodology and Tools for the Inventory of Sacred Natural Sites of Indigenous and Traditional Peoples in Mexico 21. Culture-based Conservation and Recovery of Sacred Groves: Experiences from the North Western Ghats, Maharastra, India Part IV: In our Own Hands: Living Culture and Equity at Sacred Natural Sites 22. Community-Based Ecotourism at Tafi Atome Sacred Monkey Sanctuary in Ghana 23. Sacred Valley, Conservation Management and Indigenous Survival: Uch Enmek Indigenous Nature Park, Altai Republic, Russia 24. Towards a Sustainable Management and Enhanced Protection of Sacred Marine Areas at Palawan's Coron Island Ancestral Domain, Philippines 25. Culture, Conservation and Co-management: Mapping Soliga Stake in Biodiversity Conservation in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, India 26. Devi as Ecofeminist Warrior: Reclaiming the Role of Sacred Natural Sites in East-Central India 27. Conclusion: Using Sacred Natural Sites to Conserve Nature and Culture"},{"kind":"article","title":"Culture, Conservation and Co-management: Strengthening Soliga Stake in Biodiversity Conservation in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, India","authors":"Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, India Sushmita Mandal, D. Nitin, C. Madegowda","year":2012,"doi":"10.4324/9781849776639-38","url":"https://openalex.org/W3000291075","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethno-Medico-Botanical Studies and Antibacterial Activity of Some Indigenous Ethno-Medicinal Plants Alleged to Cure Scabies in Irulars in Western Ghats, South India","authors":"K. K. Janardhanan, K. Anusha, V. Aswini","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2625111521","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"CiiT international journal of biometrics and bioinformatics","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The study area, Siruvani Hills, in Coimbatore district is a continuous range of the Western Ghats mountains included in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Irulars or Irulas are the predominant tribal sect inhabiting Siruvani Hills. In the present study solvent and aqueous extracts of five selected ethno-medicinal plants traditionally used by Irulas to cure scabies were screened for antibacterial activity. The selected plants are Clematis gouriana (Ranunculaceae), Clerodendrum viscosum (Verbenaceae), Dodonaea viscosa (Sapindaceae), Shorea roxburghii (Dipterocarpaceae) and Toddalia asiatica (Rutaceae). The plant extracts were prepared with solvents, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, acetone, methanol and distilled water. The solvent and aqueous extracts thus obtained were screened for antibacterial activity using bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Among the investigated plants, Clematis gouriana was found to exhibit the greatest inhibition effect against the tested organisms by registering a mean value of zone of inhibition 12.13mm followed by Shorea roxburghii (8.56mm) and Clerodendrum viscosum (6.21mm). However Clematis gouriana exhibited nil inhibition activity againstE.coli except with hexane extract. Though Shorea roxburghii exhibited an inhibition zone of 8.56mm the mean value was found out to be low. The least antimicrobial inhibition effect was recorded for Dodonaea viscosa(1.78mm) followed by Toddalia asiatica (0.18mm). Therefore, from the above said results Clematis gouriana, Clerodendrum viscosum and Shorea roxburghii appear to be the most promising ethno-medicinal plants for treating scabies. Phytochemical studies reveal that these plants possess bioactive compounds like glycosides, steroids, terpenoids and volatile oils which might confer antibacterial activity on these plants."},{"kind":"article","title":"Market Integration for Inclusive Growth","authors":"Sony Pellissery, Karthik Raja, Anupama James","year":2012,"doi":"10.1177/097492921200400102","url":"https://openalex.org/W1970676730","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Review of Market Integration","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The issue of market integration has been primarily examined in the disciplines of international business, development economics, finance strategy and managerial economics. Sociological views about market have been largely mute on integration issues. In this article, we examine the honey market in south India to make this conceptual contribution. Honey as a natural product, through interaction of complex botanical and zoological species, generates a unique market. It is ethnic communities, living closely with the nature, which depend on honey for their livelihood. Because of this reason, market integration is a challenging factor from the sociological point of view. Further, different policies by the state on forest products make market integration more difficult. In this study we empirically examine the honey market in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) which is spread in three south Indian states. We examine how honey hunters overcome the barriers to market access. We examine the impact of different types of traders on the income for honey hunters. We present three value chains in the local communities, data that was collected in 2008 through fieldwork."},{"kind":"article","title":"Modeling Impact of Economic Development Projects on Tiger Conservation Landscape – A Case Study from Nilgiris, India","authors":"G. Areendran, Mohan Raj, Kavita Raj, Santosh Mazumdar, Madhushree Munsi, Eric Wikramanayake","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1594325088","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Asian Journal of Geoinformatics","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Nilgiris, part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in the Western Ghats range of southwestern India support a good\r\npopulation of Indian tiger (Panthera tigris). However, anthropogenic disturbances pose threat to the tiger habitat in the region. We used geographic information system (GIS) based ‘Tiger Filter’ model to assess the impact of developmental projects on tiger populations and landscape. The model uses field-based information to identify core habitat areas and potential corridors for dispersal, connecting these core areas. The model indicates that the proposed road widening and the railway line will result in fragmentation of core habitat areas and decrease in connectivity between habitat patches. The model allows identification\r\nof key restoration areas and thereby makes recommendations for appropriate mitigation such that adverse impacts on tiger\r\nconservation landscape will be minimized."},{"kind":"article","title":"Estimating Asian Elephant, <i>Elephas Maximus</i> , Density Through Distance Sampling in the Tropical Forests of Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Honnavalli N. Kumara, S. Rathnakumar, M. Ananda Kumar, Mewa Singh","year":2012,"doi":"10.1177/194008291200500206","url":"https://openalex.org/W2115949206","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/194008291200500206","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Tropical Conservation Science","citations":23,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"To determine abundance, density and distribution of wild animals, it is crucial to estimate populations using reliable sampling techniques. In most earlier studies, elephant populations were estimated employing block counts or dung counts, which provide biased estimates due to limitations of the methods. We estimated an Asian elephant population using distance sampling, a quantitatively robust technique, in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve, a critical elephant conservation area in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in south India. We laid 33 transects with a total length of 93 km. We walked these transects five to 11 times amounting to a total of 795.5 km of walks. We collected data on location, number and age-sex classes through direct elephant sightings, using rangefinders, global positioning systems and compass. We used DISTANCE software for analysis. We estimated per km 2 cluster density as 0.69 elephant herds, mean cluster size as 2.44, and elephant density as 1.7 animals. This amounts to a total of 713 elephants in 610 km 2 of the sanctuary. A high percentage of males less than 30 years old and a low immature:adult female ratio indicated the severity of poaching in the recent past in the study region."},{"kind":"article","title":"Comparison of saproxylic insect diversity in three forest types of Rajiv Gandhi National Park, Nagarahole (Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India).","authors":"P. Sarasija, O. K. Remadevi, Y. B. Srinivasa","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2182334032","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current biotica","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Diversity of dead wood dependent (saproxylic) insects was studied in three different forest types of Rajiv Gandhi National Park (Nagarahole) during 2004 – 2007.Out of the three forest types selected for study viz., moist deciduous, dry deciduous and teak plantations, dry deciduous forests observed to be most diverse with regard to the abundance and species richness of saproxylic insects, followed by moist deciduous. The teak plantations supported less number of insects. Many saproxylic species associated with moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests were absent or less abundant in plantations. The ecological preferences of these organisms will be useful as biotic indicators in monitoring forest degradation. The study also throws light upon the importance of species diversity of flora in conserving the faunal diversity."},{"kind":"article","title":"Occurrence of major invasives in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India: perspective and prospective.","authors":"Sasi Ramasamy, Rajendran Arumugam","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W238772471","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Factors affecting habitat patch use by sloth bears in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Tharmalingam Ramesh, Riddhika Kalle, Kalyanasundaram Sankar, Qamar Qureshi","year":2012,"doi":"10.2192/ursus-d-11-00006.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.2192/ursus-d-11-00006.1","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Ursus","citations":30,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Harvest, Use, and Ecology of Cycas circinalis L.— A Case Study in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Area, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Anita Varghese, Vandana Krishnamurthy, Tamara Ticktin","year":2012,"doi":"10.21135/893275150.013","url":"https://doi.org/10.21135/893275150.013","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Proceedings of Cycad 2008: The 8th International Conference on Cycad Biology","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Earthworm diversity at Nilgiri biosphere reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"M. S. Shylesh Chandran, S. Sujatha, Mahesh Mohan, J. M. Julka, E. V. Ramasamy","year":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s10531-012-0365-4","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0365-4","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Biodiversity and Conservation","citations":13,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Advertisement Attraction Of Vodafone Mobile Services Television Commercials With Special Reference To Erode District","authors":", Dr. V. M. Senthilkumar Dr. V. M. Senthilkumar, Dr. P.Anbuoli Dr. P.Anbuoli","year":2012,"doi":"10.15373/22778179/aug2012/23","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2012/23","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Customer Satisfaction Towards Titan Watches with Reference to Erode District","authors":", K.Anitha K.Anitha, Dr.M. Uma Maheswari","year":2012,"doi":"10.15373/22778179/oct2013/75","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2013/75","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Consumers’ Preference on Various Brands of Cement in Gobichettipalayam Taluk of Erode District","authors":", M. Murugan M. Murugan, Dr. R. Ganapathi Dr. R. Ganapathi","year":2012,"doi":"10.15373/22778179/oct2012/32","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2012/32","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific Research","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Quality Work Life of Employees in Textile Showroom, in Erode District","authors":", G.Vaishnavee G.Vaishnavee, S.Poongodi S.Poongodi, P.Gowthami P.Gowthami","year":2012,"doi":"10.15373/22501991/mar2014/32","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/22501991/mar2014/32","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Evaluation of Social Security of Workers in Organized Sectors of Erode District of Tamilnadu","authors":", Dr. K. M. Kumaraguru Dr. K. M. Kumaraguru, Dr. P. Gurusamy Dr. P. Gurusamy","year":2012,"doi":"10.15373/22778179/mar2013/134","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/mar2013/134","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Pre-Purchase And Post-Purchase Behaviour Of Customers With Reference To Tvs Motors In Erode District, Tamilnadu","authors":", Dr.T.Vetrivel Dr.T.Vetrivel","year":2012,"doi":"10.15373/22778179/sep2012/39","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2012/39","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Scientific Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Customer Behaviour of Courier Service in Erode District","authors":", Dr. R. Somasundaram Dr. R. Somasundaram, Dr. R. Balasubramani Dr. R. Balasubramani, V.Krishnamoorthy V.Krishnamoorthy","year":2012,"doi":"10.15373/22501991/jan2013/40","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/22501991/jan2013/40","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"India's biodiversity hotspot under anthropogenic pressure: A case study of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Nagarajan Baskaran, Uthirapathi Anbarasan, Govindasamy Agoramoorthy","year":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.jnc.2011.08.004","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2011.08.004","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal for Nature Conservation","citations":24,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Molecular phylogeny of recurrent road killed butterflies in Nilgiri biosphere reserve, India, using CO1 gene marker","authors":"Chithravel Vadivalagan","year":2012,"doi":"10.5897/ajb11.3246","url":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb11.3246","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of Plant Weeds on Grass Availability in Gaur (Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827) Foraging Areas of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Southern India","authors":"M. A. A. Kumar, R. Nagarajan, R. Ilayaraja, S. Swaminathan, Ajay A. Desai","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1601427911","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Invasive species are regarded as one of the largest threats to biodiversity but little is known about the invasion of exotic plants into the tropical forest. The per cent grass availability in gaur ( Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827) foraging areas in three different habitats namely dry deciduous forest, moist deciduous forest and thorn forest in relation to weed category areas viz., Lantana camara invasion areas, Chromolaena odorata invasion areas, 'both weeds invasion' and 'weed-free' areas were investigated in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve between November 2003 and April 2004. The overall mean per cent grass availability was 28.52±26.81/m 2 (n=7343). The overall mean density of L. camara and C. odorata were 2.2±5.75/50m 2 (n=8090) and 10.7±14.6/50m 2 (n=8090) respectively. Among the habitats, the dry deciduous forest had maximum availability of grass (%) followed by thorn forest and moist deciduous forest. The per cent availability of grass was highest in the weed free areas of dry deciduous forest (54.0227.28%) and lowest in L. camara areas of thorn forest (14.52±14.45%). In all the habitats there was a significant variation among the weed category areas with reference to the per cent availability of grass. The densities of L. camara and C. odorata negatively influenced the per cent grass availability. The Standardized Partial Regression Coefficients of multiple regression equation model indicated that the C. odorata had the primary influence on the grass growth followed by L. camara ."},{"kind":"article","title":"Flowering plants of Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarahole) National Park, Karnataka, India","authors":"Manikandan Ramasamy, Pakishirajan Lakshminarasimhan","year":2012,"doi":"10.15560/8.6.1052","url":"https://openalex.org/W2475796438","oa_url":"https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/18539/download/pdf/","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Check List","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Rajiv Gandhi National Park encompasses a rich biodiversity of both flora and fauna and is regarded as one of the richest protected areas in Asia. It is a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and covers foot-hills of the Brahmagiri hill ranges in the Western Ghats, which is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots and epicenter of Indian endemics harbouring species-rich-habitats and supporting a high biodiversity. This is evident in its flowering plants diversity brought to focus during the present study. The National Park spreads over an area of 643.39 km2, harbours 1337 species, 14 subspecies and 34 varieties of Angiosperms distributed over 754 genera and 152 families. Notably 110 species of these are endemic. A complete inventory of all the recorded species is provided here."},{"kind":"article","title":"Matter dynamics with respect to influences of C<sub>3</sub>and C<sub>4</sub>plants in four subtropical grasslands of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India","authors":"S. Paulsamy, Bong-Soup Kil, M. Sivashanmugam","year":2012,"doi":"10.5141/jefb.2012.030","url":"https://openalex.org/W2113070958","oa_url":"http://koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201201052160895.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Ecology and Environment","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Biomass changes, net primary production and transfer dynamics of dry matter in four subtropical humid montane grasslands at Ebbenadu, Korakundah, Thiashola and Wenlockdown in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the Western Ghats, India, were investigated. Despite the early report of a higher density and dominance of <TEX>$C_4$</TEX> species over <TEX>$C_3$</TEX> species in these grasslands, no functional study of matter production had previously been carried out. Therefore, in order to determine the roles played by these two groups of species, the present study was attempted. The study revealed that the dry matter and net primary production contributed by <TEX>$C_4$</TEX> species were much greater than those of its <TEX>$C_3$</TEX> counterpart in all the grasslands. The turnover rate of aboveground dry matter for both <TEX>$C_3$</TEX> and <TEX>$C_4$</TEX> species was generally rapid, whereas it was slow for belowground parts, and litter components of <TEX>$C_3$</TEX> and <TEX>$C_4$</TEX> species together. In all grasslands, generally about 60% and 10% of the input were channeled to aboveground and belowground parts, respectively, by the <TEX>$C_4$</TEX> species, whereas the <TEX>$C_3$</TEX> species transferred only about 22% and 8% of dry matter to aboveground and belowground parts, respectively. The total disappearance of dry matter was 2.73, 2.10, 3.19, and <TEX>$1.96\\;g\\;m^{-2}\\;day^{-1}$</TEX> in Ebbenadu, Korakundah, Thiashola and Wenlockdown grasslands, which was 48.83%, 44.30%, 54.81%, and 41.09% of the total input, respectively, in these grasslands. This resulted in a considerable surplus dry matter production in all the grasslands studied. This balance sheet of dry matter in community function indicates that all the four studied grasslands were supporting the existing wild animals adequately in terms of pasture supply. The study further revealed that the stronger establishment of <TEX>$C_4$</TEX> species rather than their <TEX>$C_3$</TEX> counterparts, in terms of higher density and dominance, has driven them to play major roles in matter dynamics and system transfer functions in all the four grasslands studied. This fact evidenced that pasture from <TEX>$C_4$</TEX> species for wild animals was determined to be higher in comparison to that of <TEX>$C_3$</TEX> species."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on the Hepatoprotective Property of Folklore Medicinal Plants of Badagas in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats-Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activity","authors":"G.V. Madhunisha, S. Gayathri, S. Nirmaladevi, K. K. Janardhanan","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2595652104","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"CiiT international journal of biometrics and bioinformatics","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Badagas are the original settlers of the Nilgiris district,Tamil Nadu in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve falling in Western Ghats.Eight selected medicinal plants alleged to cure liver disorders aresubjected to phytochemical screening and two plants assayed forantioxidant activity in the present study. The medicinalplants. Embelia basaal contains the maximum number of bioactivecompounds like alkaloids, flavanoids, saponins and tannins, followedby Heracleum sprengelianum which shows alkaloids, glycosides,flavanoids and saponins. Givotia rottlariformis possesses saponnins,tannins and triterpenes only. The antioxidant activity of methanolextract of Givotia rottlariformis shows the highest activity about 5-6times more than that of ascorbic acid (the standard); whereas themethanol extract of Embelia basaal exhibits only about 3 times morethan that of ascorbic acid. Therefore, crude drug preparations forjaundice therapy may be attempted utilizing these two folkloremedicinal plants."},{"kind":"article","title":"Validation and documentation of rare endemic and threatened (RET) plants from Nilgiri, Kanuvai and Madukkarai forests of southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"K.M. Prabhu Kumar, Villuvattathu Sreeraj, Binu Thomas, K. M. Manudev, Adhithyan Rajendran","year":2012,"doi":"10.11609/jott.o3145.3436-42","url":"https://openalex.org/W2415484079","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/843/1505","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A botanical survey conducted in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Madukkarai and Kanuvai forests of Tamil Nadu, Southern Western Ghats led to the validation and documentation of many RET plants. The plants are properly identified and documented. Among them 51 selected species belonging to 38 genera, 26 families and two subfamilies are presented here. Short notes about their habit, habitat, locality and endemism are also included along with three colour photos."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of hydrogeomorphologicall and forms and lineaments using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques in Bargur -Mathur subwatersheds, Ponnaiyar River basin, India","authors":"A.S. Sethupathi, C. Lakshmi Narasimhan, Y. Yasanthamohan","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2286193570","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International journal of Geomatics and Geosciences","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Landsat ETM satellite data is used to demarcate hydrogeomorphologica11andforms and lineaments to evaluate groundwater potential of the study area. The Bargur -Mathur subwatersheds of Ponnaiyar river basin is occupied mostly by hard rocks and half of the portion in the study area is covered mainly by both wet and dry cultivation. The major hydrogeomorphic units identified in the area are, Structural Hills, Denudational Hills, Residual Hills, Inselberg, Pediments, Buried Pediment Inselberg Complex, Pediplains, Yalley Fills, Linear Ridges, Boulders and Rocky Knobs. Most part of the study area is occupied by pediplains with various thicknesses and the ground water potential is directly related to thickness of pediplain. Field observations showed that ground water occurs under unconfined conditions with water table at shallow to deep depth. From the lineament map, the lineament density and lineament intersection maps prepared to understand the impacts on groundwater percolation. Finally, the hydrogeomorphology and Lineament maps are overlaid following the weighted index overlay method, which delineates groundwater potential zones. An integrated remote sensing and geographic Information System (GIS) based approach has been used for demarcating groundwater potential zones in the study area."},{"kind":"article","title":"Detection of occurrence of a recent genetic bottleneck event in Indian hill cattle breed Bargur using microsatellite markers","authors":"P. Ganapathi, Ramanujam Rajendran, Kathiravan Periasamy","year":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s11250-012-0171-8","url":"https://openalex.org/W2119279332","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","citations":22,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Oxyfluorfen on Weed Control and Yield of Onion and its Residual Effect on Succeeding Sunflower and Pearl Millet","authors":"Sathya Priya R, P. Manickasundaram, C. Chinnusamy, C. Babu","year":2012,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100194","url":"https://openalex.org/W2235373538","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/99-10-12-782-785.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field investigation was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during kharif 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) on weed control in onion and their residual effect on succeeding crops. Based on two years field experimentation, it was found that pre-emergence application of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) at 400 g ha-1 gave significantly lower total weed density, weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency at all the stages. Application of new formulation of oxyfluorfen (23.5% EC) at 200 g ha -1 as pre-emergence herbicide kept the weed density and dry weight below the economic threshold level and increased the bulb yield (15940 and 15610 kg ha -1 ) in onion. Succeeding crops like sunflower and pearl millet sown immediately after the harvest of onion was not affected by the residue of new formulation of oxyfluorfen at all different doses."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Organic Sources of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)","authors":"G. Shanthi, E. Somasundaram, P. Muthukrishnan, S. Thiyageshwari","year":2012,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100075","url":"https://openalex.org/W1437596704","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/99-4-6-320-321.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during June 2010 – March 2011 to study the effect of organic sources of nutrients (wellgro soil, wellgro pellets, wellgro grains and farm yard manure) and recommended dose of fertilizer (150:60:100) on growth and yield of turmeric. The results revealed that the application of 100 % RDF along with 40 % total weight of chemical fertilizer as wellgro soil (350 kg ha -1 ) recorded higher growth parameters, yield attributes and rhizome yield (26,076 kg ha -1 ) followed by application of 75 % RDF along with 40 % of total weight of chemical fertilizer as wellgro pellets (260 kg ha -1 ) ."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Organic Sources of Nutrients on Soil Fertility and Quality Parameters of Turmeric","authors":"G. Shanthi, E. Somasundaram, P. Muthukrishnan, S Thiyageshwari","year":2012,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100137","url":"https://openalex.org/W1129356910","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/99-7-9-553-555.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was carried out during June 2010 – March 2011 at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, to determine the effect of organic sources of nutrients (Wellgro soil, wellgro pellets, wellgro grains and Farm yard manure) on soil fertility and quality parameters of turmeric. The results revealed that soil fertility characters (soil organic carbon content and microbial population) were enhanced with application of 100 % Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) + 40 % of total weight of chemical fertilizer as wellgro soil (140 kg ha -1 ) and it was followed by 100 % RDF + 40 % wellgro grains (140 kg ha-1 ). The quality parameters viz., curcumin, oleoresin and essential oil content were also regimed supreme by application of 100 % RDF + 40 % of total weight of chemical fertilizer as wellgro soil (140 kg ha -1 )."},{"kind":"article","title":"ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS IN BHAVANISAGAR RESERVOIR AND ITS SURROUNDINGS, USING MULTITEMPORAL SATELLITE DATA AND GIS TECHNIQUES","authors":"G. Balamurugan, G. Meiyappa, V. Thirukumaran","year":2012,"doi":"10.5194/isprsarchives-xxxviii-8-w20-184-2011","url":"https://openalex.org/W2039273353","oa_url":"https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XXXVIII-8-W20/184/2011/isprsarchives-XXXVIII-8-W20-184-2011.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"˜The œinternational archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract. Despite the warnings against climate change since the early century, recent human activities are still geared towards enhancing them. Because of climate change coupled by other human activities, natural ecosystems are facing difficulties in coping with the impacts of climate change. The evaluation of the impact of climate change on ecosystems implies studying a multi-component system in which the complexity of links is high enough to present doing it as a whole. Because of this, it is a reasonable approach to study separately the behavior of each element, to be afterwards linked into a general conceptual model for ecosystems behavior. Moreover, in the case of largely regulated region, the main impacts of climatic change will be fluvial-related since those related to the catchment areas will be severely damped by river regulation and management policies. This fact implies that Terrestrial fringes may become the main frontier between the ecosystems and climatic change effects. This paper describes the potential impacts of warming temperatures and changing precipitation on vegetation, wildlife, land use/ land covers, and agricultural ecosystems across the Bhavanisagar Reservoir region centered on Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu. We examine a geographic area that captures much of Reservoir, including a complex mosaic of urbanization and agriculture surrounding the Bhavanisagar Reservoir. The comparative study of land cover and soil status are provided using space images with middle resolution. Multitemporal satellite data provide the capability for mapping and monitoring land cover and land use change, but require the development of accurate and repeatable techniques that can be extended to a broad range of environments and conditions. The Landsat TM and ETM+ and SRTM-DEM images are included in analysis. The unsupervised and supervised classifications are applied for determination of different types of land cover. The research present here has focus on devising a simple and operational rule-based approach to map land cover changes, based on the classification of Landsat imagery and the conceptual analysis of the information regarding change detection. The use of ancillary GIS data such as Digital Elevation Model, existing thematic maps and the knowledge of the ecosystem dynamics, formed the basis for setting the rules for the post-processing of the classified Multitemporal images that led to a more accurate assessment and mapping of land cover changes. The above framework has proved to be a promising and practical approach in order to quantify, understand, conceptualize and better present the dynamics of land cover/use changes in Terrestrial Ecosystems."},{"kind":"article","title":"Magnetic fabrics in characterization of magma emplacement and tectonic evolution of the Moyar Shear Zone, South India","authors":"P. Pratheesh, V. Prasannakumar, K. R. Praveen","year":2012,"doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2012.04.004","url":"https://openalex.org/W2061206306","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000618/pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Geoscience Frontiers","citations":13,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Moyar Shear Zone (MSZ) of the South Indian granulite terrain hosts a prominent syenite pluton (∼560 Ma) and associated NW-SE to NE-SW trending mafic dyke swarm (∼65 Ma and 95 Ma). Preliminary magnetic fabric studies in the mafic dykes, using Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibly (AMS) studies at low-field, indicate successive emplacement and variable magma flow direction. Magnetic lineation and foliation in these dykes are identical to the mesoscopic fabrics in MSZ mylonites, indicating shear zone guided emplacement. Spatial distribution of magnetic lineation in the dykes suggests a common conduit from which the source magma has been migrated. The magnetic foliation trajectories have a sigmoidal shape to the north of the pluton and curve into the MSZ suggesting dextral sense of shear. Identical fabric conditions for magnetic fabrics in the syenite pluton and measured field fabrics in mylonite indicate syntectonic emplacement along the Proterozoic crustal scale dextral shear zone with repeated reactivation history."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Biomethanated Distillery Spentwash on Quality and Nutrient parameters of Maize Grown on Entisol","authors":"P. Latha, P. Thangavel, R.S. Arvind Bharani, R. Sivakumar","year":2012,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100080","url":"https://openalex.org/W292801178","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/99-4-6-335-337.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field Experiment was carried out during 2009 in the farmer’s field at Sathyamangalam, Erode with the objective to assess the effect of liquid distillery effluent as irrigation water on grain quality (reducing sugars, protein and starch) and nutrient uptake (N, P, K Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) of maize. Treatments consisted of 50, 100 and 150 kilo l per ha of the biomethanated distillery spentwash along with recommended dose of fertilizers with and without potassium. Results of the field experiment revealed that the application of biomethanated distillery spentwash @ 100 kilo l per ha with recommended dose of NPK or NP (without K) significantly increased the grain protein content and nutrient uptake of maize over recommended dose of fertilizers."},{"kind":"article","title":"Elephant Elephas maximus Linnaeus (Proboscidea: Elephantidae) migration paths in the Nilgiri Hills, India in the late 1970s","authors":"E R C Davidar, Peter Davidar, Priya Davidar, Jean‐Philippe Puyravaud","year":2012,"doi":"10.11609/jott.o3008.3284-93","url":"https://openalex.org/W2111774767","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/1318/2395","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":9,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The study presented was carried out in 1978 with the support of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group (AsESG) of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC). Its objective was to investigate the impediments to elephant movement in the Nilgiri Hills, in the Western Ghats of India, in an attempt to suggest positive steps to encourage movement through the provision of corridors. The report was left unpublished, but given its importance as a reference document for the conservation of the Asian elephant in the Nilgiris, in 2011 the last two authors decided to publish it. The process of habitat fragmentation has been going on ever since man started agriculture. But this problem has, of late, become much more acute due to mounting pressure on land. The corridor concept applied to wildlife is the provision of a free and, as far as possible, unimpeded way for the passage of wild animals between two wildlife zones. A corridor’s more important function is to prevent wild animals from getting isolated in small pocket-like islands. Maintaining elephant habitat connectivity in and around the Nilgiris rests upon the understanding that elephant populations of the several protected areas of the now Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve must remain active. The first author surveyed the Nilgiris on foot and on elephant back for several months in 1978. It was concluded that four areas (the Nilgiri north slopes and Deccan Plateau, the south and southeastern slopes, the Gudalur Plateau, and the upper plateau) harboured together 10 corridors that needed to be maintained, or restored, or even partially restored."},{"kind":"article","title":"Natural Colonization of Australian Ladybird Beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant in Papaya Plantation infested with Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink in Tamil Nadu","authors":"M. Kalayanasundaram, M. Mani, C. Shivaraju","year":2012,"doi":"10.18311/jbc/2012/3488","url":"https://openalex.org/W2941399912","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Biological Control","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The role of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri as an effective predator of Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink was often doubtful. Natural colonisation of C. montrouzieri was observed on papaya at Sathyamangalam (Tamil Nadu). The number of larvae were 18 to 30 per leaf. The massive colonisation of C. montrouzieri , will help in its effective utilisation against P. marginatus ."},{"kind":"article","title":"INCIDENCE OF ENDOPARASITISM IN FREE- RANGING ELEPHANTS OF TAMILNADU STATE","authors":"Madras Veterinary","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2183290168","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An assessment of the incidence of endoparasitis m in fr ee-ranging elephants of T amil Nadu state at Mudumalai, Anamalai and Sathyamangalam for est was undertaken. T wenty five dung samples wer e collected fr om each ar ea and stor ed in 10% formalin. Fecal examination was carried out by sedimentation technique and eggs per gram of feces was ascertained for individual parasitic load. Evidences of S tr ongyle, S tr ongyloides sp., Anoplocephala sp., Bivitellobilharzia sp., and mixed infections wer e observed in all the samples. EPG r evealed mild to moderate amount of infections in the samples. Significant differ ence was obser ved in the samples fr om Anamalai and Sathyamangalam r egion."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of plant diversity in different forest types and impact of forest fire in Sathyamangalam tiger reserve using geomatics","authors":"M. Sathya","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2913814758","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Elephant schistosome (Bivitellobilharzia nairi) in Free-ranging Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) of Sathyamangalam Forest Division of Tamil Nadu State","authors":"P.G. Vimalraj, M.G. Jayathangaraj, R. Sridhar, T.M.A. Senthilkumar, A. Latchumikanthan","year":2012,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2213035113","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Veterinary Parasitology","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Examination of drug samples of free-ranging Indian elephants from Sathyamangalam-Erode forest division of Tamil Nadu state revealed the presence of elephant schistosome Bivitellobilharzia nairi characterized by spindle shaped egg with a terminal spine. During the period from February to June, 2010, a total of fifty dung samples were screened for endoparasites, of which Strongyloides sp. eggs were predominantly detected in 29 samples, strongyles were detected in 12 samples, Bivitellobilharzia sp. in 2 samples and mixed infection of strongyles with Strongyloides sp. were detected in 7 samples."},{"kind":"article","title":"Tiger presence in a hitherto unsurveyed jungle of India–the Sathyamangalam forests","authors":"P. Anuradha Reddy, A.K. Kumaraguru, Jyotsna Bhagavatula, Digpal Singh Gour, Maradani Bhavanishankar, Mriganka Shekhar Sarkar, Katakam Harika, Sk. Md. Hussain","year":2012,"doi":"10.1007/s10592-012-0326-1","url":"https://openalex.org/W2019828018","oa_url":null,"licence":"http://www.springer.com/tdm","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Conservation Genetics","citations":10,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Biligiri Tiger reserve: include Soligas in conservation plan","authors":"Ashish Kothari, Nitin Rai","year":2011,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2768839970","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ATREE Digital Repository","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Protesting against the proposal of the Karnataka forest department to notify the Biligiri Hills as a Tiger Reserve, the resident Soliga adivasis have instead proposed a community-based tiger conservation model."},{"kind":"article","title":"Pogostemon rajendranii - Lamiaceae, a new species from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"Sasi Ramasamy, Sivalingam Ramamoorthy","year":2011,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2188257691","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"International audience"},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethnobotanically important trees and their uses by Kattunaikka tribe in Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India","authors":"M. K. Ratheesh Narayanan, S. Mithunlal, P. Sujanapal, N. Anil Kumar, M. Sivadasan, Ahmed Alfarhan, Abdulrahman A. Alatar","year":2011,"doi":"10.5897/jmpr.9000599","url":"https://openalex.org/W2165697445","oa_url":"https://hwww.academicjournals.org/article/article1380733796_Narayanan et al.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","citations":21,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, situated in the Wayanad revenue district of Kerala, India falls under Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve on the Western Ghats. Floristic and ethnobotanical studies in the sanctuary resulted in the documentation of a total of 75 taxa of trees of ethnobotanical importance, and their uses by Kattunaikka tribe residing within the sanctuary are recorded. The potentialities of the medicinal properties of the trees are important and could be explored and utilized in the pharmaceutical industry.\r\n\r\n\t \r\n\r\n\tKey words: Ethnobotany, ethnomedicinal plants, India, Kattunaikka, Kerala, traditional knowledge."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nesting requirements of the rock bee Apis dorsata in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Pratim Roy, Robert Leo, Sumin George Thomas, Simon G. Potts, Anita Varghese, Krishna Prasad Sharma, S. Kiran Prasad, Nicola Bradbear","year":2011,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W117504275","oa_url":"http://www.tropecol.com/volumes/toc/en/toc52_3_e.htm","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Togel SGP Pools merupakan pasaran yang paling populer di kalangan pemain togel singapore di indonesia. Di pasaran togel sgp ini juga tersedia hasil keluaran sgp dan pengeluaran sgp tercepat dan pastinya berasal dari hasil result sgp yang terpercanya."},{"kind":"article","title":"Density of tiger and leopard in a tropical deciduous forest of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India, as estimated using photographic capture–recapture sampling","authors":"Riddhika Kalle, Tharmalingam Ramesh, Qamar Qureshi, Kalyanasundaram Sankar","year":2011,"doi":"10.1007/s13364-011-0038-9","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-011-0038-9","oa_url":null,"licence":"http://www.springer.com/tdm","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Acta Theriologica","citations":66,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Insect communities associated with the fruiting bodies of wood decaying macro fungi in Rajiv Gandhi National Park, Nagarahole (Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Karnataka)","authors":"P. Sarasija, O. K. Remadevi","year":2011,"doi":"10.1007/s13196-012-0042-y","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13196-012-0042-y","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates in annual crops, agroforestry and forest ecosystems in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve of Western Ghats, India","authors":"P. Mujeeb Rahman, R. V. Varma, G. W. Sileshi","year":2011,"doi":"10.1007/s10457-011-9386-3","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9386-3","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Agroforestry Systems","citations":35,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Influences of age on the prevalence of Parasitic infections among donkeys in Erode district, Tamilnadu, India","authors":"R Chitra, S Rajendran, D Kirubakaran","year":2011,"doi":"10.5455/vetworld.4.258","url":"https://doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.4.258","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Veterinary World","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on Emotional Intelligence for Women’s with Special Reference to Erode District","authors":", S. Kalaivani S. Kalaivani, S. Kavitha S. Kavitha","year":2011,"doi":"10.15373/2249555x/june2013/113","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/113","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Applied Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Study on MbA Students Awareness on Entrepreneurship in Erode District,Tamilnadu,India","authors":", Dr.G.R.Vasantha Kumar, M.GOMATHI M.GOMATHI","year":2011,"doi":"10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/113","url":"https://doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/113","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Applied Research","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Vulnerable Earthworm Species Identified from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Mahesh Mohan, M.S. Shylesh Chandra ., E.V. Ramasamy .","year":2011,"doi":"10.3923/ijzr.2011.410.413","url":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ijzr.2011.410.413","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal of Zoological Research","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Seed scarification studies in certain medicinal plants inhibiting the grasslands of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats","authors":", D. Suresh, S. Manorama, ","year":2011,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.004.003.006","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.004.003.006","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of Irrigation Systems for Cost Reduction in Wide Spaced Sugarcane","authors":"G. Thiyagarajan, M. Vijayakumar, P. Selvaraj, V. K. Duraisamy, Maged M. Yassin","year":2011,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2254143074","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72272ae68adf46209f50aaa1b50c3719","licence":"cc-by-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the irrigation systems for cost reduction in wide spaced sugarcane during 2000-2004. The results revealed that, drip irrigation at 60% PE with one lateral row-1 significantly recorded higher sugarcane yield of 164.8 t ha-1 with enhanced water use efficiency of 166.1 kg ha-1 mm-1 and highest net returns of ` 83,650 ha-1. Among the surface irrigation treatments, irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio recorded the maximum yield of 140.1 t ha-1 with a WUE of 90.7 kg ha-1 mm-1."},{"kind":"article","title":"Moisture movement and nitrogen distribution in onion under drip fertigation in sandy loam soil","authors":"G. Vijayakumar, D. Tamilmani, P. Selvaraj, Kiran Ramaswamy","year":2011,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2247648018","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Soil Conservation","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 2007 and 2008 to study the moisture movement and nitrogen distribution in onion crop under sandy loam soil. The mean moisture contents just before irrigation at various lateral distances from emitter indicated that moisture content was high in 30-45 cm depth near emitter compared to 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths and moisture contents decreased as distance from emitter increased. The maximum nitrogen concentration was recorded in drip irrigation at 75 % of PE with fertigation of 125 % of recommended nitrogen at 15-30 cm depth at all the lateral distances compared to 0-15 cm depth."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Mycorrhiza, Nitrogen and Phosphoruson Growth, Yield and Economics of Hybrid Maize","authors":"Mohamed Amanullah M, T Ananthi, K. S. Subramanian, P. Muthukrishnan","year":2011,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100243","url":"https://openalex.org/W4377084294","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/98-1-3-62-66.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during kharif 2009 to study the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer levels on the yield and grain quality of hybrid maize under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. Four fertilizer levels viz., 200:100:100, 150:100:100, 200:75:100 and 150:75:100 NPK kg ha-1 were the treatments under factor 'A'. Two mycorrhizal treatments viz., no inoculation of mycorrhiza (control) (M - ) and inoculation of mycorrhiza (M + ) were included under factor 'B'. The results revealed that among the fertilizer levels, 200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 and among the mycorrhizal treatments, mycorrhizal inoculation recorded taller plants, higher number of leaves, LAI, DMP, grain yield and BC ratio. However the yield was comparable with 200:75:100 NPK kg ha-1. Regarding the treatment combinations, eventhough higher CGR and RGR were recorded under fertilizer level of 200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 and inoculation of mycorrhiza, application of 150:75:100 NPK kg ha-1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation recorded significantly better growth, yield and BC ratio of maize hybrid."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Fertilizer Levels and Mycorrhiza on RootColonization, Root Attributes and Yield of Hybrid Maize","authors":"T Ananthi, Mohamed Amanullah M, K. S. Subramanian","year":2011,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100242","url":"https://openalex.org/W122572086","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/98-1-3-56-61.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during kharif 2009 to study the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer levels on root growth and grain yield of hybrid maize under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. Four fertilizer levels viz., 200:100:100, 150:100:100, 200:75:100 and 150:75:100 NPK kg ha -1 were the treatments under factor 'A'. Two mycorrhizal treatments viz., no inoculation of mycorrhiza (control) (M - ) and inoculation of mycorrhiza (M + ) were included under factor 'B'. The results revealed that the root parameters such as root length, root volume, root dry mass, root- shoot ratio and root colonization were higher under 200:100:100 NPK kg ha-1 and inoculation of mycorrhiza. Regarding the treatment combinations, application of 150:75:100 NPK kg ha -1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation recorded significantly better root parameters. With regard to the yield, 200:100:100 NPK kg ha -1 recorded the highest grain and stover yield (6,494 and 9,894 kg ha-1 , respectively). Among the mycorrhiza, mycorrhizal inoculated treatments recorded the highest grain and stover yield (6,736 and 10,041 kg ha -1 , respectively). Regarding the treatment combinations, application of 150:75:100 NPK kg ha -1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation recorded the highest grain and stover yield."},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance Evaluation of Fertigation of N and K on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Turmeric through Drip Irrigation","authors":"G. Thiyagarajan, M. Vijayakumar, P. Selvaraj, V. K. Duraisamy, Maged M. Yassin","year":2011,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2268130662","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e8dfa1919bdf49cdb97f2f07cf51d8ce","licence":"cc-by-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Ag­ricultural University, Bhavanisagar (India) during 2004-05 and 2005-06 to study the effect of drip irrigation and N and K fertigation on the yield and water use efficiency of turmeric. The results revealed that drip irrigation at 80 and 60% of PE once in 2 days and fertigation levels of 125, 100 and 75% of N and K produced higher yields (32.9 to 41.96) t ha-1 during first and second crop) which were superior over other levels of irrigation. Irrigation water saving of 34 and 46% during 2004-05 and 21 and 34% during 2005-06, respectively were recorded in drip irrigation at 80 and 60% PE. Water use efficiency in drip irrigation treatments were 51.34, 56.85 and 62.70 kg ha-1 mm-1 during 2004-05 with 40, 45 and 47% during 2005-06 in drip irrigation at 80, 60 and 40% PE once in 2 days, respectively as compared to 25.11 and 22.00 kg ha-1 mm-1 in surface irrigation with increased B/C ratio of 3.69 to 4.16. Irrigating at 60% PE will produce profitable yield as compared to other treatments"},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of Fertilizer Levels and Mycorrhiza on Yield Attributes, Yield and Grain Quality of Hybrid Maize","authors":"T Ananthi, Mohamed Amanullah M, K. S. Subramanian","year":2011,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100313","url":"https://openalex.org/W2206577005","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/98-10-12-362-366.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during kharif 2009 to study the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer levels on the yield and grain quality of hybrid maize under irrigated condition. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. Four fertilizer levels viz., 200:100:100, 150:100:100, 200:75:100 and 150:75:100 NPK kg ha -1 were the treatments under factor 'A'. Two mycorrhizal treatments viz., no inoculation of mycorrhiza (control) (M - ) and inoculation of mycorrhiza (M + ) were included under factor 'B'. The results revealed that application of 200:100:100 NPK kg ha -1 recorded higher yield attributes, yield and higher crude protein content. Among the mycorrhiza, mycorrhizal inoculated treatments recorded higher grain and stover yield. Regarding the treatment combinations, application of 150: 75:100 NPK kg ha -1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation recorded significantly higher yield parameters and yield. However, the yield was comparable with 200:75:100 NPK kg ha -1 along with mycorrhizal inoculation. Higher dose of NPK resulted in higher crude protein content but starch content showed a declining trend."},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance of Early Post-Emergence Herbicide in Irrigated Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill)","authors":"C Sangeetha, C. Chinnusamy, N. K. Prabhakaran","year":2011,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100262","url":"https://openalex.org/W2310997517","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/98-4-6-144-146.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of early post emergence herbicide, imazethapyr against weeds in irrigated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Weeds, viz., Dactyloctenium aegypticum, Acrach ne racemosa, Cyperus rotundus, Boerhaavia diffusa, Digera arvensis, Parthenium hysterophorous were the dominant weeds in the experimental field. Imazethapyr at 100 and 200 g ha-1 applied on 15 DAS provided 87 to 91 % weed control efficiency compared to unweeded control. However, imazethapyr at 200 g ha -1 had slight phytotoxicity on soybean in the initial stages. Higher grain yield of 1645 kg ha-1 was obtained with application of imazethapyr 100 g ha -1 ."},{"kind":"article","title":"Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in the Bhavani Basin using the Swat Model","authors":"A. Lakshmanan, V. Geethalakshmi, D. Rajalakshmi, K. Bhuvaneswari, Raghavan Srinivasan, G. Sridhar, Nagothu Udaya Sekhar, H. Annamalai","year":2011,"doi":"10.13031/2013.40623","url":"https://openalex.org/W2006441507","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Applied Engineering in Agriculture","citations":20,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present study aims to assess the impacts of climate change on hydrology and rice yield in the Bhavani Basin of India using the SWAT model. The investigation indicates that SWAT can be applied under a changing climate as a decision support tool for framing adaptation strategies such as altering the method of cultivation by changing water and fertilizer management. Climate change scenarios were developed using the RegCM3 model with EH5OM GCM output for an A1B scenario. The RegCM3 model tended to slightly underestimate the maximum and minimum temperatures. The generated daily climate data were used in the SWAT model for assessing the impact on hydrology and rice productivity of the river basin for a continuous time period of 130 years (1971-2100). To validate the SWAT model, predicted rice yields for the Bhavani Basin over a period of 11 years (1999-2009) were compared with the observed rice yields of Erode district in which the Bhavani Basin is located and the results indicated the satisfactory performance of the model."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Unified Model of Neoarchean-Proterozoic Convergence and Rifting of Indian Cratons: Geophysical Constraints","authors":"Dinesh Chandra Mishra","year":2011,"doi":"10.4236/ijg.2011.24063","url":"https://openalex.org/W2012281423","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2011.24063","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"International Journal of Geosciences","citations":22,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Neoarchean and Proterozoic sutures and collision zones are identified in the Indian Peninsular Shield based on high seismic velocity; gravity highs and high conductivity in the upper crust due to thrusting while subducted side are demarcated based on geophysical signatures of crustal thickening and back arc type basins. Some of them appear to form triple junctions. The Bouguer anomaly map of the south Indian shield when transformed to apparent density map through harmonic inversion, provided high density linear zones coinciding with the shear zone and the transition zone-the Moyar Bhavani Shear Zone (MBSZ) between the Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC) and the Western Dharwar Craton (WDC) and the Dharwar cratons and the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT), respectively. It is supported by high seismic velocity and high conductivity suggesting them to be caused by high grade granulite rocks related to Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic sutures and collision zones. These investigations also suggest thick crust (~40 -50 km) under the WDC and the SGT forming crustal root of 50 -52 km in the south western part and thin crust of 31 -32 km under the EDC indicating direction of convergence and subduction as E-W and N-S between the EDC and the WDC and Dharwar cratons and the SGT, respectively. It gave rise to contemporary lower crustal granulite rocks in the northern part of the SGT and Cauvery shear zone (CSZ) as collision related central core complex of various deep seated intrusive rocks of Paleo-Mesoproterozoic period. The second case belonging to Meso-proterozoic period is related to the collision of the Bundelkhand craton and the Bhandara-Bastar craton (BBC) and the Dharwar craton (DC) in Central India along the Satpura Mobile Belt (SMB) and the BBC and the DC along the Godavari Proterozoic Belt due to N-S and NE-SW convergences, respectively. This process has given rise to lower crustal granulite rocks of high density, high velocity and high conductivity along the SMB and the GPB. An upper mantle conductor delineated south of the western part of the SMB under Deccan Volcanic Province and a regional gravity gradient almost sub parallel to it indicate an interface with fluids separating rocks of different densities that appears to demarcate the trace of the Proterozoic subduction and suture related to the SMB collision zone during Mesoproterozoic period. High reflectivity of the lower crust along seismic profiles across the SMB indicate an extensional phase prior to this convergence. The SMB is connected to the Aravalli Delhi Mobile Belt (ADMB) in the western part that is another collision zone of Meso-proterozoic period, forming an arcuate shaped collision zone between the Bundelkhand craton and Rajasthan block with E-W convergence. There are indications of a prior phase of convergence during Paleo-Proterozoic period followed by rifting during Paleo-Meso-proterozoic period (~1.9 -1.6 Ga) along the SMB, the ADMB and the GPB that gave rise to large scale contemporary intrusive in these sections. The contemporary Mahakoshal-Bijawar and Pakhal group of rocks of Paleo Proterozoic period (~1.9 -1.6 Ga) were deposited over the rifted platform of the Bundelkhand craton along the SMB and cratons along the GPB, respectively during the extensional phase as suggested above based on high reflectivity of the lower crust. It is followed by deposition of the Vindhyan sediments of Meso-Neoproterozoic period (~1.6 -0.7 Ga) along the SMB and the ADMB as foreland basins during Meso-Neoproterozoic convergence. Simultaneous N-S and E-W directed convergences in the two cases, viz., the SMB and the ADMB that are connected forming an arcuate shaped collision zone suggest NE-SW directed primary stress direction similar to the GPB that is supported by NW-SE oriented large lineaments in Bundelkhand craton and Peninsular shield. The Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt (EGMB) also shows signatures of E-W or NE-SW directed Mesoproterozoic (~1.5 -1.0 Ga) D. C. MISHRA"},{"kind":"article","title":"Some aspects of the ecology of the Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica (Erxleben, 1777) in the tropical forests of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India and their conservation implications","authors":"Nagarajan Baskaran, S. Venkatesan, J. Mani, Sanjay Srivastava, Ajay A. Desai","year":2011,"doi":"10.11609/jott.o2593.1899-908","url":"https://openalex.org/W2140627629","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/download/1204/2178","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":20,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa indica, an endemic species to India, is widely distributed from the evergreen to moist and dry deciduous forests of Western and Eastern Ghats and the central Indian hills. We studied its population distribution, activity, feeding, ranging and nesting behaviour across three major habitats in the tropical forests of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India, during 1998-2000 to manage the species effectively. Extensive survey of the three major habitats—tropical moist, dry deciduous and dry thorn—in the sanctuary shows that its distribution is continuous in moist and dry deciduous forests with good canopy contiguity and patchy along riverine areas in dry thorn and dry deciduous forests with sparse trees and broken canopy. Density estimates using 55 direct sightings from 199 km line transects show a mean of 2.9 (plus or minus 0.313) squirrels/km2. Daylight activity and feeding patterns assessed through 24,098 minutes of focal sampling reveal that animals feed and rest equal amounts of time. The diet constitutes seeds, bark, petioles, leaves and fruits from 25 plants, with Tectona grandis as the principal food source (41%). Its home range size varied from 0.8-1.7 ha with a mean of 1.3ha. Nesting characteristics assessed through 83 nests surveyed along 54km transects showed that the squirrel uses 15 of the 33 tree species found, with higher preference to Schleichera oleosa and Mangifera indica. Nest trees are significantly larger in height, gbh and canopy contiguity than nearest non-nest trees, which are attributed to better protection and escape from predators. Maintenance of diverse natural habitats and reduction in anthropogenic pressure are measures suggested for the conservation of giant squirrel populations in the study area."},{"kind":"article","title":"Prevalence and disease management with reference to anthrax in the Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) in the Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India – A case study","authors":"A.K. Kumaraguru, Srividya Ramasubramanian, District Forest Officer, Nilgiri North Forest Division, Mount Stuwart Hill, Tamil Nadu, India, N.S. Manoharan, B. Ramakrishnan","year":2011,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.005.001.007","url":"https://openalex.org/W2740326928","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.005.001.007","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Environment and Technovation","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Artificial groundwater recharge studies in Sathyamangalam and Melur villages of Kulathur taluk, Pudukottai district, Chennai, using GIS techniques","authors":"R. Nirmala, M. H. Shankara, D. Nagaraju, Chinnaiah","year":2011,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1559887405","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Journal on Environmental Sciences","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In recent days south India in general is facing lot of water shortage both for irrigation and domestic consumption purposes. In this regard the ground water plays a vital role in overcoming this shortage. Since, the over exploitation of ground water without proper recharge mechanism and scanty rainfall, the water table of the open or dug wells in the region are being gone into deeper parts of the surface and many a times even some of them were dried up. In order to increase the level of the water table of the region it was necessary to adopt newer methods of ground water recharge. Presently the sophisticated GIS technique was a very useful tool in order to assess, monitor and plan suitable way of ground water utilization. Recharging began in Europe early in 19th century and in United States near the end of the century, since then recharge installations have steadily increased throughout the world. As part of research work we undertook the GIS studies on the satyamangalam and melur villages of kulathur taluk, Tamilnadu as study area. Using the available geo-reference map of the region we have digitized and analyzed to create the drainage pattern, elevation model and slope pattern of the region. Based on the lithology and topography of the area we have proposed some of the suitable methods of recharge. This is in order to overcome the water shortage and to improve the storage capacity of the ground water aquifer as well as increase the level of the ground water table."},{"kind":"article","title":"Observations on some ethnomedicinal plants in Sathyamangalam forests of Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"A. Poongodi, S. Thilagavathi, Vivekanandhan Aravindhan, A. Rajendran","year":2011,"doi":"10.5897/jmpr.9000942","url":"https://openalex.org/W2113486526","oa_url":"https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380731736_Poongodi et al.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","citations":23,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The present paper accentuate the valuable ethnomedicinal data of 65 plant species used by the tribes ‘Irulas and Soligas’ along with botanical name, vernacular name, family, part (s) used, mode of administration and diseases. Modern pharmaceutical industry requires such plants as human healthcare is gaining momentum day by day but the folk claims need to be cross-checked by carrying out detailed pharmacological studies.\r\n\r\n\t \r\n\r\n\tKey words: Traditional knowledge, folk remedies, Irulas and Soligas, Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"Prey Selection and Food Habits of Large Carnivores: Tiger Panthera Tigris, Leopard Panthera pardus and Dhole cuon alpinus in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu","authors":"T., Ramesh","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/11821720.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/11821720.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Not availabl"},{"kind":"article","title":"Conserving Biodiversity in Protected Area of Biodiversity Hotspot in India: A Case Study","authors":"Sunil Nautiyal, ‪Rama Rao Nidamanuri","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1538898954","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The hotspots are the world’s most biologically rich areas hence recognized as important ecosystems not important only for the rich biodiversity but equally important for the human survival as these are the homes for more than 20% of the world’s population. India got recognition of one of the mega-diversity countries of world as the country is home of the two important biodiversity hotspots: the Himalaya in north and the Western Ghats in the southern peninsula. Policy makers and decision takers have recognized the importance of biodiversity (flora and fauna) and this has resulted to segregate (in the form of protected areas) the rich and diverse landscape for biodiversity conservation. An approach which leads towards conservation of biological diversity is good efforts but such approaches should deal with humans equally who are residing in biodiversity hotspots since time immemorial. In this endeavor, a study was conducted in Nagarahole National Park of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, in Karnataka. Our empirical studies reveal that banning all the human activities in this ecosystem including agriculture, animal husbandry has produced the results opposite to the approach ‘multiple values’ of national park. To monitor the impact, existing policies have been tested from an economic and ecological view-point. Unfortunately, the local livelihoods (most of them belongs to indigenous tribes) in the area have received setbacks due to the implementation of the policies, though unintentionally. However, the ecological perspective is also not showing support for the approach and framework of the current policies in the hotspots. Satellite data showed that the temporal pattern of ecosystem processes has been changing. An integrated approach for ecosystem conservation and strengthening local institutions for sustainable ecosystem management in such areas is therefore supported by this study."},{"kind":"article","title":"Conservation of an endemic medicinal plant, Anaphalis eliptica DC. by employing plant tissue culture technique","authors":"P. Senthilkumar, S Paulsamy","year":2010,"doi":"10.31018/jans.v2i1.87","url":"https://openalex.org/W2220169733","oa_url":"https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/download/87/65","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The plant species, Anaphalis elliptica DC. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal herb endemic to high hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats. The in vitro propagation study of this species by using leaf, node and shoot tip explants, revealed the following results: Among the three explants used, leaf and node responded well for callus and shoot initiations respectively. The leaf explant produced callus effectively (91%) in the MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA at 2.5 and 0.3 mg/l respectively, whereas the nodal explant produced higher amount of shoots (92%) in the basal medium containing the growth regulator, BAP alone at 3.0 mg/l. The leaf derived callus produced higher (80%) shoot initials and shoot multiplication in the MS medium augmented with BAP and NAA at 3.0 and 0.5mg/l respectively. Similarly, the in vitro nodal derived shoots produced higher shoot multiplication (87%) in MS medium supplemented with BAP at 3.0mg/l. The regenerated shoots of both the explants were successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA and NAA at 1.0mg/l each. After sequential hardening the leaf callus derived plantlets registered higher survivability rate (80%) in the hardening medium containing decomposed coir waste, perlite and compost in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume. Similarly, the survivability rate of nodal derived plantlets was higher (84%) in the hardening medium composed by vermicompost and soil in the ratio of 1:1 by volume."},{"kind":"article","title":"Phenological observation and population dynamics of six uncommon medicinal plants in the grasslands of Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India","authors":"Subramaniam Paulsamy","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2184200372","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f70cca14f56481e8035675171ae3f61","licence":"cc-by-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":9,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Phenological observation and a population density study for six uncommon medicinal plant species were made in four grasslands in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, viz. Thiashola, Korakundah, Ebbenadu and Wenlockdown, at monthly intervals from April 2007 to March 2008. The six plant species were Anaphalis elliptica DC. (Compositae), Ceropegia pusilla Wight & Arn. (Asclepiadaceae), Hedyotis articularis R. Br. ex G. Don (Rubiaceae), Heracleum rigens Walli. ex DC. (Umbelliferae), Leucas vestita Benth. (Lamiaceae) and Luzula campestris (L.) DC. (Juncaceae). Generally, all six species exhibited peak bud formation between February and May and bud break in June. Most of the leaves were produced in a single flush. Leaf expansion continued up to August in L. vestita. Flowering phenophase was observed from July to October, but in A. elliptica it extended to December. The active period of fruit formation occurred during August to December for all species except A. elliptica, which was during January and February. Seed maturation and seed dispersal happened during December - February for all the species except A. elliptica which happened during May-June. The study of population dynamics shows that there was a net decrease in the population of A. elliptica, L. vestita and L. campestris over a period of one year at Korakundah, Ebbenadu and Wenlockdown grasslands. C. pusilla, H. articularis and H. rigens maintained their populations at the same level in the respective grasslands without any major change during the study period."},{"kind":"article","title":"A note on the occurrence of Bombax scopulorum Dunn. - a lesser known 'Ilavu' species in Silent Valley National Park (a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve), Palakkad district, Kerala State.","authors":"S.A. Kader","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2266367480","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND TAXONOMIC BOTANY","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Feeding ecology of the Asian Elephant Elephas maximus Linnaeus in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Southern India","authors":"Nagarajan Baskaran, M. Balasubramanian, S. Swaminathan, Ajay A. Desai","year":2010,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13452611","url":"https://openalex.org/W2181968700","oa_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/289928","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","citations":52,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Systematic studies on the grasses of Velliangiri hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India-with special reference to Indian endemics","authors":", M. Murugesan, V. Balasubramaniam, , K.A.A. Kabeer, ","year":2010,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.003.004.001","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.003.004.001","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Nature‐based tourism in Indian protected areas: New challenges for park management","authors":"Krithi K. Karanth, Ruth DeFries","year":2010,"doi":"10.1111/j.1755-263x.2010.00154.x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2108294169","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2010.00154.x","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Conservation Letters","citations":120,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract Previous research indicates that numbers of visits to protected areas (PAs) are declining in wealthy countries while foreign visitation is increasing in less‐wealthy countries. We focus on India to discern trends and implications of nature‐based tourism in an emerging economy. We interviewed 91% of tourist facilities around 10 PAs to assess visitation, employment, and practices. Average growth rate was 14.9% (from −7% in Bandipur to 44% in Periyar from 2002 to 2008) and 80% are domestic tourists. Many facilities (72% post 2000) are recently constructed and 85% occur within 5 km of PAs. Clustering of facilities in some PAs might facilitate easier management of resource use and establishment of best practice guidelines. Contributions of facilities to local employment are marginal. Rules governing entry of people and vehicles vary widely. Domestic nature‐based tourism potentially generates public support for conservation but adds to existing challenges of managing PAs already facing pressure from livelihood needs of local populations. Based on these trends, the increasing middle class in India is likely to generate future demand for nature‐based tourism counter to trends in industrialized countries. There is urgent need for establishing and enforcing regulations to manage tourists, resource use, and land‐use change around PAs."},{"kind":"article","title":"Occurrence of Some Rare, Endangered and Red Listed Endemic Plants in Velliangiri Hills, a Part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"M. Murugesan, V. Balasubramaniam","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W29259817","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present paper highlights the occurrence of 31 species of very little known rare, endangered and red listed endemic plants in Velliangiri hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. These species are ecologically very important since they are strictly endemic and confined only to the hills of southern Western Ghats. Correct nomenclature, family, brief description together with phenological, distributional data, specimen examined and IUCN status are given for each species to facilitate further collection and easy identification."},{"kind":"article","title":"Description of two new species of the genus Fimbristylis Vahl. (Cyperaceae) from Velliangiri Hills, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"M. Murugesan, V. Balasubramaniam, Niranjan Nagarajan","year":2010,"doi":"10.11609/jott.o2422.1379-81","url":"https://openalex.org/W2326277623","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT/article/download/577/999","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"We describe two new species of the genus Fimbristylis Vahl. (Cyperaceae) viz. Fimbristylis matthewii and F. velliangiriensis from Velliangiri Hills in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve located in the Western Ghats area of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. F. matthewii is close to F. uliginosa Steud. but differs by the presence of glabrous culms, much thickened culm-base by imbricating old leaf-sheaths, inflorescence terminal and subterminal or pseudolateral; involucral bracts 3-5; spikelets 2-9 (10) together, 15-30 flowered; glumes aristate; arista 0.6-1.2 mm long, sparsely scaberulous on the upper half of upper surface, and on nerves of the keels; nuts sparsely and minutely tuberculate. F. velliangiriensis is close to F. insignis Thw. but differs by the presence of leaves involute, acute at apex; spikelets 0.4-0.8 cm long; involucral bracts 3-5, rarely 8, equal to or longer than spikelets; glumes minutely scaberulous on upper surface, and aristate at apex; anthers with 2-8 ciliate hairy at tip; filaments broadly winged, often with a reddish gland at base; style winged; nut obovoid."},{"kind":"article","title":"Modeling Yield Response of Groundnut to Deficit Irrigation at Different Growth Stages by FAO CROPWAT","authors":"G. Thiyagarajan, Ranghaswami M.V.","year":2010,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100367","url":"https://openalex.org/W139594978","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/97-4-6-145-148.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Deficit irrigation provides a means of reducing water consumption while minimizing adverse effects on yield. Models can play a major role in developing practical recommendations for optimizing crop production under conditions of scarce water supply. To assess the applicability of the FAO CROPWAT model on deficit irrigation scheduling for groundnut, the study was undertaken using data from the field experiments conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu during summer 2005 and Rabi 2005-2006. Procedures were developed to calibrate the various crop parameters based on research findings from the experiment. Observed yield reduction and the predicted yield reduction revealed that the moisture stress imposed during flowering and pod formation stages were more sensitive than other stages. From the analysis, it is concluded that the CROPWAT model can effectively simulate yield reduction as a result of moisture stress imposed by deficit irrigation at various growth stages"},{"kind":"article","title":"Pest Incidence and Yield as Influenced by Intercropping Unconventional Greenmanures in Cotton","authors":"K. Vaiyapuri, Mohamed Amanullah M","year":2010,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100342","url":"https://openalex.org/W1613938092","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/97-1-3-51-57.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India to find out the effect of Intercropping unconventional greenmanures on pest incidence and yield of cotton during the year 2004 -2005 in well drained sandy clay loam soil. Four cropping systems viz, sole cotton, cotton + marigold (Tagetus erecta L.), cotton + sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.) and cotton + sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) were tested (Factor A) in single and double rows (Factor B) incorporating them on 30 and 40 DAS (Factor C). The results revealed that intercropping with marigold in two rows in between cotton rows and incorporating it on 30 DAS had contributed ultimately to less incidence of pests and more kapas and lint yield of cotton securing higher yield advantage in both summer and winter crops Sunnhemp and sesamum had moderate and low effects, respectively on pest incidence."},{"kind":"article","title":"Deficit Irrigation Effects on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with Micro Sprinklers","authors":"G. Thiyagarajan, Ranghaswami M.V., D. Rajakumar, R. Kumaraperumal","year":2010,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.100338","url":"https://openalex.org/W595193563","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/97-1-3-40-42.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar to study the effects of deficit irrigation on groundnut with micro sprinklers. To identify the impact, water_x0002_yield relationship was derived and interpreted. The yield response factor (ky ) ranges from 0.45 and 0.42 (normal irrigation) to 1.72 and 1.70 (full deficit irrigation) for summer and Rabi seasons, respectively. From the results, the pod formation and flowering stages were more sensitive to moisture stress and irrigation during these stages is more important to overcome the yield reduction in groundnut"},{"kind":"article","title":"Irrigation and Fertigation Scheduling under Drip Irrigation in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) Crop","authors":"G. Vijayakumar, D. Tamilmani, P. Selvaraj","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2216522614","oa_url":"http://www.pphouse.org/admin/uploadpdf/6_sept%202010.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":16,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted (Field No. NC-17) at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 2007 and 2008 to maximize the water and fertilizer use efficiency in brinjal crop. The experiments were laid out in factorial randomized block design with nine treatments which included three irrigation levels 100, 75 and 50% of pan evapora­tion (PE) along with three fertigation levels, viz. 125, 100 and 75% of recommended N and K fertigation through drip irrigation and replicated thrice. In brinjal, higher yields (42.33 t ha-1 in I crop and 37.90 t ha-1 in II crop) were recorded in treatment drip irriga­tion at 75% of PE with fertigation of 75% of recommended N and K with maximum shoot length and number of branches plant-1. The highest water use efficiency of 111.5 kg ha-1 mm-1 and N, K use efficiency were recorded in drip irrigation at 75% of PE with fertigation of 75% of recommended N and K. The maximum benefit-cost ratio was noted in drip irrigation at 75% of PE with fertigation of 75% of recommended N and K (2.9 and 2.5, respectively) in both the years of study."},{"kind":"article","title":"moyar : hafin : iþra : byn : reta; Flickor, förrätta era böner väl : social struktur i gotländska runinskrifter under medeltid","authors":"Kajsa Andreasson","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W653385512","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120560","licence":"other-oa","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This paper discusses runic inscriptions from the middle ages on Gotland and how they portray social structure. It focuses on three themes: (1) fixed time and space, (2) women and the nuclear family and (3) profession and social status/structure. It also discusses changes brought on by a more structured and established Christianity, as well as differences between medieval rune stones on Gotland and their predecessors Viking Age rune stones in the Mälar Valley."},{"kind":"article","title":"Is diclofenac the only culprit for declining population of Gyps vultures in the Moyar Valley.","authors":"B. Ramakrishnan, Srividya Ramasubramanian, Saravanan Muniyandy, C. Arivazhagan","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2392053503","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current Science","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Road kill of animals by highway traffic in the tropical forests of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India","authors":"Nagarajan Baskaran, D. Boominathan","year":2010,"doi":"10.11609/jott.o2101.753-9","url":"https://openalex.org/W2159007649","oa_url":"https://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT/article/download/1175/2126","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Threatened Taxa","citations":81,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Highways passing through natural reserves have adverse impact on wild animals. We evaluated the road kill of vertebrate fauna by vehicular traffic on highways at Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India. In a fortnight’s survey over 248km across three public roads and opportunistic sampling method, a minimum of 180 road kills belonging to 40 species of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals were recorded between December 1998 and March 1999. Amphibians were the most affected taxa (53%) of road kills followed by reptiles (22%), mammals (18%); including a leopard (Panthera pardus) and birds (7%). Amphibians and reptiles are slow to react to vehicles and this along with the drivers’ ignorance probably leads to higher mortality among these species. Road kills are significantly higher on highway stretches along rivers than those without water bodies nearby. We suggest the construction of flyovers, speed limits, speed breakers and signposts along the highways to reduce vehicle-caused wildlife mortalities."},{"kind":"article","title":"PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF VERMICOMPOST IN AGRO INDUSTRY","authors":"G. Nithya and M. Lekeshmanaswamy","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2994209616","oa_url":"https://scienceflora.org/journals/index.php/jp/article/view/2090","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"SUMMARY\\nVermicompost was prepared by using the earthworms, Eudrilus eugeniae collected from the Sathyamangalam, Erode district and it is maintained under normal laboratory conditions. The compost was prepared in large amount and the rate of compost was noted for eight months from the months of October 2005 to May 2006. After production of the compost, required amount of compost was taken for the growth of vegetables like Solanum melongena (Brinjal), Capsicum minimum (Chilli), Alysicarpus spinosus (Mullakeerai) and Amaranthus viridis (Pachathandukeerai) were observed using 2kgs of garden soil along with 1kgs of vermicompost (in the ratio 2:1). The results showed higher percentage of biomass production in the vermicompost medium (Experiment) when compared to the garden soil (Control). Due to their short life span some plants in the experimental medium showed high growth rate in short period. \\nKey words: Eudrilus eugeniae, Vermicompost, Solanum melongena, Capsicum minimum, Alysicarpus spinosus, Amaranthus viridis \\nG. Nithya and M. Lekeshmanaswamy. Production and Utilization of Vermicompost in Agro Industry. J Phytol 2/2 (2010) 68-72."},{"kind":"article","title":"Traditional Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Used by the Irula Tribe of Hasanur Hills, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"P Revathi, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W72883468","oa_url":"https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/ebl/vol2010/iss2/4","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale)","citations":63,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the ethnic groups (Irula) in Hasanur Hills (Southern Western Ghats). The tribal communities of Irulas nurture rich knowledge about medicinal plants and its uses. Therefore, we have done an exhaustive ethnobotanical survey in this area. In this present investigation, it is observed that the tribal’s use 70 wild valuable plant species belonging to 42 families were identified with relevant information and documented in this paper with regard to their botanical name, family, local name, parts used and utilization by the local tribal people for different human ailments. The common diseases treated by the herbal practitioner were asthma, digestive problems, paralyzes, skin diseases and diabetes."},{"kind":"reference","title":"TN Forest Dept Management Plan for Sathyamangalam WLS, 2010–2020 (391 pp.)","authors":"The single richest document on this landscape — ranges, beats, checklists, climate, working circles","year":2010,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/8273064/TAMILNADU_FOREST_DEPARTMENT_MANAGEMENT_PLAN_FOR_SATHYAMANGALAM_WILDLIFE_SANCTUARY_2010_TO_2020_","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":1,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"The Ban of NTFP collection for commercial use and effects on cash incomes and livelihoods of the Soligas in BR Hills, India.","authors":"Pernille Sandemose","year":2009,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2189404728","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Indian Neutrino Detector: The Elephant in the Room","authors":"Michael W. Fox","year":2009,"doi":"10.1126/science.323.5920.1427a","url":"https://openalex.org/W2052406880","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Science","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The very serious environmental implications of establishing the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) in Singara within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and in the buffer zone of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (“Indian neutrino detector hits snag on environmental concerns,” P. Bagla, News of the Week, 9 January, p. [197][1]) must be recognized if India is to save its most viable Asian elephant population from extinction. This population has declined so precipitously over the past three decades due to poaching and habitat loss that it is on the verge of collapse ([1][2]). Fully mature Tuskers (bulls) have become very rare in this range. The study of the smallest particles on Earth, neutrinos, should not justify driving the last viable Asian elephant herd and tiger population in India into extinction.\n\n1. 1.[↵][3] 1. R. Bandara\n , South Asia Econ. J. 5, 283 (2004).\n [OpenUrl][4][CrossRef][5]\n\n [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.323.5911.197\n [2]: #ref-1\n [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1. in text\n [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DSouth%2BAsia%2BEcon.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D5%26rft.spage%253D283%26rft.atitle%253DSOUTH%2BASIA%2BECON%2BJ%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1177%252F139156140400500206%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\n [5]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1177/139156140400500206&link_type=DOI"},{"kind":"article","title":"Indian Neutrino Detector: Environmental Costs","authors":"Priya Davidar","year":2009,"doi":"10.1126/science.323.5920.1427b","url":"https://openalex.org/W2315486795","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Science","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"I would like to spell out the environmental costs of building the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) discussed in the News of the Week story “Indian neutrino detector hits snag on environmental concerns” (P. Bagla, 9 January, p. [197][1]). The first foreseeable impact would be a sizable increase in the human population, furthering habitat destruction. Transporting the estimated 630,000 tons of debris and 147,000 tons of construction material would require about 156,000 truck trips through a vital protected area. INO would require 320,000 liters of water per day, further draining a drought-prone region. The Environmental Impact Assessment ([1][2]) upon which this project was approved was not based on scientific data and is widely acknowledged as being seriously flawed ([2][3]).\n\nThe international scientific community should be aware that the INO project is not site specific—in theory, a neutrino observatory can be located in any underground site with sufficient rock cover. There was no attempt to find suitable sites in less critical areas. The INO team limited its search to only two sites: Rammam in Darjeeling and Singara in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Because Rammam is in an area of higher seismic activity, the team selected Singara.\n\n1. 1.[↵][4] 1. P. A. Azeez, 2. S. Bhupathy, 3. P. Balasubramanian, 4. R. Chandra, 5. P. P. Nikhilraj\n , “India-based Neutrino Observatory—Rapid EIA” (SACON report, 2007).\n \n\n2. 2.[↵][5] 1. A. Desai, 2. P. Davidar, 3. J.-P. Puyravaud, 4. G. Srinivasan, 5. N. Mohanraj, 6. T. Thekaekara\n , “Environmental concerns around the proposed site for the India-based Neutrino Observatory” (NBR Alliance report, 2008); [www.nbralliance.org/downloads/environmental-concerns-around-ino-site.pdf][6].\n \n\n# Response {#article-title-2}\n\nThe proposed India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) ([1][2]) would be located in Singara, which is 7 to 15 km from the boundary of the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The INO collaboration is fully committed to protecting the environment and wildlife and will take all possible steps to minimize the impact during the construction of the underground laboratory. During the operation phase, it is expected to have no impact at all.\n\nRegarding population growth, the laboratory will be located deep underground and accessed by a tunnel 2 km in length. Researchers will be located at the main INO research and development center in the city of Mysore, about 100 km away. Except during the construction phase, the number of scientists and engineers manning the laboratory will be kept at a bare minimum (at most 30 people). The present population of Masinagudi village area, in which the project will be housed, is 12,535. INO will not significantly increase this population.\n\nThe initial site survey was conducted over a period of 5 years with the assistance of geologists and engineers. The two sites mentioned by Davidar were selected for more serious study. The Singara site was chosen over Rammam on the basis of a geotechnical analysis that considered physics requirements, safety, and long-term stability of the laboratory. About 13 km of tunnels have been constructed over the past decade in the vicinity of the proposed INO site to locate a large underground hydroelectric power station whose access portal is within a few hundred meters of the proposed INO tunnel portal. Due to the proximity of this hydroelectric power station, we do not have to build any new roads, thereby causing minimum damage to the environment.\n\nRegarding transport of material, about 608,000 tons of debris (mainly granite) will be excavated. However, this debris will be stored onsite for a long time. About 35,000 tons of construction material and 51,000 tons of detector material (86,000 tons in all) will be brought into the site over a period of 7 years. The heavy-vehicle traffic required to do so will be no more than six round trips per day over a period of 7 years, which is negligible compared "},{"kind":"article","title":"Benefits of Biotic Pollination for Non-Timber Forest Products and Cultivated Plants","authors":"Simon G. Potts, Shiny M. Rehel, Anita Varghese, Nicola Bradbear, Priya Davidar, Stuart Roberts, Pratim Roy","year":2009,"doi":"10.4103/0972-4923.64732","url":"https://openalex.org/W2120586073","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.64732","licence":"cc-by-nc-sa","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Conservation and Society","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Biodiversity supplies multiple goods and services to society and is critical for the support of livelihoods across the globe. Many indigenous people depend upon non-timber forest products (NTFP) and crops for a range of goods including food, medicine, fibre and construction materials. However, the dependency of these products on biotic pollination services is poorly understood. We used the biologically and culturally diverse Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in India to characterise the types of NTFP and crop products of 213 plant species and asses their degree of dependency on animal pollination. We found that 80 per cent of all species benefited from animal pollination in their reproduction, and that 62 per cent of crop products and 40 per cent of NTFP benefited from biotic pollination in their production. Further we identified the likely pollinating taxa documented as responsible for the production of these products, mainly bees and other insects. A lower proportion of indigenous plant products (39 per cent) benefited from biotic pollination than products from introduced plants (61 per cent). We conclude that pollinators play an important role in the livelihoods of people in this region."},{"kind":"article","title":"Notes on the occurrence and new distributional records of some little known rare and endemic grasses from Velliangiri hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India.","authors":"M. Murugesan, V. Balasubramaniam, K Arumugasamy","year":2009,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W309780507","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND TAXONOMIC BOTANY","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Elements of genus Ficus (Moraceae) and other taxa vis-à-vis hydro-edaphic properties of woodland habitat of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Kerala.","authors":"J. N. Singh","year":2009,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W234681765","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present investigation deals with the hydro-edaphic properties and their mutual interaction in the woodland habitat of NBR - Kerala and the ameliorative role of the elements of genus Ficus and other taxa in the in-situ environment of the area. It is held from the results that edaphic factors contain sufficient energy to hold the vegetation / flora of the region in the present form. However, it is a declined status in comparison to 1982 values. Due to presence of appropriate quantum of energy materials in the soils systems, their other related properties like soil-proteins, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable calcium, water holding capacity, porosity, etc. are excellent and system is quite balanced at present. The equally potent agent i.e. waters of the region are quite bereft of dissolved minerals in their per unit volume but totally free of alkali hazards. However, the soil-water interaction is a matter of concern for the region. The chemically dilute waters eat up the mineral riches of the soils and mineral transfer from edaphic media to aqua media is directly proportional to the degree of dilution and periodic length of submergence. Besides, the interactions further create a phenomenal change in the pH environment of edaphic media and strain the system to salt imbalance in the process. In presence of prevalent biotic and abiotic factors of the region the role of the elements of genus Ficus particularly their root systems and leaf litter on soil conditions along with their chief associates observed to be very positive in keeping the system viable and sustainable."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of Mineral Content of Tree Leaf Litter of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and its Impact on Properties of Sodic Soil","authors":"Jai Singh, Swati Chaturvedi","year":2009,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W302353791","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present investigation deals with natural chemical reserves and physical characteristics of leaf litter of 35 dominant tree species of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and efficacious impact of leaf litter of a few selected species on physico-chemical properties of sodic soil. Carbon contents of the litter ranged between 34.3% and 47.8% and nitrogen 1.64% and 3.58%. The ash content varied from 2.8% to 29.2% and phosphorus 0.41% to 0.846%. The leaf litter of almost all the species showed the dominance of divalent cations (Ca ++ and Mg ++ ) over monovalent (Na + and K + ). Results further illustrated that the leaf litter of Moraceae family is characterized by highest donor of element calcium. Besides, these leaf litters showed their excellent water holding capacity, which ranged in between 378.4% and 699.5%. Results of leaf litter impact of a few selected species on sodic soil led to a clue that leaf litter with high values of energy content and phosphorus concentration were more effective in ameliorating sodic soil. The judicious application of forest tree leaf litter, which aid in bringing the abnormal condition of the soils to the normal level may be used as a device of treasure of lost minerals to revamp the nutrient deficient terrestrial media as a biological tool, possessing an extraordinary minerals bearing potential."},{"kind":"article","title":"DNA barcoding discriminates a new cryptic grass species revealed in an ethnobotany study by the hill tribes of the Western Ghats in southern India","authors":"Subramanyam Ragupathy, Steven G. Newmaster, Maruthakkutti Murugesan, Velusamy Balasubramaniam","year":2009,"doi":"10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02641.x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2144552937","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Molecular Ecology Resources","citations":91,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Our research brought together traditional aboriginal knowledge (TK) and scientific knowledge (SK) to explore the relationship between scientific and aboriginal systems of botanical classification and the corresponding valorization(s) of biological diversity in the Western Ghats of southern India. We worked with two aboriginal cultures namely 'Irulas' and 'Malasars' of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve with an objective of evaluating the ability of different knowledge systems (SK and TK) to distinguish grass species belonging to the genus Tripogon, and assess the ability of DNA barcoding to discriminate a new cryptic species 'Tripogon cope' as deciphered by the hill tribes. We discovered that the aboriginal informants identified a common ethnotaxa 'Sunai pul', which is a cryptic species of grass not recognized by the SK classification.'sunai pul' is very important to both aboriginal cultures with ritualistic and economic utility. Morphometric analysis confirms the cryptic nature of this new species, which was validated using DNA barcoding. DNA barcode regions matK and trnH-psbA showed distinct sequence variations among the closely related ethnotaxa. Given the cryptic nature of ethnotaxa, we propose that a DNA barcode may be a reliable tool to identify ethnotaxa. We have initiated further studies in other cultures to develop theoretically sophisticated insights concerning the encounter between 'local' and 'scientific' approaches to the use of biodiversity knowledge. Furthermore, the research will add to a unifying global effort to speed up the documentation and understanding of the planet's natural diversity, while simultaneously respecting the cultural heterogeneity as a vital component of biological diversity."},{"kind":"article","title":"Social bees and food plant associations in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Sumin George Thomas, Shiny M. Rehel, Anita Varghese, Priya Davidar, Simon G. Potts","year":2009,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W18421678","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","citations":15,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The diversity of social bees was assessed at 15 sites across five locations of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India, from January to December 2007. We also conducted floristic analyses of local vegetation in each site using one-hectare sample plots. All woody species with a dbh (diameter at breast height) : 30 cm were recorded within the plots. A total area of 9.72 ha was assessed for floristic composition. Similarity of floristic composition between sites was determined using the Jaccard's distance measure and a dendrogram constructed based on the hierarchical clustering of floristic dissimilarities between sites. A Bee Importance Index (BII) was developed to give a measure of the bee diversity at each site. This index was a sum of the species richness of bee species in a site and their visitation frequencies to flowers, calculated as mean flower visits hour 1 within 2 focal patches within one hectare plots. The visits of bee species to flowers were also recorded. The Jaccard distance measure indicated that the montane sites were quite dissimilar to the low elevation sites in floristic diversity. The BII was 7-9 for the wet forest sites and ranged from 4-6 for drier forest sites. Seventy three plant species were identified as social bee plants and of them 45% were visited by one species of bee, 37% by two bee species and 18% by more than two bee species, indicating a certain degree of floral specialization among bees."},{"kind":"article","title":"Food habits and prey selection of tiger and leopard in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":", T. Ramesh, V. Snehalatha, , K. Sankar, , Qamar Qureshi, ","year":2009,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.002.003.010","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.002.003.010","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation","citations":30,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Characteristics of trees used as nest sites by<i>Apis dorsata</i>(Hymenoptera, Apidae) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Sumin George Thomas, Anita Varghese, Pratim Roy, Nicola Bradbear, Simon G. Potts, Priya Davidar","year":2009,"doi":"10.1017/s026646740900621x","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026646740900621x","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Tropical Ecology","citations":18,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Status of the Red-Listed Plant Species, Smilax wightii A. DC. in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India","authors":"S. Paulsamy, K.K. Vijayakumar, Bong-Seop Kil, P. Senthilkumar","year":2009,"doi":"10.5141/jefb.2009.32.4.249","url":"https://doi.org/10.5141/jefb.2009.32.4.249","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Ecology and Environment","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Energy dynamics in the C4 species dominated montane subtropical grassland at Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, India","authors":"M. Sivashanmugam, S. Paulsamy, P. Senthilkumar","year":2009,"doi":"10.1016/j.chnaes.2009.08.009","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2009.08.009","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Acta Ecologica Sinica","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Water quality assessment of Kalingarayan canal at Erode district, Tamilnadu (India)","authors":"A.R.K. Kulandaivel, P.E Kumar, P.N. Magudeswaran","year":2009,"doi":"10.12944/cwe.4.1.34","url":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.4.1.34","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current World Environment","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Rooting ability of Rubia cordifolia L. – a potential therapeutic plant species in the western ghats, Nilgiri biosphere reserve, India","authors":", P. Senthilkumar, S. Paulsamy, , K.K. Vijayakumar, ","year":2009,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.002.004.002","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.002.004.002","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A Checklist of endangered, rare and threatened plants in Velliangiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India with special reference to Peninsular Indian endemic plants","authors":"M. Murugesan, V. Balasubramaniam","year":2009,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps2000-2009-t5jje9","url":"https://openalex.org/W4391079315","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Non Timber Forest Products","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present paper highlights the endangered, rare and threatened plants in Velliangiri hills of the Western Ghats of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India with special reference to peninsular Indian endemic plants. Among the total number of 174 species, 19 species are endemic to Peninsular India, 113 species are endemic to Western Ghats, 22 species to Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, 20 species to Tamil Nadu with only one species endemic to present study area. Apart from these, among the total number of 174 species, 13 species are reported first time from the state of Tamil Nadu."},{"kind":"article","title":"Additions to the flora of Tamil Nadu, India with reference to rare, endemic, red-listed and endangered plants from Velliangiri Hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"M. Murugesan, V. Balasubramaniam","year":2009,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-2009-y8szy6","url":"https://openalex.org/W1204707622","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"This paper deals with the occurrence of five rare, endemic, red-listed and endangered plants such as Buchanania lanceolata Wight, Syzygium bourdillonii (Gamble) Rathakrishnan &amp; N.C. Nair, S. travancoricum Gamble, Begonia trichocarpa Dalz., and Pseudoxytenanthera bourdillonii (Gamble) Naithani of angiosperms collected from Velliangiri hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu. They are reported for the first time from Tamil Nadu state. Correct nomenclature, brief descriptions, specimen examined and critical notes if any, along with phenological and distributional data are given for each species to facilitate for further collections and easy identification."},{"kind":"article","title":"Relocation and extended distribution of some little known endangered plants from Velliangiri Hills, the Western Ghats of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"M. Murugesan, V. Balasubramaniam","year":2009,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps2000-2009-0w52t7","url":"https://openalex.org/W4378698934","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Non Timber Forest Products","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present paper records the relocation and extended distribution of certain little known endangered and endemic plant species such as Crotalaria longipes Wight &amp; Arn. (Fabaceae), Hedyotis eualata (Gamble) A.N.Henry &amp; Subram. (Rubiaceae), Helichrysum wightii C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f. (Asteraceae), Senecio lessingianus (Wight &amp; Arn.) C.B.Clarke (Asteraceae), Lilium neilgherrense Wight (Lilianceae) and Eriocaulon ensiforme Fischer (Eriocaulaceae) of angiosperms collected from Velliangiri hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu. The above said species are restricted only to the hill ranges of Southern Western Ghats. Correct status, nomenclature, brief description, distribution with phenological data and critical notes are given for further collections."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of irrigation scheduling and method of irrigation on productivity and water economy in hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)","authors":"K. Ramamoorthy, Murali Arthanari, P. Subbian","year":2009,"doi":"10.2298/hel0950115r","url":"https://openalex.org/W2137808313","oa_url":"https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2298/hel0950115r/pdf","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Helia","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"SUMMARY An experiment was conducted during summer and kharif seasons of 2004 and 2005 at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, to study different irrigation methods and regimes (IW/CPE ratio) on yield attributes, yield and water economy in hybrid sunflower (MSFH 17). Yield and yield attributes varied significantly during both summer and kharif seasons of 2004 and 2005. Irrigation at 0.80 and 0.60 IW/CPE ratios under alternate furrows and paired row system of irrigation (80/40 × 30 cm) proved better than other treatment combinations with regard to water use efficiency gross return, net return and B0 : C ratio. RESUMEN Se condujo un experimento durante las estaciones de verano y Kharif de 2004 y 2005 en la Agricultural Research Station de Bhavanigasagar para estudiar el efecto de diferentes regímenes de riego (relación IW/CPE) sobre atributos asociados al rendimiento, rendimiento y economía del agua en el híbrido de girasol MSFH 17. El rendimiento y sus atributos asociados variaron significativamente durante las estaciones de verano y Kharif de 2004 y 2005. Las relaciones IW/CPE de 0,80 y 0,60 bajo el sistema de dos hileras apareadas con surco de por medio (80/40 × 30 cm) probaron ser mejor que otras combinaciones de tratamientos con un incremento en la eficiencia en el uso del agua, ingreso bruto, ingreso neto y relación costo/beneficio. RÉSUMÉ Une experimentation a été menée durant les saisons d’été et du kharif de 2004 et 2005 à la Station de Recherches Agricoles de Bhavanisagar afin d’étudier différentes méthodes et régimes (rapport eau apportée par l’irrigation/ eau consommée par l’évapotranspiration; IW/CPE ratio) sur le rendement et ses composantes et sur l’économie d’eau chez l’hybride de tournesol MSFH 17. Le rendement et ses composantes ont varié considérablement au cours des deux saisons et des deux années. Des régimes d’ irrigation à 0.80 ou 0.60 IW/CPE avec un système de sillons d’irrigation alternés ou couplés (80/40 × 30 cm) se sont avérés être les meilleurs combinaisons avec une augmentation de l’efficience de l’eau consommée en marge brute ou nette, et du ratio B: C ratio."},{"kind":"article","title":"Kīṟṟu","authors":"François Gros","year":2009,"doi":"10.4000/books.ifp.3494","url":"https://openalex.org/W4205514020","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Institut Français de Pondichéry eBooks","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Piramiḷ (1939-1997), Pramiḷ kavitaikaḷ, Layam, Satyamangalam, 1998, p. 116. Kīṟṟu Cassure au cœur de la nuitSur les deux bordsNous NousDes hurlements de chiensOrphelinsEclatent et se dispersent. Au mitan de la nuitSans un aboi du tempsGriffure d’un instant. Sur l’obscurité plateUn trait d’un noir intenseSans commencement ni fin. Au beau milieuL’inerte vacuitéD’une seule étoile –Silence sans sommeil. Piramil Kollippâvai July 1985 in kavitaikal 1998, p. 116 N. B. Avant-dernière ligne lire verum..."},{"kind":"article","title":"Mental health practice in private primary care In rural India: a survey of practitioners","authors":"Vellingiri Raja Badrakalimuthu, VELLANKOIL RANGASAMY SATHYAVATHY","year":2009,"doi":"10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00229.x","url":"https://openalex.org/W1679600955","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2009.tb00229.x","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"World Psychiatry","citations":13,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An epidemiological study carried out in a rural population in Tamil Nadu, Southern India, reported that about 75% of people with mental disorders had been sick for more than one year and had not had any treatment 1. India has 162 medical colleges, with 17,000 medical students enrolling to be trained every year. However, there are only about 3000 psychiatrists, who are mainly based in urban centres 2. This means that a vast chunk of the work in dealing with mental illness is done by primary care practitioners, espe-cially in rural India. However, primary care is not well developed in India, and the lines of communication between the private and government psy-chiatrists are very poor. A survey of 86 private practitioners revealed that undergraduate education is not geared up to impart sufficient psychiatric training 3. The outcome of mental disorders can be improved by their early detection in primary care, especially if this is followed by evidence based treatment. We investigated current psychiatric practice among private primary care practitioners in Satyamangalam, a rural town with hamlets of farmers and weavers in the state of Tamil Nadu, Southern India. The town has 40 doctors, including general practitioners and specialists, with no private or government psychiatric services. We sent to all doctors a questionnaire consisting of 17 items, subdivided into four sections: a) doctor's experience of psychiatric symptoms and disorders in adults, children, adolescents and the elderly, of pharmacological treatment for the above disorders, and of patients’ acceptance of a diagnosis of mental illness; b) doctor's knowledge about availability of mental health services and patients’ use of native treatments; c) doctor's training in psychiatry; d) information on mental illness in journals read by the doctors, and suggestions to improve doctors’ skills and knowledge in psychiatry. Out of the 40 doctors, 37 responded (92.5%). Eight were general practitioners and 29 were specialist in a discipline other than psychiatry. Eighteen (48.64%) had been practicing for 10–20 years. Thirty-four doctors (91.9%) reported they had seen patients with symptoms suggestive of mental illness and had diagnosed mental illness. Among symptoms of mental illness, body pain was the most frequently reported (41.8%), followed by depression (25.5%). Depressive disorders were the most frequently reported mental disorders (52.2%), followed by anxiety disorders (20.4%). Fifty percent of the doctors had seen children and adolescents presenting with behavioural problems and 100% had seen elderly patients presenting with forgetfulness. Eighteen out of 34 (52.9%) had used tricyclics as first line antidepressants, and haloperidol was the only antipsychotic used. Only 18 (48.6%) felt that patients accepted a diagnosis of mental illness. The doctors confirmed that there was no resident psychiatrist in the locality. The mental health resource largely utilised was re-ferral to a psychiatrist in the nearby city (76.5%). All doctors reported that their patients utilised some form of native treatment. No doctor had sat through psychiatry as a subject of examination in his undergraduate course. Twenty-six respondents (70.2%) had had a training in psychiatry as house officers. Twenty out of 37 (54.1%) felt that the medical journals they read had adequate information about mental illness. The suggestions to improve their practice included the organization of continuing medical education on psychiatric topics by the local medical so-ciety, an increase in the number of articles on mental illness in medical journals, the production of audiovisual aids, and an improve-ment of undergraduate medical curriculum with emphasis on psychiatry as a subject for examination. Mass education and assertive out-reach to increase the awareness of mental illness among client population were also suggested. This study confirms that pain is a major manifestation of psychological problems in rural India"},{"kind":"article","title":"Nectar resource use by butterflies in a dry deciduous forest in Eastern Ghats, India.","authors":"T. Selvarathinam, P. Balasubramanian, G. Kumaravelu","year":2009,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W44736659","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Forester","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This paper discusses the butterfly- flower interrelationships in a dry deciduous forest in Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, Eastern Ghats. A total of 86 species of butterflies belonging to five families were recorded in the study area. Butterfly foraging observations were recorded on 27 plant species belonging to 17 families. A total of 49 species of butterflies foraged on floral nectar of 21 plant species. Maximum number of flower-visiting butterfly species (n=17) belonged to Nymphalidae. Small-sized flowers (<1cm) attracted maximum number of butterfly species (n=48). Among the various flower colours, red were visited by maximum number of species (n=36). Mud-puddling behaviour of butterflies is also discussed."},{"kind":"article","title":"COLLABORATIVE CONSERVATION: SOLIGA CULTURAL ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN BILIGIRI RANGASWAMY TEMPLE WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, INDIA.","authors":"Nitin Devdas, C. Madegowda, Siddappa Setty","year":2008,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2283137585","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Phytogeography, endemism and affinities of the flora of new Amarambalam Reserve Forests in the Western Ghats of India","authors":"K. N. Nair, R. Jayakumar","year":2008,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-gc00a1","url":"https://openalex.org/W950166590","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Floristic analysis of New Amarambalam Reserve Forests, situated in the Western Ghats of India and forming part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, based on surveys conducted during 1997-2000, has been presented in the paper. The forest area extents to about 265 km2, at an altitudinal range of 40-2600 m above msl. The area is the abode of almost all the forest types of the Indian Peninsula, preserved in an almost pristine state. Intensive floristic survey of the area recorded of a total of 1135 taxa of angiosperms, which belonged to 136 families and 644 genera. The flora is composed of 78 per cent dicotyledons and 22 per cent monocotyledons. Phytogeographical analysis of the flora revealed very high endemism, and almost 21 per cent of the total flowering plants recorded from there were those endemics to Western Ghats of India. Among them, 12.5 per cent were species restricted to Southern part of the Western Ghats. Peninsular Indo-Sri Lankan elements represented 15 per cent of the total flora, which demonstrates the affinity of the region with that of the adjacent ocean Island. Regarding the pattern of distribution of various species outside India, 66 per cent of them were of Indo-Malayan and South and South-East Asian range and 30 per cent of the total flora were composed of pluri-regional species or wides. There were only four per cent taxa in the flora, which are either exotic weeds or escapes from cultivation, showing the less disturbed status of the vegetation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Chemical characteristics of natural waters of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Kerala and Karnataka - their possible utility in wildlife management","authors":"J. Singh","year":2008,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-s5c8s5","url":"https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-s5c8s5","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A survey on the orchids of Velliangiri hills, a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, with special reference to Indian endemics","authors":", M. Murugesan, V. Balasubramaniam, ","year":2008,"doi":"10.20894/stet.116.001.004.004","url":"https://doi.org/10.20894/stet.116.001.004.004","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Scientific Transactions in Enviornment and Technovation","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Arisaema Tuberculatum C. Fischer (Araceae) from Mukurthi National Park, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India - a Note","authors":"Prakriti Dobhal, Smriti Sawan, Suman Lata Bist, Manish K. Kandwal, Joshi, Shambhu","year":2008,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13421965","url":"https://openalex.org/W2884252475","oa_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/154612","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Regional Variation in Non-Timber Forest Product Harvest Strategies, Trade, and Ecological Impacts: the Case of Black Dammar (Canarium strictum Roxb.) Use and Conservation in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"Anita Varghese, Tamara Ticktin","year":2008,"doi":"10.5751/es-02555-130211","url":"https://openalex.org/W2132558094","oa_url":"https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art11/ES-2008-2555.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Ecology and Society","citations":64,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Varghese, A., and T. Ticktin. 2008. Regional variation in non-timber forest product harvest strategies, trade, and ecological impacts: the case of black dammar (Canarium strictum roxb.) use and conservation in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India. Ecology and Society 13(2): 11. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-02555-130211"},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on the significance of corridors to the asian elephant _ Elephas maximus linnaeus _ and strategies for conservation and management in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve Tamilnadu South India","authors":"B Ramakrishman","year":2007,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2565603710","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Genetic variations and degree of correlation in four ecological variants of Gaultheria fragrantissima Wallich in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, India","authors":"S Paulsamy, K. K. Vijayakumar, SG Ram","year":2007,"doi":"10.5897/ajb2007.000-2038","url":"https://openalex.org/W2136297205","oa_url":"https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJB/article-abstract/D1E63E36139","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The four ecological variants (ovate, lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate and oblanceolate leaf types) of Gaultheria fragrantissima (family, Ericaceae) in Nilgiris are varied much between them in respect of 12 characters studied. The magnitudes of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were more or less equal for many characters and it indicates the least influence of environmental factors. Generally, the high heritability compared with high genetic advance as per cent of mean and high GCV observed for plant height, stem girth size, root length, number of branches, number of inflorescence, number of fruits, oil yield, plant biomass and population density indicate the presence of additive gene action for these characters. Leaf thickness and oil content in leaves showed significant positive correlation with the population density of the species. Hence, selection for these 2 characters in all the four variants must be effective in achieving high population density of G. fragrantissima."},{"kind":"article","title":"Diversity of soil fungi in a tropical deciduous forest in Mudumalai, southern India","authors":"N. Satish, Sadika Sultana, Vidyanand Nanjundiah","year":2007,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2170745309","oa_url":"http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/15444/1/Diversity_of_soil_fungi.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","citations":25,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"An analysis of the diversity of sporulating fungi monitored over two consecutive wet seasons in the Mudumalai forest reserve of the Western Ghats, southern India, revealed a total of 46 operational taxonomic units. A majority belonged to the class Deuteromycetes, followed by Ascomycetes. Mortierella was the dominant genus followed by Fusarium and Penicillium. We observed a mean of 5.63 ± 2.37 and 7.63 ± 2.97 genera per hectare and estimated a 50 ha-wide total of 43 and 69 genera during the two seasons respectively. We estimate the number of species in the 16 hectares sampled as 207 and 284 respectively. The mean fungal population density over the same two seasons was $2.67 \\\\pm 1.49 \\\\times 10^4$ and $2.14 \\\\pm 0.69 \\\\times 10^4$ cultivable clones per g of soil. Indices of diversity were 3.1 and 3.6 (Shannon–Wiener), 5.3 and 8.8 (Fisher’s alpha) and 0.79 and 0.86 (Simpson) respectively, all in terms of genus as OTU."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of Ground Water Quality in and around Gobichettipalayam Town Erode District, Tamilnadu","authors":"P. N. Palanisamy, A. Geetha, M. Sujatha, P. Sivakumar, K. Karunakaran","year":2007,"doi":"10.1155/2007/547380","url":"https://openalex.org/W2139569862","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jchem/2007/547380.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Journal of Chemistry","citations":18,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Ground water samples collected from different localities in and around Gobichettipalayam town, Erode District, Tamil Nadu were analyzed for their physico‐ chemical characteristics. This analysis result was compared with the WHO &amp; ICMR standards of drinking water quality parameters with the following water quality parameters namely pH, Electrical conductivity, CN - , Cl - , SO 4 2- , Na + , K + , Ca &amp; Mg in CaCO 3 equivalents, phenolphthalein alkalinity, hydroxide alkalinity, carbonate alkalinity, bicarbonate alkalinity, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, total solids, total suspended solids, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, fluoride etc ., The usefulness of these parameters in predicting ground water quality characteristics were discussed. Thus an attempt has been made to find the quality of ground water in and around Gobichettipalayam town, suitable for drinking purposes or not."},{"kind":"article","title":"Resource use efficiency in crop production a comparative analysis between two ayacuts of the Bhavani river irrigational project of Erode district in Tamilnadu","authors":"K. Somasundaram","year":2007,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2794299811","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Diet and prey profiles of three sympatric large carnivores in Bandipur Tiger Reserve, India","authors":"Anish Andheria, K. Ullas Karanth, N. Samba Kumar","year":2007,"doi":"10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00310.x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2084398111","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00310.x","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Zoology","citations":231,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract We conducted a field study of diets of three sympatric large carnivores, the tiger Panthera tigris , the leopard Panthera pardus and the dhole Cuon alpinus in Bandipur Tiger Reserve, India, based on analyses of 381, 111 and 181 scats, respectively. The frequency of occurrence of prey items in scats was converted to relative biomass and number of prey consumed using regression equations based on earlier feeding trials. The results showed that although these predators kill ∼11–15 species of vertebrate prey, relatively abundant ungulate species provide 88–97% of biomass consumed by them. Although the dietary niche overlap among the three species was high (Pianka's index of 0.75–0.93), some specialized predation was observed. The largest ungulates, gaur Bos gaurus and sambar Cervus unicolor , provided 73% of biomass consumed by tigers, whereas medium‐sized chital Axis axis and wild pig Sus scrofa formed 65 and 83% of the biomass intake of leopards and dholes, respectively. In terms of the relative numbers of prey animals killed by the three predators, chital, which is the most abundant prey species, dominated their diets (tiger=33%, leopard=39% and dhole=73%). The results of the study, in conjunction with earlier work, support the prediction that abundance of ungulate prey species, as well as their availability in different size classes, are both critical factors that facilitate sympatry among the three predators."},{"kind":"article","title":"A checklist of butterflies of Thengumarahada in the Nilgiris, southern India","authors":"K. Cyril Rufus, S.P. Sabarinathan","year":2007,"doi":"10.11609/jott.zpj.1623.2837-8","url":"https://openalex.org/W2324362919","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.1623.2837-8","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos Print Journal","citations":10,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Thengumarahada is the largest among the seven tribal villages found in the Moyar valley belonging to the Nilgiris district, Tamil Nadu with an area of 500acres. Moyar valley is an ecologically strategic junction where the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats meet. The village lies on the banks of the river Moyar. The study was carried out for one year during May 2005-April 2006."},{"kind":"article","title":"Educational Innovations in Rural Tamil Nadu: Tsunami-affected Arunthatiars of Sathyamangalam","authors":"Vrunda Prabhu","year":2007,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1549154420","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"This paper reports on the human aspect of a two-and-half-year collaboration between mathematics teachers of the City University of New York (CUNY), and grassroots organizers in rural Tamil Nadu. Reporting on student success in Calculus classrooms in New York at the International Conference to Review Science, Mathematics and Technology Education in Goa in 2004 just prior to the tsunami, the CUNY professors were asked how their innovative methodology of teaching-research could be implemented in community-based schools in dalit hamlets. In the non-formal, community-based schools and bridge schools, in the tsunami-affected Arunthatiar community, a new methodology, teaching-action-research (T-A-R), began to develop, in which the educational environment of the child is viewed as it is shaped by school, home, work and community."},{"kind":"article","title":"Endophytic <i>Phomopsis</i> species: host range and implications for diversity estimates","authors":"T. S. Murali, T. S. Suryanarayanan, R. Geeta","year":2006,"doi":"10.1139/w06-020","url":"https://openalex.org/W2109150554","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Canadian Journal of Microbiology","citations":134,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Foliar endophyte assemblages of teak trees growing in dry deciduous and moist deciduous forests of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve were compared. A species of Phomopsis dominated the endophyte assemblages of teak, irrespective of the location of the host trees. Internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis of 11 different Phomopsis isolates (ten from teak and one from Cassia fistula) showed that they fall into two groups, which are separated by a relatively long branch that is strongly supported. The results showed that this fungus is not host restricted and that it continues to survive as a saprotroph in teak leaf, possibly by exploiting senescent leaves as well as the litter. Although the endophyte assemblage of a teak tree growing about 500 km from the forests was also dominated by a Phomopsis sp., it separated into a different group based on internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Our results with an endophytic Phomopsis sp. reinforce the earlier conclusions reached by others for pathogenic Phomopsis sp., i.e., that this fungus is not host specific, and the species concept of Phomopsis needs to be redefined."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on hydro-edaphic properties of the natural habitat of Rhododendron arboreum Smith ssp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg. in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Jaibir Singh","year":2006,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-2006-69b3uy","url":"https://openalex.org/W4312435968","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The present investigation deals with the study of dominant habitats of Rhododendron arboreum ssp. nilagiricum which is an endemic and a key species in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The edaphic conditions of each habitat under investigation are quite conducive to proper growth and development of the species and ecologically balanced at present. It is further elucidated that Mukurty reserve forest has been the ideal habitat where this taxon shows its optimum growth and development. The habitat is characterised by montane climate and free flowing water sources along with clay-loam soil texture. The soils are slightly to moderately acidic in reaction (pH 4.6-5.5); quite rich in energy materials (carbon 2.95%-4.65%); available nitrogen (0.086%-0.386%); phosphorus (0.002%-0.006%) and excellent in water holding capacity (76.2%0-116.4%); porosity (43.5%-59.6%) and cation exchange capacity (15.8 m.e.%-32.4 m.e.%). Waters are alkaline in reaction but completely free of alkali hazards. The chemistry of soils and water appears to be complementary to each other."},{"kind":"article","title":"Folk herbal medicine: a survey on the paniya tribes of mundakunnu village of the nilgiri hills, South India.","authors":"Manikandan PN.","year":2005,"doi":null,"url":null,"oa_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC3330892","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Commercially exploited medicinal plants in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India","authors":"A. Rajasekaran, S. Prasad, P. Balasubramanian","year":2005,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps2000-2005-cq14e1","url":"https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2005-cq14e1","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Effects of season on helminth loads of wild herbivores and cattle in the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India","authors":"Guha Dharmarajan, M Raman, Mathew C. John","year":2005,"doi":"10.11609/jott.zpj.784.1766-9","url":"https://openalex.org/W2326439329","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.784.1766-9","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos Print Journal","citations":9,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The effects of season on helminth loads was studied between May and August 1999, using the estimation of helminth eggs per gram of faeces as an index, at the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India. The species of hosts sampled included chital (Axis axis), gaur (Bos gaurus), elephant (Elephas maximus) and domestic cattle. In general all species showed an upward trend (i.e., the helminth loads increased) as the dry season progressed into the wet. Chital sampled in the dry deciduous forest, with or without sympatric cattle grazing, however, showed no such trends. Chital sampled in scrub forest areas with sympatric cattle grazing showed a significant downward trend as the wet season progressed. It is hypothesised that this is because helminth loads in chital are governed more by nutritive status of the animals rather than the availability of infective larvae in the environment. With the progress of the rains increased vegetation may improve the nutritive status of chital thus causing reduction in helminth loads. Possible reasons for this finding are also discussed."},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of production environment on seed quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.0 hybrid ADTRH1","authors":"T. Ramanadane, Aruna Ponnusamy, K Palani Raja","year":2005,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00033","url":"https://openalex.org/W4380538810","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/92-4-6-200-207.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Seed samples of rice hybrid ADTRH 1 collected from 25 locations spread over in two different agro-climatic zones of Tamil Nadu revealed significant variations in various seed quality components viz. physical (purity, ODV, split husk seeds and 100 seed weight), physiological (seed germination, speed of germination, dry matter production, vigour index and electrical conductivity of seed leachate) and health. Among the centres of hybrid rice seed production, Coimbatore and Bhavanisagar centres in Western Zone of Tamil Nadu were adjudged as the best and suitable places for hybrid rice seed production."},{"kind":"article","title":"Pollen use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) lines CMS 234 A and RHA 6D-1","authors":"P. Sumathi, A. Nirmalakumari, V. Muralidharan","year":2005,"doi":"10.2298/hel0543099s","url":"https://openalex.org/W2288880531","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2298/hel0543099s","licence":"cc-by-nc-nd","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Helia","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"SUMMARY A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during rabi (Sep-Oct) seasons of 2000 and 2001 to study the pollen use efficiency of sunflower lines cms 234 A and RHA 6D-1. The experiments consisted of four treatments, 100% pollen (T 0 ), 75% pollen plus 25% borax as filler material (T 1 ), 50% pollen plus 50% borax as filler material (T 2 ) and 50% pollen and 50% flour of finger millet ( Eleusine coracana L.) (T 3 ). The results showed that the treatments were significantly differed from each other. All the traits studied recorded superior performance only at 100% pollen availability; the seed yield was very much increased only with an assured availability of sufficient pollen for fertilization. The mean comparison of the treatments for all the characters was T 0 &gt;T 1 &gt;T 2 &gt;T 3 . Though the seed yield was reduced to some extent while supplementing pollen with filler material, it was concluded that 75% pollen with 25% borax filler material may be used instead of 100% pollen, without affecting the economic yield much in the case of pollen scarcity /pollen insufficiency/ in locations where “pollen theft” is common. Borax can be used as supplement at the time of pollination. The use of flour of finger millet as the filler material in the case of pollen insufficiency during pollination does not have any effect on the seed yield and yield attributing characters. In that case the yield was affected only below 50% of pollen availability. RESUMEN El experimento de campo fue realizado en la estación de investigaciones en Bhavanisagar, Universidad de Agronomía Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, La India, durante la temporada rabi (Sept.-Oct.) de 2000 y 2001, para estudiar la eficacia de utilización de polen de las líneas de girasol cms 234 A y RHA 6D-1. Los experimentos incluían cuatro tratamientos, 100% polen (T 0 ), 75% polen plus 25% bórax como medio complementario (T 1 ), 50% polen plus 50% bórax (T 2 ) y 50% polen y 50% de la harina de mojo ( Eleusine coracana L.) (T 3 ). Los resultados mostraron que los tratamientos diferían significativamente. Todas las características estudiadas confirmaron la superioridad del tratamiento con 100% de polen; el rendimiento de la semilla era significativamente incrementado cuando para la polinización era accesible la cantidad suficiente de polen. Los valores medios de los tratamientos de todas las características establecieron la relación T 0 &gt;T 1 &gt;T 2 &gt;T 3 . Aunque el rendimiento de la semilla era disminuido en cierta medida por utilización del medio complementario, fue deducido que 75% de polen y 25% de bórax podían sustituir 100% de polen en los casos de carencia de polen en las localidades en las cuales \"el robo de polen\" está habitual. Bórax puede utilizarse como sustitución en la época de polinización. La utilización de la harina de mojo como cargador del material durante la polinización en el caso de carencia de polen, no tenía ninguna influencia en el rendimiento de semilla y otras características de rendimiento. En tal caso, solamente la cantidad de 50% de polen accesible, tuvo influencia en el rendimiento. RÉSUMÉ Une expérience sur le terrain a été effectuée à la Station de Recherche, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Inde durant les saisons de rabi (septembre-octobre) des années 2000 et 2001 dans le but d’analyser l’efficacité de l’utilisation de pollen des lignées de tournesol cms 234 A et RHA 6D-1. Les expériences consistaient en quatre traitements, 100% de pollen (T 0 ), 75% de pollen plus 25% de borax comme matériel complémentaire (T 1 ) et 50% pollen avec 50% de borax (T 2 ) et 50% de pollen et 50% de farine de millet ( Eleusine coracana L.) (T 3 ). Les résultats ont démontré que les traitements différaient significativement les uns des autres. Toutes les caractéristiques étudiées ont confirmé la supériorité du traitement avec 100% de pollen; le rendemen"},{"kind":"article","title":"Registration of ICSV 88032: a high yielding line resistant to sorghum midge, Stenodiplosis sorghicola","authors":"Agrawal Bl, Sharma Hc, Abraham Cv, Stenhouse Jw","year":2005,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2131565409","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"International Sorghum and Millets newsletter.","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"ICSV 88032, a high-yielding sorghum line highly resistant to S. sorghicola, was developed in India by pedigree breeding from a cross between ICSV 197 (midge-resistant line) and ICSV 1 (a high-yielding sorghum cultivar). In the international sorghum variety and hybrid adaptation trial, ICSV 88032 recorded yields of 4.8-5.2 t/ha during 1990-91, compared to 5.0-5.3 t/ha for ICSV 112, a released commercial cultivar, at Bhavanisagar (Tamil Nadu) and Patancheru (Andhra Pradesh). At Surat, ICSV 88032 had grain yields of 2.6 and 4.6 t/ha (2.9 and 3.4 t/ha for ICSV 112) during 1990 and 1991, respectively. In the preliminary variety trials of AICSIP in 1990-91, ICSV 88032 and ICSV 112 had grain yields of 3.1 and 2.8 t/ha, respectively. In the 1991 and 1992 advance variety trials of AICSIP, grain yields reached 4.0 and 3.6 in ICSV 88032, and 4.2 and 3.1 in ICSV 112, respectively. Damage by S. sorghicola was lower on ICSV 88032 (12-14%) than on the resistant control DJ 6514 (18-20%) and susceptible control CSH 1 (90-94%). Visual damage ratings varied from 2.1 to 3.4 in ICSV 88032, compared to 1.3-1.8 in DJ 6514 and 8.4-9.0 in CSH 1. The resistance of ICSV 88032 to S. sorghicola has been confirmed across locations in India, Latin America and West Africa. In 1995-96, damage by S. sorghicola reached 16-31% in ICSV 88032, 9-26% in ICSV 197 (resistant control), and 38-83% in Swarna (susceptible control). The loose panicle of ICSV 88032 makes it less susceptible to head bugs and earhead caterpillars. ICSV 88032 was as susceptible to shoot fly [Atherigona soccata] and stem borer as ICSV 112 and CSH 5."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of sources, levels and methods of boron application on dry matter production, yield attributes and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in inceptisol","authors":"S. Sujatha","year":2005,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01346","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385746301","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/92-7-9-479-483.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was conducted during 1998-2000 on soil deficient in available boron (0.35 mg) kg') at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar to study the comparative efficacy of Agribor as a source of boron on dry matter production, yield attributes and yield of maize crop. Four levels of boron (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 kg B ha) including foliar spray of 0.2% and 0.3% through two sources viz., borax (soil) and boric acid (foliar) [S,] and Agribor [S] were tried. A significant response was obtained to B application on dry matter production, yield attributes and yield of maize at the level of 2kg B ha' followed by 1.5 kg B ha'. Foliar application also significantly increased the yield of maize over control. On comparing the sources of boron, Agribor was found to be effective in influencing the yield of maize."},{"kind":"article","title":"Rainfall probability analysis for crop planning in selected locations of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Subbulakshmi, R. Selvaraju, MANICKA SUNDARAM S","year":2005,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00013","url":"https://openalex.org/W4380668330","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/92-1-3-76-83.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Rainfall data (&gt;30 years) of two locations (Bhavanisagar and Madurai) in Tamil Nadu were subjected to probability and variability analysis. The results revealed that on an average Bhavanisagar and Madurai receive 636 and 845 mm of rainfall annualy with a Coefficient of Variation of 35 and 21%. The average seasonal rainfall of South West Monsoon is 181 and 313 mm with a Co-efficient of Variation of 59 and 28 per cent. Both the locations are dominated by North East Monsoon season (302 and 376 mm) rainfall with more than 40% variability. North East Monsoon accounts for 48 and 45 per cent of total annual rainfall at Bhavanisagar and Madurai, respectively. The highest mean rainfall of 144 and 150 mm was recorded during the month October at Bhavanisagar and Madurai, respectively. The standard weeks 38 40 and 42nd - 47th have &gt;50% chance to get 25 mm of rainfall in Bhavanisagar. At Madurai, standard weeks from 36 to 47 had more than 50% chance to get 25 mm of rainfall. At both the locations the chance of getting sowing rain seldom exceeds the threshold level of 67%, indicating risk of dry seeding under dryland condition. However, the analysis indicated that dry seeding could be taken up under dryland condition with substantial risk both at Bhavanisagar and Madurai. At Bhavanisagar region there is more chance for intermittent dry spell and hence drought resistant short duration grain legumes and groundnut may be suggested."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nutrient indexing of benchmark sites of Erode district in Tamil Nadu","authors":"K. S. Subramanian, S. Poongothai, T CHITDESHWARI, V. P. Duraisamy","year":2005,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00006","url":"https://openalex.org/W4380668310","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/92-1-3-23-29.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In order to forecast the emerging micro- and macro-nutrient deficiencies or toxicities in crops and soils resulting from intensive cropping, 15 benchmark sites have been identified in Gobichettipalayam taluk of Erode district in Tamil Nadu, based on the soil physico-chemical properties. The experimental soils were neutral in pH, free from salinity, low in organic carbon, medium in available P &amp; K. The available micronutrient status has shown that the soil available Zn &amp; Cu and Fe &amp; Mn is in the range of deficiency and sufficiency levels, respectively. The soils belong to Irugur (red non-calcarcous), Chikkarasampalayam (black calcareous) and Sathyamangalam (black calcareous) series. Two intensive cropping systems such as Rice - Rice and Sugarcane - Sugarcane - Turmeric were chosen for the study. The soil data indicated that both intensive cropping systems have depleted the soil nutrient status heavily. However, as both cropping sequences have been supplied with sufficient quantities of fertilizer inputs carrying macronutrients, soils in the benchmark sites have maintained the inherent soil fertility status. On the other hand, non-addition of micronutrients has caused deficiencies of Zn, Cu and B as indicated by the available nutrient status in both cropping sequences. Plant samples showed sufficiency levels of both macro and micronutrients. The overall data indicated that there is an utmost necessity for application of micronutrients especially Zn, B and Cu to enable to maintain the crop yields in the intensive cropping systems in Erode district. Further, soil nutrient balance has to be maintained by proper substitution of organic and inorganic sources of macronutrients."},{"kind":"article","title":"Role of Leisure among the Soligas of Biligiri Rangana Betta (B.R. Hills), Karnataka","authors":"S Saraswathi, R Raju, Kedar N. Baidya","year":2004,"doi":"10.12724/ajss.4.7","url":"https://openalex.org/W2807097939","oa_url":"https://journals.christuniversity.in/index.php/artha/article/download/762/1419","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Artha - Journal of Social Sciences","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Soligas are exposed to many government and non-government programs, their socio-economic conditions have varied from that of earlier times. In this paper the authors would like to see the changes of the role of leisure."},{"kind":"article","title":"Regeneration of Amla, an Important Non-Timber Forest Product from Southern India","authors":"R. Ganesan, R. Siddappa Setty","year":2004,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1537643172","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10535/3054","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ATREE Digital Repository","citations":25,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Amla fruits collected from Phyllanthus emblica and P. indofischeri are an important non-timber forest product for the indigenous Soliga community in the Biligiri&#13;\\nRangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, India. Seedlings, saplings and trees of these two congeners were monitored over three years in ten 0.1 ha plots each to assess and compare their regeneration status. The densities of seedlings and of adult trees of both species were similar, but the density of saplings of P. emblica was lower than that of P. indofischeri. The size class distribution of P. indofischeri, but not of P. emblica, followed the inverse J-shaped curve typically associated&#13;\\nwith regenerating populations, suggesting a higher mortality of seedlings and saplings of P. emblica than of P. indofischeri. Furthermore, re-sprouting individual-spresumably a response to damage by fire or grazing constituted a larger proportion of the population in the case of P. emblica and may constitute a future population bottleneck. We suggest that anthropogenic pressures other than harvest could be responsible for differences in population structure between these two species, which are managed under similar harvest intensities and subject to&#13;\\nsimilar disturbance regimes.&#13;\\n"},{"kind":"article","title":"Conservation Threat of Increasing Fire Frequencies in the Western Ghats, India","authors":"Narendran Kodandapani, Mark A. Cochrane, Raman Sukumar","year":2004,"doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00433.x","url":"https://openalex.org/W1908987440","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Conservation Biology","citations":121,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract: The acceleration of processes such as forest fragmentation and forest fires in landscapes under intense human pressures makes it imperative to quantify and understand the effects of these processes on the conservation of biodiversity in these landscapes. We combined information from remote‐sensing imagery and ground maps of all fires in the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary (MWLS) in the Western Ghats of India over 14 years (1989–2002). These spatial data on fire occurrence were integrated with maps of vegetation types found in the MWLS to examine fire conditions in each. We calculated the average fire‐return interval for each of the vegetation types individually and for the MWLS as a whole. Using vegetation data from the larger Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and the entire Western Ghats region, we conservatively estimated fire‐frequency information for these larger regions. Because the MWLS does not contain tropical evergreen or montane forests, we were unable to estimate fire conditions in these forest types, which represent 31% of all Western Ghats vegetation cover. For the MWLS, all vegetation types had average fire‐return intervals of &lt;7 years, and the sanctuary as a whole had a fire‐return interval of 3.3 years. Compared with a 13‐year MWLS fire data set from 1909–1921, this represents a threefold increase in fire frequency over the last 80 years. We estimated average fire‐return intervals of roughly 5 years for both the larger Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and the entire Western Ghats region. Given other recent reports, the estimated fire frequencies for the Western Ghats forests outside protected reserves are conservative. We conclude that the current fire regime of the Western Ghats poses a severe and persistent conservation threat to forests both within and outside protected reserves."},{"kind":"article","title":"Sight Record of Polyphenic Forms of Appias Albina Darada C. & R. Felder (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"C. Binoy, George Mathew","year":2004,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13677392","url":"https://openalex.org/W2750520403","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13677392","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Observations on the weed flora of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, South India","authors":"Maya Mahajan, P. A. Azeez","year":2004,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2528211687","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC AND TAXONOMIC BOTANY","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"A STUDY OF WOOD BORING BEETLES IN THE KERALA PART OF NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE","authors":"George Mathew","year":2004,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2550038252","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"i 1. General Introduction 1 1.1. Biosphere Reserves and Biodiversity Conservation 1 1.1.i. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 2 1.1.ii. Zones of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 6 1.2. Timber beetles 6 1.2.i. Primary borers 8 1.2.ii. Secondary borers 11 1.2.iii. Scavengers 12 1.2.iv. Predatory beetles 13 2. Materials and Methods 15 2.1. Study area: Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 15 2.2. Sampling of insects 18 3. Results 19 3.1. Predisposing factors leading to borer infestation 19 3.2. Incidence pattern of wood borers in the study area 20 3.3. Relative susceptibility of various timber species to borer infestation 24 3.4. Timber beetle fauna of the Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 25 4. Discussion 43 4.1. Faunal elements 43 4.2. Host specificity 43 4.3. Intensity and nature of infestation 44 4.4. Significance of timber beetles recorded from the Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 45 5. Conclusions 47 6. Acknowledgements 49 7. References 50 Appendix I List of timber beetles collected from the Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Appendix II Summary of borer infestation to different tree species in the study area Appendix III Observations on tree mortality due to reasons other than borer attack in Nilambur Biosphere Division Appendix IV Observations on tree mortality due to reasons other than borer attack in Palghat Biosphere Division Appendix V Observations on tree mortality due to reasons other than borer attack in Wynad Biosphere Division Plates 1-V1"},{"kind":"article","title":"Are Worms Affected by Host Ecology? a Perspective from Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India","authors":"Guha Dharmarajan, M Raman, Mathew C. John","year":2004,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13425099","url":"https://openalex.org/W2748347902","oa_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/155460","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Patterns in Abundance and Seasonality of Insects in the Siruvani Forest of Western Ghats, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Southern India","authors":"P.R. Arun, Varsha Vijayan","year":2004,"doi":"10.1100/tsw.2004.33","url":"https://openalex.org/W2093990101","oa_url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2004/408128.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"The Scientific World JOURNAL","citations":15,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The seasonal abundance patterns of insects inhabiting the understory vegetation of a mixed deciduous forest were examined with the help of the sweep-net sampling method. During the study period of 2 years, insects were sampled regularly from the understory vegetation of the three selected habitats (moist-deciduous, riverine, and teak plantation) of the mixed deciduous forest. Insect abundance was maximum in the moist-deciduous habitat and minimum in the teak plantation. Generally, insect abundance was the highest during the southwest monsoon in all habitats. The temporal pattern of fluctuations in the insect abundance followed more or less the same pattern in all the three habitats studied. The insect abundance of the understory vegetation varied among the habitats studied, while the pattern of seasonal fluctuations in insect abundance was comparable among habitats. Composition of the insect community also indicated prominent seasonal changes within habitats than interhabitat changes within a season."},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecological consequences of forest use: from genes to ecosystem - a case study in the Biligiri Rangaswamy temple wildlife sanctuary, South India","authors":"R. Uma Shaanker, K. N. Ganeshaiah, M. Nageswara Rao, NA Aravind","year":2004,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1520589194","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10535/3435","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Digital Library Of The Commons Repository (Indiana University)","citations":31,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"\"Human development on forests can have manifold ecological consequences from the level of genes to the entire ecosystem. Despite the extensive use of forest products by communities, especially in tropical countries such as India, there have been hardly any attempts at monitoring these consequences. Understanding the consequences could facilitate the development of management protocols that, while maintaining the livelihoods of the forest-dependent communities, could help minimize the associated ecological cost. In a unique attempt over the last decade, we have examined the ecological consequences of forest use, from genes to ecosystem, in the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Wildlife Sanctuary, south India. In this article we review these findings and demonstrate that monitoring of biodiversity elements from genes to ecosystem is important in understanding the underlying process of change and in formulating appropriate strategies for the conservation of biodiversity.\""},{"kind":"article","title":"Nesting of Black Ibis (Pseudibis papilliosa) in Thar Desert of Rajasthan","authors":"Sumit Dookia","year":2004,"doi":"10.11609/jott.zpj.1049.1450","url":"https://openalex.org/W2326084152","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.1049.1450","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos Print Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"REFERENCES Allen, K.R. (1938). Some observations on the biology of the trout (Salmo trutta) in Windermere. Journal of Animal Ecology 7: 333-349. Choudhary, D.K., P.S. Choudhary and Chhatbar (1975). A preliminary study of some morphometric characters of Hilsa Sinensis (L.). Association, CIFA, Souvenir 1: 32-34. Devi, T.N., F. Khumar and M.S. Siddiqui (1991). Observations on the morphometric characters of the Catfish, Rita rita (Hamilton) from the River Yamuna in North India. Journal of Inland Fisheries Society of India 23(1): 52-58. Hamza, A.E. (1980). Studies on certain aspects on biology and reproduction of genus Notopterus. Ph.D. Thesis, Culcutta University, Calcutta, India (Unpublished). Kalita, K. and R.K. Rath (1996). Length-weight relationship of male Notopterus notopterus (Pallas). Journal of Environment and Ecology 14(4): 983-984. Kiran, B.R. (2002). Studies on the biology of Chela untrahi of Bhadra Reservoir. Ph.D. Thesis, Kuvempu University, India (Unpublished). LeCren, E.D. (1951). The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the Perch (Perca fluviatilis). Journal of Animal Ecology 20: 210-219. Martin, W.R. (1949). The mechanics of environmental control of body form in fishes. Toronto University of Biological Studies 58: 1-91. Parameswaran, S. and M. Sinha (1966). Observation on the biology of the featherback Notopterus notopterus (Pallas). Indian Journal of Fisheries 13: 232-250. Pauly, D. (1983). Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 234: 1-52. Sarkar, S.K., C. Medda, S. Ganguly and T.K. Basu (1999). Lengthweight relationship and relative condition of bundh and hatchery bred Labeo rohita (Hamilton) during the early period of development. In: de Silva, S.S (editor). Proceedings of the Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Phillippines. Asian Fisheries Science 12: 289-296. Sivakami, S. (1987). Length-weight relationship and relative condition in Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) from Bhavanisagar Reservoir (Tamil Nadu). Indian Journal of Fisheries 34: 136-140. Sunil, M.S. (2000). Length-weight relationship in Rasbora daniconius (Ham.) from Achancoil River, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India. Indian Journal of Fisheries 47(3): 271-274. NEW RECORD ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 19(4): 1450"},{"kind":"article","title":"Residual effect of Sources and Levels of Boron application on Greengram(Vigna radiata L) in Sunflower - Greengram cropping sequence","authors":"A. Renukadevi, P. Savithri, K. Andi","year":2004,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00121","url":"https://openalex.org/W4380878112","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/91-7-12-394-398.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu in Inceptisols (Typic Ustropepts) to evaluate boron fertilizers, (Borax, Boric acid and Agribor) and to assess the right mode, level of boron application on the B content and yield of the residual crop greengram. The experimental field was deficient in available B (0.35 mg kg). Sunflower was raised as a main crop. Different B levels 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg B ha as soil application and two levels of foliar spray 0.2% and 0.3% were compared with control. The treatments were super imposed with recommended dose of NPK. After harvesting the main crop, green gram was raised as a residual crop on the same field without any alternation. The grain haulm yields of green gram were significantly increased by the residual effect of boron applied to the previous crop. Application of B at the rate of 2.0 kg ha recorded highest grain and haulm yields of 958 and 2663 kg ha¹, respectively. The residual effect was not observed at the lower level of B (0.5 kg ha¹) application. The interaction between two source showed that the performances of borax and Agribor were equal at lower levels, while at higher levels Agribor was found superior to borax. Significant correlations existed between B availability and B concentration in grain and haulm and B uptake with yield indicated the residual effect of B on the yield of green gram."},{"kind":"article","title":"Butterfly collection at Entomology Museum, M.E.S. Mampad College, Kerala","authors":"Muhamed Jafer Palot, Oman Abdurahman","year":2003,"doi":"10.11609/jott.zpj.18.10.1229-31","url":"https://openalex.org/W2319500202","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.18.10.1229-31","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos Print Journal","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The M.E.S. Mampad College is situated in the foothills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve about 4km southeast of Nilambur Town. The vegetation of the area is rich and varied with tropical evergreen forests in the upper reaches of the surrounding hills and moist deciduous, semievergreen forests as well as teak and rubber plantations in the lower hills."},{"kind":"article","title":"Endophytic fungal communities in leaves of tropical forest trees: Diversity and distribution patterns","authors":"T. S. Suryanarayanan, G. Venkatesan, T. S. Murali","year":2003,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1224781434","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Current Science","citations":158,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Endophytic fungi cause symptomless infections in healthy tissues of plants. This cryptic guild of fungi is regarded as a benchmark for estimating fungal biodiversity. We studied endophyte distribution, diversity and host recurrence in 24 tree hosts (belonging to 17 plant families) of two dry tropical forests of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. A total of 81 endophyte taxa were isolated from 3600 tissue segments. Fifty-six species were isolated from more than one host. We discerned two groups of fungi in both forests, one group consisting of the ubiquitous forms that dominated the endophyte assemblage of many hosts and the second represented by the less frequent forms. Host density influenced the composition and distribution of endophytes in one of the forests. The existence of ubiquitous forms reduced the diversity of the endophytes in the plant communities. Our results suggest that dry tropical forests are not hyperdiverse with reference to endophytes and that the generalists among endophytes be identified before extrapolating data to calculate global fungal diversity."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nest Tree Utilization by the Malabar Grey Hornbill<i>Ocyceros griseus</i>in the Semi-Evergreen Forest of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary (S India)","authors":"Maheswaran Balaraman, P. Balasubramanian","year":2003,"doi":"10.3161/068.038.0108","url":"https://openalex.org/W2016039778","oa_url":"https://bioone.org/journals/acta-ornithologica/volume-38/issue-1/068.038.0108/Nest-Tree-Utilization-by-the-Malabar-Grey-Hornbill-Ocyceros-griseus/10.3161/068.038.0108.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Acta Ornithologica","citations":10,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The study was carried out between 2000 and 2002 in a semi-evergreen forest in the south-western portion of the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, India. A total of 81 cavities in 19 tree species were used for nesting by Malabar Grey Hornbills during the study. Three tree species: Lagerstroemia microcarpa, Terminalia bellirica and T. crenulata together made up 69% of all the nest trees used. The mean height of the nest trees was 36 ± 6 m, girth at breast height 3 ± 1 m and nest height 17 ± 6 m. 35 (67%) nest holes were re-used in 2001 while 21 (40%) nest holes were re-used in 2002. Terminalia crenulata was the tree re-used most often. Nest fidelity by the Malabar Grey Hornbill was reduced owing to competition by other cavity users."},{"kind":"article","title":"Application of molecular sexing to free-ranging Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) populations in southern India*","authors":"T. N. C. Vidya, Vineet Kumar, C. Arivazhagan, Raman Sukumar","year":2003,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1647591941","oa_url":"http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/184/1/Vidya_et_al_2003_CurrSci.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","citations":23,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Selective poaching of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) males for ivory has resulted in highly female-biased adult sex ratios, necessitating regular monitoring of population structure and demography. We demonstrate that molecular sexing from dung-extracted DNA, based on ZFX-ZFY fragment amplification and ZFY-specific BamHI site restriction, can be applied to estimate sex ratios of free-ranging Asian elephants, in addition to or instead of field demographic methods. The adult sex ratios using molecular sexing in Nagarahole and Mudumalai-Bandipur reserves during May 2001 were 1:3.1, which matched the demography-based sex ratio for the same month, and 1:9.4, respectively.\\n \\n"},{"kind":"article","title":"BSR-1 - a high yielding, self-fruitful aonla variety from Tamil Nadu.","authors":"N. Chezhiyan, K. A. Shanmugasundaram","year":2003,"doi":"10.37855/jah.2003.v05i02.26","url":"https://openalex.org/W3015596248","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"BSR-1 is a new high-yielding (155 kg/tree, 42 952 kg/ha), self-fruitful, and late-maturing cultivar of aonla (Emblica officinalis [P. emblica]) selected from a large number of germplasm from Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India. Its fruits are flattened at the base and round at the apex, with an average weight of 27.30 g/fruit. The fruits contain high total soluble solids (18.1 degrees brix) and vitamin C (620 mg/100 g of flesh), low phenol (29.75 mg/g of flesh), and high crude fibre content (4.31%)."},{"kind":"article","title":"The past and present of water management in semi-arid India: a case study from Satyamangalam, Pudukottai district, Tamil Nadu","authors":"D Palayan, Aurélie Roussary, Krishnamurthy Anupama, Yanni Gunnell","year":2003,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3172537097","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"International audience"},{"kind":"article","title":"Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products in Tamil Nadu","authors":"L. Krishnamoorthy, S. Varadharaj, G. Mani, J.E. Adeline Vinila","year":2003,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps2000-2003-602o52","url":"https://openalex.org/W4386747908","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Non Timber Forest Products","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Almost all the states in India have Forest Corporations dealing in collection, processing and marketing of forest products. Poor forest labourers who were previously dis-organised have now been brought under the umbrella of various organisations like Forest Labour Cooperative Societies, Large-area Multipurpose Societies (LAMPS), Tribal Development Corporations (TDC) and Minor Forest Produce Federations (MFPF). The Tribal Federation (TRIFED), a government agency, is protecting the interest of the tribals by providing marketing support to state-level corporations, federations and cooperatives dealing with collection of Non-Timber Forest Products by involving tribals. The tribal cooperative society gets collection right of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from forest department on payment of lease every year. The lease amount is decided after a thorough survey of the resources inside in the forest by the forest officials. The lease period normally falls from 1st June to 31st May. Collection and marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products being a tedious process several preliminary works and marketing channels do exist to carry on the work. Hence the study was taken up in the Kolli hills of Salem District, Sathyamangalam Forest Division of Erode District and in the Pollachi Division of Tamil Nadu to unravel the tie up activities involved in this collection and marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products. The societies involved, products collected and the collection rate fixed are dealt in detail."},{"kind":"article","title":"Modern propagation techniques- a conservaion tool for certain endemic medicinal plants in nilgiri biosphere reserve.","authors":"S Paulsamy, K Arumugasamy","year":2002,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2410837945","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3331040","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"PubMed","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"There plant species of medicinal and vegatational fire break importance such as Berberis tinctoria, Elaegnus kologa and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa were identified in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve and their eco-physiological behaviors were analysed. The study revealed that generally all the there species were having shorter period of seed dormacy, poor viability of seeds and higher mortality of saplings. These poor eco-physiological features are the major factors for their limited distribution, lesser population and weaker establishment. Hence to overcome these factors the modern reproductive strategies like tissue culture techniques are suggested."},{"kind":"article","title":"STUDIES ON THE BIODIVERSITY OF NEW AMARAMBALAM RESERVED FORESTS OF NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE","authors":"George Mathew, K. Mohanadas, P. Vijayakumaran Nair","year":2002,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2183813772","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":2,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Ethnomedicinal plants for womenfolk’s health care in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats","authors":"J. Sashikumar, K. Janardhanan","year":2002,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps2000-2002-0tohp6","url":"https://doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2002-0tohp6","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Migration of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in the New Amarambalam Reserve Forest of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"George Mathew, C.F. Binoy","year":2002,"doi":"10.11609/jott.zpj.17.8.844-7","url":"https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.17.8.844-7","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos' Print Journal","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Identification of QTLs for yield and its component traits, and downy mildrew (Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schrot.) resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R. Br)","authors":"T. Nepolean","year":2002,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W96188774","oa_url":"http://oar.icrisat.org/5478/1/T-63451.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Open Access Repository of ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics)","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"4ndhra Pradcsh Thls study was formulated to ~mprove rhc yreld potential of hybnds of 1'1 '32.4.0, u hlch I S one ol' the ul~te arid imponant male-stenle llnes used In hyhnd 1)rcedlng programs In Tamll Nadu Ident~ficat~on ol' downy ~n ~l d e w resistance ycnomlc reglons was also set as an add~t~onal object~be One hundred m d th~ny-srx F> denbed F4 self-bulks of a pearl m~llet mapplng populat~on (skeleton-mapped F! ~ndiv~duals) dcnved tiom PT 7 3 2 8 x P 1449-2 were used as the has~c source populat~on for t h ~s study.P7' 1450, an elite poll~nator ~nbred was used for producrng tcstcross hyhr~ds for each o f the 136 Fr self-bulks To rdentrfy the QTLs for y ~e l d and 11s component traits, the testcross hybnds were raised at two locat~ons In Tamil Nadu namely.a1 Tam11 Nadu .Agricultural Un~vers~ty.Coimbalore and at Regional Research Stat~on.Bhavanisagar dunng October 2001.Disease resrstance screenrng was also conducted at these two I o c ~t ~u ~i s using sc1ir.dseeds ~)i [;; ,elf hulks Jurlny tkt0hr.r0 0 1 t ' ~~h r e ' ~i 01 1.5 \\\\C'IC ~dcrit~tied iron1 he I\\\\(> loc.it~orls lor nine .~grono~ii~ctralts uslng pl~lit I I C I ~~~I .IIIIIC 10 5(1\",) stlgnld cnicrgunce plant height togerhcr \\rlth Itnit to 50\"a s[lgmd cniergmce as predictors of the renialnlng y~eld-related Iralts .\\rnongthese rilne traits.t1111c to 50\"\" stigma emergence.panlclc s~rcuml'erencc, plant hclght, panicle length ;und yr;lln yeld per wason reg~slered one Q7'1.. ~liousa~ld-gra111 riidss rcg~stcrcd 1 ~1 ~ O'l 1.s.graln yield per day reg~stered three QTl-s ~n d slngle-panicle grdlrl mass rey~stcrcd lour (Jl'l.s.Phe .rcross-locationsdata set produced S I X QTLs for live traits (ie~io~iilc rcylons on L.(i 4 and I. (; 7 controlled these tralts.For downy m~ldew resistance, tivc d~iierent Q1.1-s were ~i e ~e c t e d on four linkage groups using d t s e s e lncldence percentage and arc-sln radians \\ d u e s .Of these two QTLs were ldentllied from the Coirnbatore data set on I-Ci 2. two irorn the Rhavanlsagur data set on LC; 1 and 1-G 4 and one from the across-locations d a ~a set on L C 7. Cira~n yield performance of hybrlds for 'Tam11 Nadu conditions can bc inlprovcd by marker-ass~sted hack crosslny of these QT1.s rcglons tnto seed parent palr I' T ' j 2 k B Marker-ass~sted transfer of resrstance QTLs arid pyrarn~d~ny of' reslslancc Zenrs may Improve resistance to downy m ~l d e w dlsease.Dr. 4 .K ."},{"kind":"article","title":"Drip irrigation and fertigation studies in tapioca","authors":"P. Manickasundaram, P. Selvaraj, V V KRISHNAMOORTHI, P GNANAMURTHY","year":2002,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00250","url":"https://openalex.org/W4381085736","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/89-7-9-466-468.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Experiments were conducted in sandyloam soils of Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar for three years during 1996-2000 to evaluate the efficiency of drip system of irrigation and to assess the impact of fertigation of nitrogen in tapioca. The results revealed that scheduling irrigation through drip once in two days at 100 per cent of surface method of irrigation registered the highest mean tuber yield of 58.7 t ha-1 which was significantly superior over surface irrigation scheduled at 0.60 IW/CPE ratio. The tuber yields in surface irrigation and irrigation through drip at 50 per cent of surface method were comparable. Fertigation of N at different levels failed to reveal marked variation on yield. The per cent saving in irrigation water under drip scheduled at 50 per cent of surface irrigation was 48.4 per cent compared with that of surface method of irrigation. The water use efficiency was 20 to 60 per cent higher in drip irrigation treatments compared to that of surface irrigation method."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of boron fertilizers for a sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) - green gram (Vigna radiata L) cropping sequence in Inceptisols","authors":"A. Renukadevi, P. Savithri, K. Andi","year":2002,"doi":"10.1556/aagr.50.2002.2.7","url":"https://openalex.org/W2006244606","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Acta Agronomica Hungarica","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, India during 1999 to 2000 in Inceptisols to evaluate boron fertilizers (borax, boric acid, Agribor) and to assess the effect of the mode and level of B application on the total B uptake and yield of sunflower and green gram. The experimental field was found to be deficient in available B (0.35 mg kg -1 ). Sunflower was raised as the main crop. Different B levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5and 2.0 kg B ha -1 )as soil application and two levels of foliar spray (0.2% and 0.3%) were compared with the control. The treatments were superimposed on the recommended dose of NPK. After harvestingthe main crop of sunflower, the residual effect of B was studied by raising green gram on the same field. The results revealed that the application of all the levels of B resulted in a significant increase in the B uptake and yield of sunflower as compared to the control. The highest yield was recorded for the soil application of B at a rate of 2.0 kg ha -1 . The yield increase of sunflower was 3.6 to 15.8% and 7.2 to 18.9% over the control for seed and stalk, respectively. The green gram grain yield increased by 4.2 to 13.5% after the application of 1.0 and 2.0 kg B ha -1 to the main crop. No residual effect was observed for the lowest level of B application (0.5 kg ha -1 ). Agribor is equally as effective as borax in influencing the B nutrition of both the crops."},{"kind":"article","title":"Simulating the impacts of land-use and climate change on water resource availability for a large south Indian catchment","authors":"Julie Wilk, Denis Hughes","year":2002,"doi":"10.1080/02626660209492904","url":"https://openalex.org/W2088693947","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02626660209492904?needAccess=true&role=button","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","citations":96,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A monthly rainfall-runoff model was calibrated for a large tropical catchment in southern India. Various land-use and climatic change scenarios were tested to assess their effects on mean annual runoff and assured water yield at the Bhavanisagar Reservoir in Tamil Nadu, India. The largest increase in runoff (19%) came from converting forest and savanna (the indigenous control scenario) to agriculture. Mean annual runoff decreased by 35% after conversion to commercial forest and 6% after partial conversion to tea plantations. The predicted climate scenarios of reduced dry season rainfall decreased the annual runoff by 5% while enhanced annual rainfall caused a 17% increase in runoff. Even if land-use and climate changes had relatively large effects on runoff, the changes in reservoir yield which can be assured every year, were often less severe. This was probably due to the buffering effect of the reservoir and variation in the mean annual runoff."},{"kind":"article","title":"Gender and social organization in the reliefs of the Nilgiri Hills","authors":"Allen Zagarell","year":2002,"doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511489631.006","url":"https://openalex.org/W2505104799","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Udhagmandalam (Ooty), nestled in the high reaches of the South Indian Nilgiri Mountains, is an exotic resort town for lowland Indians, as it was for the British colonists. The thick Nilgiri forests, unusually cold weather, and occasional frost-covered grasslands all speak of the unique environment of the region. This western mountain region, the meeting point of the Western and Eastern Ghats, rises 2,636 meters above the surrounding plain. It sits astride some of the major routes connecting the west and east coasts. To the west are the hills leading down to Kerala, while to the south and east are foothills and the great plain of Tamil Nadu. To the north is the deep Moyar River Ditch, surrounded by the Nilgiri Mountains to the south and the Karnataka Plateau on the north, providing a throughway into the open plain to the east. The Nilgiris consist of rugged cliffs alternating with more gently rolling hills surrounding fertile valleys. The valleys are shaped by streams emanating from the mountains, with these river courses carrying large volumes of water from ample rainfall (up to 5,000 mm per annum). These high mountains, despite their natural beauty and productive potential, were believed to have been so difficult of egress, with their mighty cliffs, thick forests, malarial infestation, and wild animals, that they were only amenable to the native “tribal” peoples who traditionally inhabited them. The native peoples of this mountainous region were also viewed as exotic, supposedly isolated, living on the margins of a civilized world."},{"kind":"article","title":"Participatory resource monitoring for non-timber forest products in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka, India","authors":"Setty, Siddappa, Kamaljit S. Bawa, Bommaiah, J","year":2001,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2895190733","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"ATREE Digital Repository","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Extensive harvesting of plant and animal products from natural ecosystems is one of the principal causes of the loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystems. In India, as elsewhere, millions of people derive their&#13;\\nlivelihoods by harvesting a wide variety of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) from the ecosystem. Although local communities had some sort of monitoring programs in place to estimate production and harvest levels, such systems are gradually breaking down with increasing&#13;\\ncommercialization and the loss of local control over resources. We initiated a program of participatory resource monitoring (PRM) with the Soligas, the indigenous people of the Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Wildlife Sanctuary, as part of an effort to develop models of sustainable use of forest resources (Bawa, 1999). A detailed description of BRT is available in Ramesh (1989) and Hegde el al. (1996). The Soligas derive almost half their income from NTFPs (Lele el al., unpublished data). Of the various products that the&#13;\\nSoligas harvest, the most important are Phyllanlhus emblica and P. indojischeri (collectively known as 'amla'), and honey from Apis dorsala, or rock bees."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nontimber forest product extraction, utilization and valuation: A case study from the Nilgiri Biosphere reserve, southern India","authors":"Kodandapani Narendran, Indu K Murthy, H. S. Suresh, H. S. Dattaraja, N. H. Ravindranath, R. Sukumar","year":2001,"doi":"10.1007/bf02871715","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02871715","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Economic Botany","citations":46,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of weeds Lantana camara and Chromelina odorata growth on the species diversity, regeneration and stern density of tree and shrub layer in BRT sanctuary","authors":"K. S. Murali, Siddapa R Setty","year":2001,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2223582168","oa_url":"http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/1977/1/BRT_sanctuary.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","citations":35,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A study was undertaken in Biligiri Rangan hills Temple wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka covering an area of 540 km(2) by laying 134 plots measuring 80 m x 5 m at 2-km intervals over the sanctuary, to understand the influence of two weeds, Lantana camara and Chromelina odorata, on species richness and stem density, All stems above 1 cm DBH were enumerated. Plots were classified based on the presence and absence of Lantana and Chromelina. Species richness and stem density were high in the plots infested with Lantana compared to control and lower species richness was recorded in plots infested with Chromelina compared to Lantana, It is argued that Lantana may not suppress the growth of other species; it probably grows in the plots with more moisture, preferred by many other species."},{"kind":"article","title":"Assessment of livestock grazing pressure in and around the elephant corridors in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, south India","authors":"Chandra Shekhar Silori, Bidyut Kumar Mishra","year":2001,"doi":"10.1023/a:1013285910650","url":"https://openalex.org/W1542365089","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Biodiversity and Conservation","citations":87,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Acceptable dry land moisture conservation practices for western agroclimate sub zone of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Natarajan, T. N. Balasubramanian, K. Vaiyapuri, M AYYASAMY","year":2001,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00385","url":"https://openalex.org/W4381805924","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/88-10-12-615-617.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Eight field experiments (one on station trial, seven on-farm research trials) were conducted both during North east monsoon and South west monsoon of 1998 and 1999 in sorghum, groundnut, sunflower and maize in alfisol drylands of western agro climate subzone. The results revealed that sorghum responded well for the moisture conservation practice 'basin listing\", when it was sown during South west monsoon 1998 at Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Similarly in the same season of 1999 under farmers condition, in situ moisture conservation practice namely contour sowing, followed by ridging three weeks later was the best for dry land groundnut crops. Of the two crops sown during North east monsoon 1999 tieing alternate furrows with mulching of locally available material seemed to be the best soil moisture conservation methods for the dryland maize crops. In the same season sunflower responded highly when the moisture conservation practices namely sowing in contour followed by ridging three weeks later was adopted. The result further indicated that in situ moisture conservation practices to be adopted varied with seasonal rainfall and within season it varied between crops indicating the need of the development of location specific technology."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of coated DAP and nimin coated urea on available P status of wetland rice soil","authors":"M SELVALAKSHMI, L. Devarajan","year":2001,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00354","url":"https://openalex.org/W4381684173","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/88-7-9-403-406.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"To evaluate the efficiency of coated DAP in rice variety ADT 36 (Short duration: 105-110 days in Kuruvai season) and Nimin coated urea in rice variety IR 20 (Medium duration: 130-135 days in late samba season), two field experiments were conducted on a low P available loamy sand soil (Udic Ustropept) at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during the period 1997-98. Phosphorus was applied at levels 100, 80 and 60 per cent of recommended Pas coated and uncoated DAP and recommended dose of N was coated with Nimin. The treatments receiving coated DAP in first experiment, coated DAP along with Nimin coated urea in second experiment recorded the higher availability of P than uncoated fertilizers."},{"kind":"article","title":"Nesting Ecology of the Spotted Munia<i>Lonchura punctulata</i>in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary (Southern India)","authors":"Varadhrajan Gokula","year":2001,"doi":"10.3161/068.036.0107","url":"https://openalex.org/W2043955086","oa_url":"https://bioone.org/journals/acta-ornithologica/volume-36/issue-1/068.036.0107/Nesting-Ecology-of-the-Spotted-Munia-Lonchura-punctulata-in-Mudumalai/10.3161/068.036.0107.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Acta Ornithologica","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The nesting period of the Spotted Munia is from July to November, a period with frequent rains. Built of grass, nests (n = 60) were spherical or dome-shaped, with a lateral entrance-hole oriented mainly along the most frequent wind direction. They were mostly built on twigs within the tree canopy, the majority of them on thorny plant species. The mean depth and diameter of the nests were 12.32 cm and 4.18 cm respectively. Nesting activities were shared by both sexes. Four to six eggs were laid. The incubation period in 17 pairs varied from 10 to 15 days. All the nests (n = 60) were situated on four plant species only, the greatest preference being for Toddalia asiatica (50%), followed by Gymnosporia montana (25%) and Acacia chundra (20%). Although 50% of the nests were found on T. asiatica, this plant is a straggler and no nest was built on it if it was not present in association with G. montana. For constructing nests the Spotted Munia selected short and small trees in a microhabitat with low canopy cover."},{"kind":"article","title":"A study on census of large herbivorous mammals during dry season in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, southern India","authors":"Surendra Varma, S. Asokan","year":2001,"doi":"10.11609/jott.zpj.16.6.516-20","url":"https://openalex.org/W2166986000","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.16.6.516-20","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos Print Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A census was carried out during January-April, 1988 in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary to determine the density and number of large mammals during the dry season. Walking and vehicle transects were used in four different habitat types in the study area. The total number of animals sighted were recorded and density was calculated. The Spotted Deer density was very low in riverine forests. Sambar Deer were distributed in all habitats. Elephants were common in swampy areas and were not sighted in scrub jungle. The density of Gaurs was quite low. The Spotted Deer density was higher along the roadside than the dry deciduous forest whereas, Sambar Deer and Elephants were found more inside the forest. These results also show the habitat utilisation of these animals. Accuracy in the estimation of the density of all the animals is very difficult. Therefore it is best to use a combination of walking transects inside the forest and road transects. Since the number of animals also varies according to seasons it would be appropriate to divide the study area by habitat type before the census."},{"kind":"article","title":"A study of the ecology of select species of weeds in different vegetation types of Nilgiri biosphere reserve","authors":"Maya Mahajan","year":2000,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2465999587","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Seasonality and abundance of insects with special reference to butterflies lepidoptera rhopalocera in a moist deciduous forest of Siruvani Nilgiri biosphere reserve South India","authors":"P.R. Arun","year":2000,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2474490779","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of biostimulants on yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)","authors":"R. Muralidharan, A. Saravanan, P. Muthuvel","year":2000,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00524","url":"https://openalex.org/W153012532","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/87-10-12-625-628.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in a sandy loam soil at Agricultural Research Station farm, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu, during August December 1999 to study the effect of biostimulants on yield and quality of tomato. Foliar sprays of different growth stimulants significantly influenced the yield and quality parameters of PKM 1 tomato. The highest yield response was obtained by foliar sprays of vipul 0.1 per cent EC (Triacontanol) at 300 ml ha' for three times at 25, 45 and 65 days after transplanting (36.0 t ha). Besides this, fruit quality parameters were improved by this treatment."},{"kind":"article","title":"Notes on the distribution and ethnobotany of some medicinal orchids in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"P. Balasubramanian, A. Rajasekaran, Satkar Prasad","year":2000,"doi":"10.11609/jott.zpj.15.11.368","url":"https://openalex.org/W2316179403","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.15.11.368","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Zoos Print Journal","citations":5,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Received on 25 April 2000 Accepted on 1 September 2000 During ethnobotanical surveys in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Western Ghats, we encountered several orchid species. Of those, the following four species were found interesting because of their ethnobotanical importance. These plant species are used for medicinal purposes by tribals inhabiting forest settlements. Their ethnomedicinal uses along with notes on distribution within Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve are given below."},{"kind":"article","title":"Descriptions of Two New Gall Midges (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Karnataka","authors":"R. M. Sharma","year":1999,"doi":"10.26515/rzsi/v97/i2/1999/160212","url":"https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v97/i2/1999/160212","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Records of the Zoological Survey of India","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Phytogeographical Affinities of Flora of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve","authors":"Suresh H.S., R. Sukumar","year":1999,"doi":"10.22244/rheedea.1999.09.01.01","url":"https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.1999.09.01.01","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Rheedea","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Indigenous forest use practices and sustainability : a case study of the Adivasis of the Nilgiri Biosphere region, South India","authors":"Ann M. Dudley","year":1999,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2208415287","oa_url":"http://library2.smu.ca/xmlui/handle/01/22334","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","citations":4,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Elephant corridors in India: lessons for other elephant range countries","authors":"A. J. T. Johnsingh, A. Christy Williams","year":1999,"doi":"10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00063.x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2084211251","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Oryx","citations":57,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract The conservation status of five elephant corridors in different regions of India is discussed. Elephants have not used the 13-km-wide corridor between Ariankavu and Thenmalai, in the southern portion of the Western Ghats for several decades because a rail track and road, both of which are bordered by human habitations, cross it. The future of the Chilla–Motichur and Rajaji–Corbett corridors, which hold the Rajaji–Corbett elephant population in north-west India as one entity, is bleak. It is still possible for elephants to use the Kallar–Jaccanari corridor linking the 4000-strong elephant population of northern and southern Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in southern India. It may be possible to save the Siju–Rewak corridor, which connects the elephant populations on either side of the River Simsang in north-east India. The authors suggest that other Asian countries that have elephant populations and that are capable of establishing large conservation units, should have master plans that should detail possible developmental activities around existing wildlife habitats. Establishing vast protected areas for large mammals, however, would need political will and regular communication among the nations' development planners, wildlife managers and researchers."},{"kind":"article","title":"NITROGEN RELEASE PATTERN OF GREEN MANURES IN SODIC SOIL","authors":"L. Aruna, G. Selvakumari, Rajat Mohan","year":1999,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00616","url":"https://openalex.org/W4382863912","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/86-7-9-356-359.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at ARS. Bhavanisagar, to study the N release pattern of green manure before and after rice transplanting in sodic soil. Production of N fractions (NII, N and NO, N) were higher with the green manure crop Seshania aculeata before rice transplanting and gypsum application when compared with green leaf manure crop Pongamia glabra due to its higher N content and instantaneous. easy decomposition. In the presence of rice crop. the NH, N reached the first peak during third week and second peak during sixth week whereas NO, N recorded the peak during ninth week in all the treatments. The higher N fractions were recorded in green manure. (GM) gypsum treatment and lowest in gypsum alone treatment."},{"kind":"article","title":"RATIONALIZED FERTILISER PRESCRIPTION FOR SUNFLOWER BASED ON SOIL TEST CROP RESPONSE STUDIES","authors":"S. Maragatham, S. Chellamuthu","year":1999,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00666","url":"https://openalex.org/W4382877034","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/86-10-12-590-593.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted with maize as a gradient crop and sunflower as test crop in Inceptisols of Lower Bhavani project area at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Erode District. The concept of fertiliser prescription for specific yield target was adopted for optimizing the fertiliser dose for sunflower. A soil test calibration and fertiliser prediction for an yield target of 20 and 25 quintal of sunflower seed for KMnO-N, Olsen-P and Morgans Reagent-S were worked out."},{"kind":"article","title":"IRRIGATION AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN BANANA","authors":"KRISHNAMURTHI V.V, P. Manickasundaram, M AYYASAMY","year":1999,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00670","url":"https://openalex.org/W4382876974","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/86-10-12-601-603.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The results of the experiment conducted at Agricultural Research Station. Bhavanisagar during 1994 and 1995 on irrigation and nutrient management in banana (variety Rasathali) revealed that irrigating the crop once in 6-7 days upto 7 months and once in 5-6 days from 7-14 months recorded 18.7 per cent increased yield over normal practice. Regarding nitrogen, application of 125% of recommended dose of N was found to be the best."},{"kind":"article","title":"Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 5. Influence of dispersal mode on species response to anthropogenic pressures","authors":"K. N. Ganeshaiah, R. Uma Shaanker, K. S. Murali, Uma Shankar, Kamaljit S. Bawa","year":1998,"doi":"10.1007/bf02862150","url":"https://openalex.org/W2078020758","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Economic Botany","citations":31,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 4. impact on floristic diversity and population structure in a thorn scrub forest","authors":"Uma Shankar, K. S. Murali, R. Uma Shaanker, K. N. Ganeshaiah, Kamaljit S. Bawa","year":1998,"doi":"10.1007/bf02862149","url":"https://openalex.org/W2091040498","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Economic Botany","citations":50,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 6. fuelwood pressure and management options","authors":"Uma Shankar, Ravi Hegde, Kamaljit S. Bawa","year":1998,"doi":"10.1007/bf02862151","url":"https://openalex.org/W2093353484","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Economic Botany","citations":50,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"SURVEY OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS IN KERALA PART OF NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERVE","authors":"P. S. Easa","year":1998,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2182732786","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Ranging and resource utilization by asian Elephant _Elephas maximus Linnaeus_ in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve South India","authors":"Nagarajan Baskaran","year":1998,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2543812841","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":22,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"TIME OF PLANTING STUDIES IN SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS","authors":"A NANDHAGOPAL, Sevgan Subramanian, Arun Gopalan","year":1998,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00705","url":"https://openalex.org/W4382876806","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/85-3-4-173-175.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was conducted to study the response of sunflower hybrids Viz, BSH-1 and MSFH 17 in different dates of sowing during summer and Kharif seasons of 1991-93 at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. The results revealed that with the hybrid MSFH 17, early June and Mid December plantings gave higher seed yield, head diameter, seed filling, hundred seed weight and oil content."},{"kind":"article","title":"Glyptothorax davissinghi (Pisces: Sisoridae) a new cat fish from Nilambur in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, south India","authors":"Arunachalam Manimekalan, Hitesh Das","year":1998,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13471101","url":"https://openalex.org/W2518449829","oa_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/155882","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","citations":9,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Late Quaternary Movements and Landscape Rejuvenation in Southeastern Karnataka and Adjoining Tamil Nadu in Southern Indian Shield","authors":"K. S. Valdiya","year":1998,"doi":"10.17491/jgsi/1998/510202","url":"https://openalex.org/W2632858130","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","citations":71,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract Late Quaternary movements on N-S trending segmented faults in the Southern Indian Shield have given rise to en echelon linear hills and isolated hillocks that abruptly rise 300 to 400m above the 900 m Bangalore peneplain covered thickly with red soil, and are made up of remarkably fresh Precambrian rocks devoid of soil capping. Tilting of soil-covered regolith on the fault-delimited hill flanks together with extraordinarily severe gully erosion in the confines of narrow fault zones bear testimony to continuing movements on these active faults, which also gave rise to many tectonic lakes following stream ponding. Further south, &amp;gt; 1800 m high Biligirirangan-Mahadeswaramalai Hills represent fault-lined horsts, drained by meandering streams that fall and cascade down their steep scarps. Folding of Recent fluvial gravel, development of spectacular knee bend in an otherwise very straight fault valley, and abrupt pronounced northward shift of the Kaveri River from its original southeasterly course indicate Holocene movements on the faults delimiting the horsts. The &amp;gt;2500 m high Nilgiri massif amidst the 300-150 m Tirupattur-Coimbatore plain is characterized by gently undulating top with very thick soil cover and lazily flowing streams that drop down precipitous scarps (of 1800 to 2000 m sheer fall) through chasms and gorges. Ponding of streams due to reactivation of faults gave rise to lakes comprising 20,000 to 5000 year-old peat within black clays. Thrusting up of the Nilgiri block on the E-W oriented Moyar Shear Zone (which separates the Southern Granulite Terrane from the Dharwar Craton) is a continuing phenomenon, as evident from spectacular rejuvenation of meandering streams, development of multitudes of deep defiles and waterfalls, presence of unfurrowed straight planar valley slopes, and recurrent seismicity in the Moyar Shear Zone. The thrust movements on the E-W shear zones have been, and are being transmitted northwards as strike-slip and oblique-slip movements on the N-S trending faults in the Dharwar Craton. Close association of epicentres with the fault zones implies that the strain accumulated in the Peninsular Shield is being relaxed through reactivation of these active faults of Precambrian antiquity."},{"kind":"reference","title":"New record of Schismatorhynchus (Nukta) Nukta (Sykes) (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from Moyar River, Tamil Nadu","authors":"A Manimekalan; D F Singh","year":1997,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/biostor-152704","oa_url":null,"licence":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/","full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Sociobiology and HLA genetic polymorphism in hill tribes, the Irula of the Nilgiri hills and the Malayali of the Shevroy hills, south India.","authors":"Ramasamy Pitchappan, K. Balakrishnan, V. Sudarsen, V Brahmajothi, Vaithiyanathan Mahendran, S Amalraj, R Santhakumari, Koothapuli Vijayakumar","year":1997,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1566440051","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"PubMed","citations":12,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Two endogamous tribes of Tamil Nadu, South India, the Irula of the Nilgiri hills and the Malayali of the Shevroy hills, were studied for their sociobiology and HLA polymorphism. For sociobiological studies 166 marriages in the Irula and 368 marriages in the Malayali were recorded. The number and spatial distribution of patrilineal clans and their marriageable range (number of clans from which the brides came) were studied. Eight clans in the Irula and 16 clans in the Malayali were identified. Of these the Kuppar of the Irula and the Malayan of Malayali were the largest clans, and both of them had the greatest marriageable range. The numerical strength and the resultant spatial distribution correlated well with the marriageable range. HLA-A, B, and DR polymorphism was studied on 191 Irula and 42 Malayali following standard procedures. HLA typing revealed high frequencies (> 10%) of alleles HLA-A2, A9, A11, B17, B35, B40, DR2, and DR7 in both tribes, but the Irula had elevated HLA-A10, B8, and DR8 frequencies and the Malayali had elevated HLA-A31, B7, DR4, and DR5 frequencies. Two-locus haplotypes A10-B8 and A2-B5 were identified in both tribes, but A11-B40 and A2-B53 were present only in the Irula and A33-B44 and B15-DR6 were present only in the Malayali. The sociobiology of the Irula was correlated to the HLA genetic profile. The Irula sample was stratified based on clan and HLA data; The Kuppar clan was closer to the Kalkatti, the second largest clan, than to the Pungar and the Sambar clans. Thus the numerical strength and spatial distribution of various exogamous clans, presumably a result of migration during different periods of history, is reflected in the marriageable range and thus in the genetic distance. In studying HLA or any other genetic polymorphism of an endogamous tribe or caste, one needs to consider the social structure, spatial distribution, and marriageable range."},{"kind":"article","title":"Evaluation of Sorghum Lines for Multiple Disease Resistance in India","authors":"Y. D. Narayana, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, S Pande, Kusum Mathur, H. Shekar Shetty","year":1997,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W35227352","oa_url":"http://oar.icrisat.org/1654/1/JMycoPlPath72%283%29271-274_1997.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Open Access Repository of ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Twenty seven sorghum accessions/breeding lines possessing resistance to individual diseases were evaluated between 1984 and 1987 at Dharwar and Mysore (Karnataka) for downy mildew (DM), caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi, Patancheru, ICRISAT Asia Center (Andhra Pradesh) and Bhavanisagar (Tamil Nadu) for grain mould (GM), caused by a complex of Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium pallidoroseum, Curvularia lunata [Cochliobolus lunatus] and Phoma sorghina, Dharwar for rust (RU), caused by Puccinia purpurea, Udaipur (Rajasthan) for grey leaf spot (GL), caused by Cercospora sorghi, and Pantnagar (Uttar Pradesh) for anthracnose (AN), caused by Colletotrichum graminicola, zonate leaf spot (ZL), caused by Gloeocercospora sorghi and GL. IS 8283 and IS 8607 were resistant to all 6 diseases; IS 3547, IS 8185 and M 35610 were resistant to 4 diseases; IS 3443, IS 3546, IS 14332, IS 14387 and IS 22227 were resistant to 3 diseases and 13 genotypes were resistant to 2 diseases at all the locations. Some of these accessions are being used in crossing programmes to breed for multiple disease resistance."},{"kind":"article","title":"Performance evaluation of integrated rural development programme a study with special referance to Bhavanisagar block","authors":"P Parthipan","year":1997,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2461965760","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Shodhganga","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF TIME OF NITROGEN APPLICATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF IRRIGATED RICE","authors":"K. Ramamoorthy, KRISHNAMURTHI V.V, A. Balasubramanian","year":1997,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00932","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383273201","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/84-11-12-647-649.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during kharif seasons of 1994 and 1995 on transplanted rice to study the effect of doses and timing of N application. Increasing rate of N application upto 200 kg N/ha significantly increased the grain\" yield mainly dur to improvement in yield attributes like productive tillers and filled grains per panicle. N applied in 5 splits at 7 DAT, active tillering, panicle initiation heading and floweing stages along with Seshania rostrata incorporation produced maximum grain yield and economics."},{"kind":"article","title":"New record of Schismatorhynchus (Nukta) Nukta (Sykes) (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from Moyar River, Tamil Nadu","authors":"Arunachalam Manimekalan, D. F. Singh","year":1997,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13493122","url":"https://openalex.org/W2923927334","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13493122","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"Human Intereference and its Impact on Elephant Corridors in Sathyamangalam &amp; Coimbatore Forest Divisions in Tamil Nadu, Southern India","authors":"B. Ramakrishnan, N. Sivaganesan, Rajiv Srivastava","year":1997,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-1997-8y007b","url":"https://openalex.org/W4414103943","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Human interference and its effects in Sujalkuttai – Bannari Corridor and Kallar – Vedar Colony Corridor in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve have been studied from December 1994 to April 1995. Most people visit the corridors primarily for fuel-wood collection, some of them for grazing livestock and few for collecting minor forest produce. Female population depend on the corridors for fuel-wood, while the male population use the corridor predominantly for grazing their livestock, temporal use of the corridors by local people for fuel-wood collection and grazing considerably varies. In both the corridors fuel-wood is extracted mostly from hill slopes and other inaccessible areas to elephants. Local people move more than 3 km from the villages in the Sujalkuttai-Bannari Corridor for fuel-wood while the elephant population use the forests up to 2 km distance from villages, and thus there is an overlap in the habitat use by man and elephants. In both the corridors the elephants do prefer many of the plant species which are largely collected by villagers as fuel-wood."},{"kind":"article","title":"Human interference and its impact on elephant corridors in Sathyamangalam & Coimbatore Forest Divisions in Tamil Nadu, southern India.","authors":"B. Ramakrishnan, N. Sivaganesan, Rajiv Srivastava","year":1997,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W1154139724","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Turmeric - maize and onion intercropping systems. III. Nutrient uptake","authors":"PALANIAPPAN, K SIVARAMAN, S P","year":1996,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/617709724.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/617709724.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Experiments were conducted at Bhavanisagar and Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India) to determine uptake of nutrients as influenced by intercropping systems with turmeric (Curcuma langa) - maize (Zea mays) and onion (Allium cepa), and to study nitrogen uptake pattern by various plant parts of turmeric in such situations. The results revealed that nutrient uptake by the intercropping systems was higher than the uptake of either of the sole crops of turmeric, maize and onion. The total uptake of nitrogen by various intercropping systems varied from 61 to 80 per cent more than the uptake of nitrogen by the sole crop ofturmeric at Bhavanisagar and 57 to 77 per cent at Coimbatore. Similarly it varied from 82 to 104 per cent more than the sole crop of maize at both the locations. A similar result was obtained in onion also. Similar trends were observed in uptake of phosphorus and potassium in the intercropping systems. The results indicated that for sustainable production of intercropping systems, meeting the combined nutritional requirements of component crops is essential.\n&nbsp"},{"kind":"reference","title":"Bhavanisagar Dam as Tourist Centre","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1996,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-11-1996-2-13-3-QH20_1996-08-22","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Extraction of non-timber forest products in the Forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 3. Productivity, extraction and prospects of sustainable harvest of amla phyllanthus emblica, (Euphorbiaceae)","authors":"Uma Shankar, K. S. Murali, R. Uma Shaanker, K. N. Ganeshaiah, Kamaljit S. Bawa","year":1996,"doi":"10.1007/bf02907331","url":"https://openalex.org/W1547089303","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Economic Botany","citations":61,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 2. Impact of NTFP extraction on regeneration, population structure, and species composition","authors":"K. S. Murali, Uma Shankar, R. Uma Shaanker, K. N. Ganeshaiah, Kamaljit S. Bawa","year":1996,"doi":"10.1007/bf02907329","url":"https://openalex.org/W244899958","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Economic Botany","citations":171,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 1. Contribution to rural income","authors":"Ravi Hegde, S. Suryaprakash, Lalith Achoth, Kamaljit S. Bawa","year":1996,"doi":"10.1007/bf02907328","url":"https://openalex.org/W2480108216","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Economic Botany","citations":162,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"The Nilgiri Biosphere reserve : a review of conservation status with recommendations for a holistic approach to management, India","authors":"R. J. Ranjit Daniels","year":1996,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2762108761","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":11,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Impact of human activities of the ranging behaviour of elephants in the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, South India","authors":"Ajay A. Desai, Nagarajan Baskaran","year":1996,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13466311","url":"https://openalex.org/W2592501250","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13466311","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","citations":37,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"SEASONAL INFLUENCE ON THE RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER TO SULPHUR AND MAGNESIUM APPLICATIONS","authors":"KRISHNAMURTHI V.V, ΜΑΤHAN K.K","year":1996,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01072","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383571182","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/83-10-10-640-642.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments conducted during kharif 1992, summer and rabi 1993 at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar with 4 levels of sulphur (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha¹) and 4 levels of magnesium (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha'') showed that sulphur fertilization at 45 kg ha¹ increased the seed yield of sunflower significantly over control by 6.2 per cent in summer, 9.1 per cent in rabi and 14.5 per cent in kharif. The effect was more pronounced in kharif grown crop followed by rabi and summer. Added Mg failed to exert any influence. Similar influence was observed in stalk yield also. But in terms of percentage, the responses were 46.0, 32.4 and 5.1 per cent over control during kharif. rabi, and summer, respectively. Due to sulphur application at 45 kg ha\" the oil yield was increased by 17.1 per cent in rabi followed by kharif (11.5 per cent) and summer (9.5 per cent)."},{"kind":"article","title":"INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION AT CRITICAL STAGES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER","authors":"A NANDHAGOPAL, Sevgan Subramanian, Arun Gopalan, A. Balasubramanian","year":1996,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a00991","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383460969","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/83-3-3-152-154.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted in summer and Kharif seasons during 1991-92 at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar to study the critical stages of irrigation requirement for sunflower. Results revealed that skipping irrigations at button initiation, flowering and seed filling stages significantly reduced the seed yield of sunflower by 19.6, 31.2 and 9.4 per cent in summer and 11.9, 10.2 and 11.5per cent in Kharif respectively over the optimal level of irrigations scheduled. Response to irrigations was more pronounced in summer than kharif"},{"kind":"article","title":"Turmeric - maize and onion intercropping systems II. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation","authors":"PALANIAPPAN, K SIVARAMAN, S P","year":1995,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/621161614.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/621161614.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Experiments were laid out at Bhavanisagar and Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India) to study the influence of intercropping on leaf area index and dry matter accumulation in whole plants of turmeric (Curcuma longa), maize (Zea mays) and onion (Allium cepa) when grown in intercropping and sole cropping systems. Maize was intercropped with turmeric in two proportions (50 and 100 per cent of the recommended population levels). Onion was also introduced as additional intercrop with maize with 23 per cent of the population of sole crop. These crops were also raised as sole crops. Leaf area indices and dry matter accumulation of maize and turmeric at different stages were influenced significantly by intercropping systems, in both locations. Intercropping maize in turmeric significantly reduced the growth of the latter. This effect was quite obvious where maize was raised as intercrop at 100 per cent of the recommended population. Sole cropping of turmeric resulted in higher leaf area indices than turmeric raised as intercrop. Raising onion as additional intercrop did not influence dry matter accumulation of component crops appreciably.\n&nbsp"},{"kind":"article","title":"Registration of NCD2 pearl Millet germplasm","authors":"Rao, A S; Andrews, D J; Rai, K N","year":1995,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/211013169.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/211013169.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"NCD2 (PI583797), a d2 dwarf population of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) released in 1994, was derived from the Nigerian Composite (NC) via a programme of limited backcrossing involving GAM73, a d2 dwarf (1 m in height) population from Senegal. NC was developed at Samaru, Nigeria by random-mating 200 S4 progenies derived from landraces of Nigeria and other western African countries. In a yield trial conducted at Patancheru and Bhavanisagar, India in 1982 and 1984, NCD2 gave mean grain yields of 2.86 t/ha, 19% more than NC and 33% more than GAM73. Mean plant height of NCD2 was 1.2 m, and it took 51 days to 50% flowering. The 1000-grain weights of NCD2, NC and GAM73 averaged 7.3, 7.8 and 7.0 g, respectively. NCD2 has a high level of resistance to Sclerospora graminicola. Testcrosses to the cytoplasmically male sterile line 81Am indicated that NCD2 could prove a useful source of restorers and maintainers of the Am cytoplasm"},{"kind":"reference","title":"Industrial Estate in Bhavanisagar constituency","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1995,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-10-1995-9-65-2-QH13_1995-03-16","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Primary Productivity of Forest Grassland of Talamalai Hills","authors":"P. Shanmughavel","year":1995,"doi":"10.54207/bsmps1000-1995-843dfl","url":"https://openalex.org/W7163689525","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Forestry","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"BSR.1 (ICGV.86143): A HIGH YIELDING SPANISH BUNCH GROUNDNUT FOR WESTERN ZONE OF TAMIL NADU","authors":"D. Sudhakar, K. Ganesan, N. V. Sundaram, ALIKHAN W.M, Arun Gopalan, V. Muralidharan, MOHAMMED ALI A.V, A SHANMUGASUNDARAM","year":1995,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01252","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383619085","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/82-9-10-519-522.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A bunch variety of groundnut BSR.1 (ICGV. 86143) has been developed from the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar for the western zone of Tamil Nadu. It recorded a mean pod yield or 2845 kg/ha in 101 days which was higher than VRI.2 (17.6%), VR1.3 (21.6%) and Co.2 (49.6%). At National level, it ranked second among 13 entries in zone II and III by recording a mean yield of 2710 kg/ha (16.4 to 33.6% over checks). The kernel yield was also higher than the checks by 22.4 to 40.1 per cent. In the farmers holding (OFT/FLD/ART), it registered 2053 kg/ha (mean for 25 trials) which was 11.5 to 14.4 percent higher than VRI.2, Co.2 and VRI.3 It has 70.3 per cent shelling, 82.4 per cent sound matured kernal 49.5 per cent oil and 38.5 g hundred kernel weight. It is moderately resistant to late leaf spot and rust diseases. It possesses fresh seed dormancy for 21 days."},{"kind":"article","title":"RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITION","authors":"A NANDHAGOPAL, Sevgan Subramanian, Arun Gopalan","year":1995,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01129","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383598012","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/82-2-2-80-83.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted with four hybrids viz., BSHI, IAHSI, KBSHI and MSFH17 along with nitrogen and phosphorus at graded levels as 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha: 60 and 90 kg P:Os/ha under irrigated conditions both in summer and kharif seasons of 1991-92 at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. The results indicated that the hybrid MSFH-17 performed better in all the parameter studied except oil content with 90 kg N and 60 kg P:Os/ha. The oil content was high in the hybrid BSH I and IAHS I."},{"kind":"article","title":"BSR-1-A NEW SORGHUM VARIETY FOR WESTERN ZONE OF TAMIL NADU","authors":"N. V. Sundaram, Arun Gopalan, ALI KHAN W.M.D, SHANMUGASUNDARAM V.S","year":1995,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01200","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383651481","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/82-5-5-338-340.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"BSR-1 sorghura' a new variety has been developed by the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. The variety tested under the culture number ICSV. 239,is a pureline selection isolated from a cross developed at the International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad. The variety is suitable for both kharif and summer seasons of the western zone and has a grain yield potential of 3500 kg under kharif and 6000 kg/ha under irrigated summer conditions. It matures in 105-110 days"},{"kind":"article","title":"OVERHEAD IRRIGATION TO BLACK GRAM","authors":"SANTHANA BOSU S, V RAJAKRISHNAMOORTHY, DURAISAMY V.K, M AYYASWAMY, A RAJAGOPAL","year":1995,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01130","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383597899","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/82-2-2-83-85.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of overhead irrigation (sprinkler irrigation) to black gram in comparison with conventional surface irrigation in the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 1988 to 1989, The results indicated that irrigation black gram by sprinkler method at 0.5 IW/CPE ratio (2.5 cm depth of application) gave better yield and water use efficiency."},{"kind":"article","title":"DIRECT, RESIDUAL AND CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF APPLIED ZINC FOR RICE IN RED SOILS","authors":"R DEVARAJAN, Gurunath Ramanathan","year":1995,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01133","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383598010","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/82-2-2-90-92.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted on red soils (Typic Ustorthent) at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar to study direct, residual and cumulative effect of applied Zn to IR 20 rice. The continuous application of ZnSO4 at 25 kg per ha for every season of rice crop significantly increased grain and straw yield and resulted in 17 per cent increase in grain yield over NPK treated control. Application of ZnSO4 at 50 kg for first crop resulted in residual effect of Zn with increase in the grain yield of two subsequent crops. Similar trend was also observed for the level of 75 kg ZnSO4/ha. Residual effect of ZnSO4 application at 100 kg/ha to first crop was observed for five subsequent rice crops."},{"kind":"article","title":"TIME OF PLANTING STUDIES IN SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS","authors":"A NANDHAGOPAL, Sevgan Subramanian, Arun Gopalan","year":1995,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01155","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383531903","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/82-3-3-173-175.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiment was conducted to study the response of sunflower hybrids Viz., BSH-1 and MSFH 17 in different dates of sowing during summer and Kharif seasons of 1991-93 at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. The results revealed that with the hybrid MSFH 17, early June and Mid-December plantings gave higher seed yield, head diameter, seed filling, hundred seed weight and oil content."},{"kind":"article","title":"A SURVEY ON THE HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION OF STREAM FISHES IN THE KERALA PART OF NILGIRI BIOSPHERE RESERV","authors":"C. Chand Basha","year":1995,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2188896196","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A survey of freshwater fishes was conducted in Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve during 1993-’95. The major river systems Kabani. Vythiripuzha, Chaliyar, Kunthi and Bhavani were visited and fishes collected using conventional and traditional methods. Physical features of the habitat were qualitatively assessed. Water quality parameters were estimated using standard techniques. Dietary analyses of the most commonspecies were made. A questionnaire suruey was conducted among the tribals to understand the traditional fishing methods and to assess their dependence on fish resources. A total of 91 species were recorded from the rivers in Kerala part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Kabani and Vythiripuzha harbours 58 species followed by Chaliyar with 50. Twenty four species were recorded from Bhavani and 10 from Kunthi river. Two new species of fishes, Pangio bashai and Homaloptera menoni were described from Chalikkal and Muthikkulam respectively. New additions to the freshwaters of Kerala and range of extensions were also recorded. Freshwater fishes in the area included 25 species endemic to Western Ghats and five endangered ones. Water quality parameters were within the optimal ranges in most of the areas. The dietary analyses of selected fishes revealed that majority of them were benthic insectivores. The tribals of the area depend heavily on the fish resources for own consumption. Fishing methods employed by the tribals are largely destructive to the aquatic system. Major threats to the aquatic fauna in general and the fishes in particular are the unscientific and non-sustainable methods of fishing and pollution due to biotic factors."},{"kind":"article","title":"SAND GRAIN MINERALOGY OF THE SOILS OF LOWER BHAVANI PROJECT COMMAND AREA","authors":"P. Paramasivam","year":1995,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01189","url":"https://openalex.org/W4383531697","oa_url":"http://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/82-4-4-290-293.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The study of the soils of Lower Bhavani Command Area revealed that the total light minerals in coarse sand fractions are in the range of 96-97, 92-96, 93-96, 87-92 and 94-97 per cent in Irugur (Igr), Sathyamangalam (Sty), Kangayampalayam (Kgp), Koduveri (Kdv) and Peelamedu (Plm) series, respectively. In fine sand fractions they are in the range of 91-96,91-98,94-97,84-90 and 92-95 of per cent in these series. Generally light minerals dominate distinctly over the heavier ones due to relative resistance or weathering of the former. Quartz predominates over the other light minerals. Surface horizon showed more quartz than feldspar. The total amount of heavy minerals in both fractions is the least in Igr followed by Plm, Sty and Kdv series."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of grazing on the forest vegetation at (Thalamalai Hill) Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu.","authors":"P. Shanmughavel","year":1995,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2270256558","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Van Vigyan","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Turmeric - maize and onion intercropping systems. I. Yield and land use efficiency","authors":"PALANIAPPAN, K SIVARAMAN, S P","year":1994,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/621161571.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/621161571.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Experiments were laid out at Bhavanisagar (Tamil Nadu, India) during 1989 - 90 and at Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India) during 1990 - 91 to determine land use efficiency, yield and yield attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa&nbsp;L.) and maize (Zea mays&nbsp;L.) in various jntercropping and sole cropping systems. Turmeric, maize and onion (Allium cepa&nbsp;L.) were raised as sole crops adopting recommended package of practices. Maize and onion were intercropped with turmeric in two proportions (50 and 100 per cent of the recommendedpopulation levels). Onion was also introduced as additional intercrop with maize with 23 per cent of the population of sole crop. Turmeric yields were reduced from 9 to 25 per cent when intercropped with maize. Turmeric yield reductions due to intercropping were associated with reduction in number of tillers, mother rhizome, primary and secondary rhizomes. Maize yields were higher with intercropping than with sole cropping. Even though yield of turmeric was reduced by intercropping, turmeric - maize and onion intercropping resulted in 17 to 34 per cent greater land use efficiency for the 9 months growing season than in· the sole cropping systems. This is important in developing countries where available per capita arable land is low.\n&nbsp"},{"kind":"article","title":"Prevalence of sickle cells in Irula, Kurumba, Paniya & Mullukurumba tribes of Nilgiris (Tamil Nadu, India).","authors":"S Ramasamy, K. Balakrishnan, RM. Pitchappan","year":1994,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W47765192","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"PubMed","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"A total of 1377 tribals, comprising Irulas (536), Paniyas (196), Kurumbas (87), Mullukrurumbas (156) and Soligas (402), living in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India were studied for sickle cell trait between 1981-85. Patients attending various tribal clinics at Arayure, Kozhikarai, Kothagiri and Biligiri Rengan hills for various ailments were screened at random by solubility test and by acetate paper electrophoresis, if required. HbAS carrier frequency was 30-37.8 per cent in all the tribals studied except Kurumbas (19.5%). The frequency of carriers were more (37.8%) on the western part of Nilgiris (Nedungode, Kappala and adjoining regions) than the eastern part (30%). Further, the prevalence of carriers was higher (47-49%) in the 10-19 yr age group amongst Paniyas and Mullukurumbas living in the western part of Nilgiris. An episodic, epidemic of malaria so rampant during the early part of this century in the western parts of Nilgiris might have eliminated many children with HbAA and hence the higher frequency of HbAS in this particular age group."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on primary productivity in a freshwater ecosystem of Bhavanisagar reservoir","authors":"S. Paulsamy; R. Rathinasmy; S. Manian","year":1993,"doi":null,"url":"","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Desilting of Bhavanisagar Dam","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1993,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-10-1993-5-39-1-QH9_1993-04-15","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Release of water from Bhavanisagar Power House","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1992,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-10-1992-3-23-2-CA2_1992-04-07","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"INFLUENCE OF METHODS AND INTERVALS OF IRRIGATION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF SESAMUM (Sesamum indicum L.)","authors":"M AYYASWAMY, R KULANDAIVELU","year":1992,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01766","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385833182","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/79-6-6-336-344.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An experiment was conducted during summer 1984 and 1985 at Tanjore and at Bhavanisagar respectively to study the effects of methods of irrigation on physiological attributes and yield of sesamum. Increase in dry matter production was noted with increasing levels of moisture supply. Maximum leaf area index was noticed at control and beds and channels irrigating once in 20 days followed by once in 30 days. Higher seed yield was recorded in alternate furrow-irrigating once in 20 days followed by ridges and furrows-irrigating once in 30 days at both the centers. Hence, irrigating in alternate furrows once in 20 days may be considered as optimum for sesamum."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF METHODS AND INTERVALS OF IRRIGATION OF WATER REQUIREMENT AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN SESAMUM","authors":"Associate Professor (Crop Physiology), M AYYASWAMY, R KULANDAIVELU","year":1992,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01758","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385894435","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/79-5-5-255-260.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A study was conducted with sesamum cvs. TMV 3 AND Co 1 at Tanjore and Bhavanisagar respectively to find out suitable method and interval of irrigation to use water economically without affecting the yield. Irrigating in alternate furrows once in 20 days recorded the highest water use efficiency. High seed yield was recorded in alternate furrows irrigating once in 30 days. Hence, irrigating in alternate furrows once in 20 days may be considered as optimum for sesamum."},{"kind":"article","title":"A rare wolf snake lycodon flavomaculatus from the nilgiri biosphere reserve south india","authors":"T. S. N. Murthy","year":1991,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2725457840","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"RECYCLING OF POULTRY WASTE IN INTEGRATED FISH FARMING","authors":"Manimuthu Ayyannan, A Chellakumar, V TAMILMANI, C. Udayasoorian","year":1991,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01845","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385886878","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/78-5-8-200-203.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An integrated fish culture experiment with poultry was carried out at fresh Water Biological Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 1986-87. Poultry droppings were added in the experimental pond at the rate of 8 t/ha/ycar instead of supplementary feeding and manuring. The fish species Viz., Catla, Rohu, Mrigal and Common carp in the ratio of 3:2:2:3 were stocked at the rate of ten thousand numbers per hectare. A total production of 4125 kg of fish/ha/year was recorded in the experimental pond against 3500 kg in control pond. The increase in yield being 18 per cent over control. The production cost per kg of fish was reduced from Rs. 5.75 in the control to 2.00 in experimental pond. In addition, the fertility status of the experimental pond was also improved."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF N AND P ENRICHED SUNFLOWER STALK ON CROP YIELD, OIL CONTENT AND SOIL FERTILITY","authors":"C. Udayasoorian, Balamurugan Panneerselvam, P. Paramasivam","year":1991,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01857","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385887078","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/78-5-8-238-240.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar to find out the efficiency of N and P2O5 enriched sunflower stalk along with N/P2Os fertilizers on yield of sunflower (Morden). The 5% P20s enriched sunflower stalk at the rate of 60 kg P20s as basal dressing along with 40 kg N through urea recorded a seed yield increase of 18.4% over the same quantity of N and P2Os applied through inorganic fertilizers. The physical condition and fertility status of the soll were also improved by the addition of enriched sunflower stalk."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF P AND K ON CROP YIELD AND SOIL FERTILITY UNDER RICE-RICE CROPPING SEQUENCE","authors":"P. Muthuvel, C. Udayasoorian, A CHAMY","year":1991,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01856","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385887240","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/78-5-8-235-237.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, during 1981-1987 to determine the P and Krequirement of rice in \"rice-rice\" system revealed that addition of P2O5 and K20 up to 50 kg/ha continuously for nine seasons failed to influence the grain yield. Continuous addition of P20s resulted in considerable build up of available P2Os content of soils. Soil K status was not altered by the Continuous application of varying rates of potassium."},{"kind":"article","title":"IRRIGATION REGIMES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE","authors":"SUBRAMANAIAN K.S, B RAJKANNAN, P. Muthuvel","year":1991,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01859","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385886985","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/78-5-8-245-247.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The effect of irrigation scheduling on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane was studied at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar during 1984-87 in mid-late variety Co 6304. The results revealed that irrigating sugarcane at 0.75 TW/CPE ratio at tillering and grand growth period and at 0.5 IW/CPE at maturing phase recorded the maximum cane yield and CCS with the highest water use efficiency."},{"kind":"article","title":"Irrigation Regimes on Utilization of Nutrients, Yield and Quality of Sugarcane (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i> L.)","authors":"K. S. Subramanian, G. Selvakumari, K. V. Selvaraj, K. N. Chinnaswami","year":1991,"doi":"10.1111/j.1439-037x.1991.tb00947.x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2025217623","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract With a view to study the influence of irrigation regimes at critical stages of sugarcane an investigation was carried out at Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar, India during Mid‐late season (March–April) using Co 6304 as test variety. Treatments consisted of eight irrigation regimes created by imposing two levels of irrigation 0.75 and 0.5 IW/CPE ratio at critical stages (tillering, grand growth and maturity). The results revealed that irrigating sugarcane at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio at tillering and growth and 0.5 IW/CPE at maturity phase recorded highest nutrient uptake, cane yield (139 t/ha) with 10.6 % CCS consuming 1791 mm of water the highest water use efficiency of 77.3 kg/ha mm."},{"kind":"article","title":"PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND ECONOMICS OF HIGH INTENSITY CROPPING SYSTEMS UNDER BHAVANISAGAR CONDITIONS","authors":"P. Subbian, N ASOKARAJA, C. Udayasoorian","year":1991,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a01873","url":"https://openalex.org/W4385860881","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/78-9-12-341-343.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, for a period of three years (1979-1980 to 1981-1982) to evaluate four rice based crop sequence in a sandy loam soil with assured irrigation facilities. Three crop sequence of rice-rice-rice recorded maximum grain yield and highest net return, followed by rice -fingermillet-sorghum sequence. The day' productivity was also maximum under rice-rice-rice sequence (32.1 kg.ha' day -1) followed by rice- fingermillet - sorghum and rice- fingermillet- greengram sequences (23.7 kg.ha¹ day¹)."},{"kind":"reference","title":"Release of water from Bhavanisagar Dam","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1990,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-9-1990-4-28-3-SM1_1990-04-18","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Tourist Centre at Bhavanisagar","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1990,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-9-1990-4-34-1-QH4_1990-05-11","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Diurnal variation of Aitken nuclei in the core zone of Nilgiri Biosphere reserve","authors":"GA Momin, L. T. Khemani, Psp Rao, PD Safai, Ag Pillai, Naik","year":1990,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3173766975","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Registration of ‘ICTP 8203’ Pearl Millet","authors":"K. N., K. Anand Kumar, D. J. Andrews, A. S. Rao, A G B Raj, J. R. Witcome","year":1990,"doi":"10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183x003000040048x","url":"https://openalex.org/W2024362189","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Crop Science","citations":40,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Pennisetum glaucum [P. americanum] variety ICTP8203, released in 1988, was produced by random mating 5 S2 progeny of an Iniari (early maturing) landrace from northern Togo. When evaluated as Togo-P8203 at Patancheru (3 tests), Hissar and Bhavanisagar in the 1983 rainy season, it yielded 2.6 t/ha of grain (18% more than WC-C75, the leading commercial open-pollinated cultivar in India). After full-sib mating in the 1984 dry season followed by selection for phenotypic similarity and bulking, ICTP8203 yielded 1.6 t grain/ha (4% less than WC-C75) in 79 replicated trials during 1984-86. However, in 19 trials in Maharashtra it yielded 2.1 t/ha, 7% more than WC-C75 and in 11 trials in Andhra Pradesh it yielded 1.5 t/ha, 11% more than WC-C75. ICTP8203 has a 1000-grain weight &gt;12 g, at least 50% greater than any open pollinated cultivar previously released in India. It is 1.5-1.6 m tall and takes 50-52 days to 50% flowering in Maharashtra and Andra Pradesh. Heads are of medium length (16-18 cm), compact to semicompact and cylindrical to lanceolate with slight tapering towards the tip. ICTP8203 has good resistance to Sclerospora graminicola and generally escapes terminal drought owing to rapid grain filling and early maturity."},{"kind":"article","title":"The Kurumbas of the Nilgiris: An Ethnographic Myth?","authors":"Nurit Bird","year":1987,"doi":"10.1017/s0026749x00008027","url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00008027","oa_url":null,"licence":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms","full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part I discuss ethnographic accounts from the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries which concern the tribal Kurumbas of the Nilgiri Hills in South India. In the second part I present a brief profile of the Naiken, one of the Kurumba sub-groups with whom I conducted anthropological fieldwork between September 1978 and October 1979. The name Naiken is used by the people themselves and their immediate neighbours. In the literature they are often referred to as Jenu Kurumbas. In the final part of the paper, I critically re-examine the literature in the light of my field material and experience. Prior to my work none of the Nilgiri Kurumba groups have been subjected to intensive anthropological studies, although there are references to them, and in particular to their rolevisà-visthe other Nilgiri tribes in numerous accounts, including such seminal works asThe Todaby W. H. R. Rivers (1906) and ‘Culture Change among the Nilgiri Tribes’ by Mandelbaum (1941). I suggest that the much-criticized early accounts by ‘amateur’ travellers, administrators, and planters may be more accurate than has been thought and perhaps even more revealing than the subsequent references up to the present offered by ‘professional’ anthropologists."},{"kind":"reference","title":"Construction of Housing Board quarters in Bhavanisagar Constituency","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1987,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-8-1987-5-45-1-QH12_1987-11-12","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"STUDIES ON INTERCROPPING IN GROUNDNUT","authors":"N ASOKARAJA, A CHAMY, PALANIAPPAN SP","year":1987,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02188","url":"https://openalex.org/W4386990204","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/74-8-9-355-359.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted on inter-cropping in groundnut during monsoon seasons of 1983 and 1984 and summer seasons of 1984 and 1985 at the Agricult ural Research Station, Bhavanisagar for comparing six intercropping systems with pure groundnut as a means of increasing overall net returns without serious reduction to the groundnut yields. The yield of groundnut was higher with redgram as intercrop at 2.25 m apart than with cotton or maize. During monsoon seasons intercropping system involving groundnut+cotton at 1.5m apart gave higher net income (Rs. 6868/ha) than pure groundnut (Rs 6134/ha) During summer seasons groundnut+redgram at 2-25 m apart gave higher net income (Rs. 6608 ha) than pure groundnut (Rs. 6482/ha). Maize as intercrop was found to reduce the groundnut yields and the net income to a greater extent compared to other intercrops."},{"kind":"article","title":"LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND RELATIVE CONDITION IN OMPOK BIMACULATUS (BLOCK) FROM BHAVANISAGAR RESERVOIR (TAMIL NADU)","authors":"S Sivakami","year":1987,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2278282165","oa_url":"http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/download/10777/5049","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Fisheries","citations":12,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Length-weight relationship and relative condition in Ompok bimaculatus were studied. Analysis of covariance of the regressions for the two sexes showed no significant difference in slopes. The value of the exponent indicated a deviation from the cube law. The point of inflexion in the relative condition plotted on a lengthwise basis gave the size at first maturity, especially in males. Seasonal variations in the condition was found to be influenced by the spawning cycle."},{"kind":"article","title":"Pearl Millet Improvement Progam ICRISAT - TNAU Cooperative Nursery Bhavanisagar Field Plans 1986","authors":"ICRISAT, -","year":1986,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/219473299.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/219473299.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Report of the ninth (1985) international pearl millet rust nursery (IPMRN)","authors":"Singh, S D; Reddy, P M; King, S B","year":1986,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/219473008.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/219473008.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The 1985 International Pearl Millet Rust Nursery (IPMRN), containing 45 entries, was sent to cooperators at four locations in India. Data were received from all locations. Rust pressure was most severe at Mysore followed by Bhavanisagar. No entry was rust free at all locations. Three entries, 700481-21-8, 7042-1-4-4, and P 24-1, remained rust free at all locations except Aurangabad and one entry, IP 8695-4, developed no more than 2% mean rust at any location. Five other entries, 700481-23-2, P 1592, IP 2084-1, D1C 14-P2 and P 548, developed less than or equal to 10% mean rust across location"},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect Of recurrent selection on general and ,specific combining abilities of two random-mating Sorghum populations(Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench)","authors":"M D Hashi","year":1986,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W139977254","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Combining ability effects of 48 FI hybrids obtained by\r\nCrossing 4 male-sterile lines with five cycles of recurrent\r\nSelection plus the original population, each from two randomnating sorghum populations, were evaluated to determine the Effect of recurrent selection on GCA and SCA effects and to Estimate the progress made during the five cycles of recurrent selection.\r\nA randomized complete block design with three replications\r\nof the 48 Fl hybrids was grown at ICRISAT Center during the 1984 rainy season (Kharif) and at Bhavanisagar, under irrigation, during the Summer season of 1985. The combining ability analysis followed a line x tester (A-lines) mating system.\r\nSignificant variations were observed among the A-lines and\r\nthe cycles of the populations for all the characters studied. The cycles within populations showed larger variations for grain weight and panicle weight than the A-lines while the variations of the A-lines were larger for most of the yield components\r\nFive cycles of recurrent selection have been effective in\r\nincreasing the grain yield of the two populations and resulted in simultaneous improvement of all the other traits in the desired direction except panicle length and IOO-seed weight which remained unchange\r\nRecurrent selection practised earlier for grain yield was\r\neffective primarily for general combining ability which indicated that the improvement of this trait involved largely additive effects, and a per cycle selection gain of about 17.9% and 22.9% was found for the US/R and RS/R populations, respectively.Specific combining ability (SeA) did not appear to be important particularly for grain weight of these two populations"},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecology and conservation of the Asian elephant in South India with special reference to the Chamarajanagar and Satyamangalam forest divisions","authors":"Raman Sukumar","year":1985,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2995634516","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Report of the 1982 International Pearl Millet Rust Nursery(IPMRN)","authors":"ICRISAT, -","year":1983,"doi":null,"url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/219473263.pdf","oa_url":"https://core.ac.uk/download/219473263.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The 1982 International Pearl Millet Rust Nursery (IPMRN), Containing 45 entries, was sent to cooperatore at seven\n\nlocations in india. The results were recieved from five locations, screening of test entries was effective at Pudukkottai, Bhavanisagar and Ludhiana.."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER","authors":"B. Habeebullah, MANICKAM T.S, P MUTHUVEI, A CHAMY","year":1983,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02634","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387200148","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/70-6-6-382-384.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Monthly sowing studies were conducted during 1978-81 at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the seed yield, oil content and oil yield of sunflower, with the Variety EC, 68414 as test crop. Highest seed yield. oil percentage and all yields were obtained with February sowing... Seed yield and oil content were positively correlated with maximum temperature and bright sunshine hours during the flowering phase."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF SLOW RELEASE NITROGENOUS FERTILIZERS OF RICE","authors":"P. Subbian","year":1983,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02649","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387200296","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/70-7-7-465-467.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar to study the effect of slow release nitrogenous fertilizers on rice during kharif and Rabi soesons of 1980-81 and 1981-82 revealed that among the different slow release nitrogenous fertilizers tried, rock phosphate coated urea containing 20% in each of N and P was found to be the best source."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on the Effect of Plant Density and Graded Level of NPK on leaf Yield of Tobacco Variety Vazhaikkappal","authors":"P. Subbian","year":1983,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02579","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387148517","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/70-2-2-82-84.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The results from the field experiments conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Bhavanisagar during Rabi 1980-81 and 81-82 revealed that application of NPK at 200-100-100 Kg/ha and a spacing of 60 x 70 cm were optimum for realising maximum leaf yield in tobacco var, Vazhaikkappal."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF PRE-SOAKING OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS IN MICRONUTRIENTS ON SEED AND OIL YIELD","authors":"P. Muthuvel, B. Habeebullah, A CHAMYS","year":1983,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02632","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387200103","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/70-6-6-375-376.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments involving the presoaking of sunflower seeds for 12 hours in water 0.5, 1.0 and 2,0 par cant soultions of zinc sulphate and manganous sulphate and 0.5 per cent sodium molybdate were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station. Bhavanisagar during 1981-82 in soils low in available micronutrients. Pre-soaking the seeds in 2.0 percent Zn S04 for 12 hours gave the highest seed and oil yield per hectare."},{"kind":"article","title":"EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION AND PHOS- PHORUS ON THE GRAIN YIELD OF SOYBEAN CO. 1.","authors":"KRISHNAMOORTHY M.B, KRISHNAMOORTHY V.V, P. Subbian, SHEIK DAWOOD A","year":1983,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02656","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387182104","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/70-9-9-581-583.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field experiments were conducted during summer and South west monsoon of 1981 at the Agriculture Research Station, Bhavanisagar to study the effect of different levels of irrigation and phosphorus on the grain yield of soybean Co 1. The results revealed that irrigating the crop once in eight days interval at 0.80 IW/CPE ratic and application of 120 kg P2 O2/ha recorded significantly higher grain yield in both the seasons."},{"kind":"article","title":"Pressure-temperature Estimates of the Basic Granulites and Conditions of Metamorphism in Sargur Terrain, Southern Karnataka and Adjoining Areas","authors":"A. S. Janardhan, D. Gopalakrishna","year":1983,"doi":"10.17491/jgsi/1983/240501","url":"https://openalex.org/W2462932417","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract Chemistry of co-existing mineral pairs of opx-cpx ; opx-gt and cpx-gt from several metabasic rocks consisting of two pyroxene assemblages and recrystallised ultramafics from Hullahalli and Dodkanya of Sargur terrain and Sathyamangalam, along with data taken from recent literature are utilized to estimate the Pressure-Temperature conditions of metamorphism. Temperature estimates are around 767±50°C and average pressures of 8-9 kbs indicate the peak of metamorphism which operated in the Sargur terrain. This suggests a crustal thickness of 30-35 krn, which was attained prior to the onset of granulite facies metamorphism."},{"kind":"article","title":"Conservation of India's living resources through Biosphere reserves","authors":"Madhav Gadgil","year":1982,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W990639960","oa_url":"http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/22691/1/ma.pdf","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"NOT FOUND REPOSITORY (Indian Institute of Science Bangalore)","citations":7,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"While many of our traditional conservation practices such as sacred groves and trees protected the plant resources, the modern approach to nature conservation has failed to do so. This approach based on wild life sanctuaries and national parks has emphasized the manipulation of the habitat in the interest of a few spectacular species such as the tiger or rhinoceros and consequently neglected the conservation of overall plant and animal diversity. These reserves have also tended to emphasize only certain vegetation types such as deciduous forests ignoring the exceedingly rich ecosystems of evergreen forests. The biosphere reserves correct this distortion by focussing on the preservation of overall plant and animal diversity including the wild relatives of domesticated plants and animals. These must therefore be ideally chosen so as to represent at least two examples of each of the vegetation types of the Indian sub-continent, preferably as a large habitat mosaic of substantial area since the long term potential for preservation of species critically depends on the total area available, The proposed Nilgiri biosphere reserve, with vegetation types ranging from dry scrub to wet evergreen forest meets these criteria. The biosphere reserves should also attempt to preserve the diversity of land races of cultivated crops and domesticated animals in situ by maintaining pockets of traditional agriculture through special incentives. Where the entire vegetation types have completely disappeared as with the moist deciduous forest of the Gangctic plains the biospheres should try to recreate the original vegetation in selected sites."},{"kind":"article","title":"SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF BHAVANISAGAR RESERVOIR","authors":"B. P. Gupta","year":1982,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2181393837","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The basin soil was always ao~dlc with pFf range 5 2 to 6 4. Organic carbon was In the range 1.8 to 2 7% with an average of 2 3% Organ~c matter was 3 39% reflecting high potential energy in the reservolr Total nitrogen was in the range 0.14 to 0.26% ~vailable n~trogen 31 6 to 50 6 mg/100 g and aratlable phosphorous 10 to 3 56 mg[lOO g soil. The valuts of pH. totzl nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus were Illgh during premonsoon than that of post monsoon period On the bas15 of cbenlicsl charactens:ics of tiss~n soil the Bhavauisagnr reservolr is of producttve nature. Considerable work has been done on the bottom soils of ponds but information about the chemical chara~teristics of basin soils of the reservoir is scanty in India The basin so~ls of man-made lakes are affected since dissolved nutrients, organlc matter and slit from he catchment enter such lakes through the inflowing streams and settle at the bottom and alter the properties of the soils. Two types of organic matter Autochthonous derived from plankton and Allochthonous, derived from peaty materials either in the lake sed~ments or marginal bog"},{"kind":"reference","title":"Irrigation facilities to Bhavanisagar areas","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1981,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-7-1981-2-10-5-QH14_1981-02-02","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"All India coordinate research project on ecology and fisheries of freshwater reservoirs : bhavanisagar (Final Report 1971 - 81)","authors":"A. V. Natarajan, S. D. Tripathi, S. C... . Gopalakrishnayya","year":1981,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2253781221","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Rationalising fertilizer rates for sorghum. II. Optimising the dose with relevance to the soil test values","authors":"C. S. Balasundaram, U.S. Sree Ramulu","year":1980,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2225440039","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Turrialba","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In field trials on a shallow red soil of Bhavanisagar, sorghum cv. CSH5 given combinations of 0-200 kg N + 0-39 kg P + 0-48 kg K; 50% N + 100% P and K were applied at sowing and the remaining N 30 days later. K had no significant effect on grain yields. Grain yields increased significantly with increase in N rate (max. yields were obtained with 176-185 kg N/ha and opt. yields with 163-171 kg N and with increase in P rate (max. yields were obtained with 22.9-24.0 kg P/ha and opt. yields with 19.0-19.6 kg P). Economic rates of fertilizer application were also calculated"},{"kind":"article","title":"Rationalising fertilizer rates for sorghum. I. Screening of suitable soil test methods","authors":"C. S. Balasundaram, U.S. Sree Ramulu","year":1980,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W109033521","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Turrialba","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"A field experiment was conducted in shallow red soils in Bhavanisagar, India, to screen soil tests for the prediction of soil fertility status for sorghum. Two methods for N, two for P and five for K were tested in 20 combinations. Multiple regression analysis was used to relate the yields of sorghum, receiving 5 levels of N and 4 levels of P and K fertilizers, to the soil test values. Olsen's method was superior for determining available P, alkaline permanganate and organic carbon methods were equally good for available N, and 1N ammonium acetate and 0.1N nitric acid were equally good for available K"},{"kind":"article","title":"Influence of single and Multistrain Rhizobial Inoculants on Nodulation, Yield and Nitrogen Assimilation by Greengram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb)","authors":"A. Balasubramanian, J. Prabakaran, SUNDARAM S.P","year":1980,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02806","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387238614","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/67-2-2-90-93.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Field perfomance of the rhizobial inoculants. GG-2. GMBS-1, BMBS-P47 and an equal mixture of these three strains (multistrain inoculant) were studied in greengram at Coimbatore and Kaveripattinam under rainfed conditions and Bhavanisagar under irrigated condition. The nodulation, yield and nitrogen assimilation responses of greengram were observed. At all the three locations, the multistrain rhizobial inoculant performed better with significance. They produced more number of nodules per plant, higher grain yield and more nitrogen assimilation than the uninoculated control and the single strain rhizobial inoculants."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Uptake of Finger Millet (Co. 11)","authors":"Perundurai Subramaniam Dhandapani, IRUTHAYARAJ M.R","year":1980,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02835","url":"https://openalex.org/W369107450","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/67-5-5-300-303.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An experiment was conducted at Bhavanisagar and Coimbatore during summer and mon soon seasons of 1978, respectively to study the effect of different irrigation regimes and N levels on yield and uptake of nutrients by fingermillet. The results indicated that highest grain yield was obtained under the irrigation regime of 60 percent ASM in both the seasons with 150 kg N/ha."},{"kind":"article","title":"Effect of Irrigation and Phosphorus Levels on Growth Analysis Parameters in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L)","authors":"S Somasundaram, IRUTHAYARAJ M.R","year":1979,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03026","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387320836","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/66-12-12-783-788.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. during summer and at Agricultural College and Research institute, Coimbatore during kharil season of 1978 with sunflower (variety EC 68413) with six irrigation treatments in main plots and four phosphorus levels in sub-plots. The results indicated that irrigation and phosphorus significantly influenced the LAI and CGR, but the effect on NAR and RGR was not significant. Irrigation at 1.05 IW/CPE ratio with 90 kg/ha of phosphorus recorded highest LAI and CGR in all stages of observation."},{"kind":"article","title":"Study of Comparative Efficiency of Different Modes of Application of Phosphatic Fertilizer To Sorghum Using P32","authors":"SUBRAMANIAN T.L, NATARAJAN C.P, KRISHNAMOORTHY K.K, SREE RAMULU U.S, S. Ramanathan","year":1979,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a02995","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387321023","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/66-9-9-587-589.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The results of a field experiment conducted at the Agricultural Research Station. Bhavanisagar to study the influence of different modes of phosphatic fortilizer application with CSH 1 sorghum as test crop indicated that placement of phospatic fertilizer was found to be superior than broadcast application. Among the different methods of placement tried, the placement of fertilizer 7.5 cm below the seed and 5 cm away from seed is found to be ideal."},{"kind":"article","title":"Significance of Ultramafic and Associated Enclaves in a Charnockite Quarry near Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu","authors":"T. A. Selvan, A. S. Janardhan","year":1979,"doi":"10.17491/jgsi/1979/201106","url":"https://openalex.org/W4404503616","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of the Geological Society of India","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Flora of Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary Tamil nadu India","authors":"Bindu Sharma, B. V. Shetty, K. Vivekananthan, N. C. Rathakrishnan","year":1978,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13458849","url":"https://openalex.org/W2773365566","oa_url":"https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/151797","licence":"cc-by-nc","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)","citations":13,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided."},{"kind":"article","title":"The Soliga of Biligiri Rangana Hills","authors":"S. G. Morab","year":1977,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W649900948","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Anthropological Survey of India, Govt. of India eBooks","citations":8,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Varietal Response of Rice to Nitrogen","authors":"CHANDRAGIRI K.K, RAMAKRISHNAN M.S, N. Sankaran, MOHAMED ALI, P. Gnanamoorthy","year":1977,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03143","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387518612","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/64-1-1-1-4.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Six medium duration dwart indica rice varieties viz. IR 20, IR 22, R. P. 5-3 (Sona). Co. 36 and tall Indica varieties Co. 32 and Bhavani, were tested during kharif seasons of 1972-13 and 1973-74 at Bhavanisagar under five levels of N (80, 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg/ha). The pooled analysis showed that R. P. 5-3 recorded maximum grain yield followed by Co. 36 and IR 20 which were on per, recording a per day production of 46.4, 44.2 and 44,6 kg/ha respectively. 120 kg N/he recorded higher grain yield followed by 80 and 160 kg N/ha which were on par during 1973-74. IR 20 and R. P. 5-3 registered a quad. ratic trend while it was linear with Co. 36. Co. 32 recorded maximum straw yield followed by Bhavani, IR, 20, Co. 36 and R. P. 5-3 (Sona)."},{"kind":"article","title":"FISH PRODUCTION AND FISH POPULATION CHANGES IN SOME SOUTH INDIAN RESERVOIRS","authors":"A. Sreenivasan","year":1976,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2241704919","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":9,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The fish catches and changes in fish populations in seven man-made lakes have been discussed. In Stanley Reservoir, the indigenous Puntius dubius has com-pletely disappeared and Cirrhinus cirrhosa drastically decreased over years. The mahseer disappeared from Stanley and Bhavanisagar. Catfish population increased in both. Introduced fish like Catla, Rohu, Mrigal and L. calbasu have been breed-ing and have established themselves in Stanley. In Bhavanisagar, L. calbasu increased and attained top rank in the catches. Sathanur reservoir developed a unispecies fishery of Catla, wh&amp;apos;ch was introduced after damming. Fish yield ranged from 38.33 to 170.8 Kg|ha in Sathanur, 75.6 to 155.0 Kg|ha in Amaravathy, 14.7 to 37.8 Kg|ha in Stanley and slightly less in others. Common carp failed to establish itself in most of these reservoirs. All these reservoirs are well oxygenated, at least up to the top 5 m and the water quality is congenial for fish life. Dturnal and vertical changes in chemical parameters have been noted. High metabolic rates were noted in most of these reservoirs. Silt turbidity militates against h&amp;apos;gher productivity."},{"kind":"article","title":"Treatment of P. falciparum infection with chloroquine and primaquine in Salem and Sathyamangalam towns of Tamil Nadu.","authors":"C A Shanmugam, K. Chakrapani, A V Ganesan, K Gopalakrishnan, A Murigappan, R. G. Roy, N. L. Sitaraman, R. B. Ghosh","year":1976,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2345057486","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"PubMed","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Spacing of Irrigated Bunch Groundnut in the Lower Bhavani Project Region of Tamil Nadu","authors":"VARISAI MUHAMMAD S, STEPHEN DORAIRAJ M","year":1974,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03429","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387632027","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/61-8-8-477-482.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Study of spacing for irrigated bunch groundnut conducted during August, to December seasons of 1965 to 1967 at Bhavanisagar showed that varving the plant-space under a constant row space decreased the height of main stem and length of primary branches and increased the number of secondary branches, flower production and number of mature and immature pods per plant. The closer spacing of 15 x 15 cm recorded 34.1 per cent increased yield over 21.5 x 15 cm (standard) while all the other spacing treatments produced lower yield. A spacing of 15 x 15 cm with a seed rate of 150 kg/ ha yielded 1,569 kg of pod and resulted in a net income of Rs. 1231/ ha which was Rs. 548/ more than that recorded under 22.5 x 15 cm,"},{"kind":"article","title":"Response of Pearl Millet to Major Nutrients","authors":"KANDASWAMY O.S, THANGAM M.S, RAMAKRISHNAN M.S, CHANDRAGIRI K.K, SRINIVASAN T.R, VARISAI MUHAMMAD S","year":1974,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03410","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387631534","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/61-8-8-353-358.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The response of four hybrid varieties of bajra to the application of N, P and K was studied at Bhavanisagar, Tamil Nadu for three years. The results indicate the response of bajra to nitrogen fertilisation alone. The optimum dose was found to be around 140 kg/ha."},{"kind":"article","title":"Water Requirement and Yield Response of Irrigated Cotton","authors":"MOHAMED ALI A, CHANDRA MOHAN J, R. Shantha","year":1974,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03440","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387631980","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/61-8-8-541-545.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The findings from an irrigation experiment en cotton MCU. 1. conducted during kharif for three years at Bhavanisagar are presented. The optimum moisture regime was found to be from field capacity to 40 per cent moisture availability. The wator require- ment for this moisture regime was found to vary from 674,9 mm to 770.6 mm depending upon the rainfall. The total number of irrigations varied from nine to thirteen, Highest irrigation responses were at highest levels of nitrogen fertilization."},{"kind":"article","title":"Limnological Features of a Tropical Impoundment, Bhavanisagar Reservoir (Tamil Nadu), India","authors":"A. Sreenivasan","year":1974,"doi":"10.1002/iroh.19740590303","url":"https://openalex.org/W2032504051","oa_url":null,"licence":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie","citations":15,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Abstract In the Bhavanisagar Reservoir a stable thermal stratification did not occur, but the thermal stability was fairly high. Oxygen deficits occurred frequently as well as complete anoxic conditions. Influx of flood waters improved the bottom oxygen conditions. This together with other factors indicates a high level of metabolic activity and productivity. Primary production rates were fairly high. There has been a change in fish population; some introduced species (like Catla and Labeo calbasu ) have increased in the catches. It is felt that more fish could be exploited from this reservoir."},{"kind":"article","title":"BIOLOGY OF THE LARGE SNAKE-HEAD OPHICEPHALUS MARULWS; (HAM.) IN BHAVANISAGAR WATERS","authors":"M Devaraj","year":1973,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2252560404","oa_url":"http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/download/12397/6121","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Fisheries","citations":11,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Lengthfrequency distribution of OpA/cepAa/(«war«/i«i(Hani.)fromPoongar Swamp dissected out by probability plot technique produced fouryear classes, von Bertalanffy's growth equation adequately describes the growth of O. marulius. The mean length at first maturity is 460 mm in females and 550 miu in males. The Im/Loo value for the former is 0.41 and for the latter 0.45. A rapid fall in fecundity is observed in olderfishes (4 year and above). Peak spawning occurs during November and December in the swamp but during June and July in theriver and reservoir. Parental care ceases when the young ones are 4-month old. Fish less than 50mm long feed on zooplankton especially Dapfiniabni those 50 to 110mm long prey upon Macrohrachium and larger insect nymphs"},{"kind":"reference","title":"The Mettur Township Courtallam Township and Bhavanisagar Township (Amendment) Bill, 1972","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1972,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-05-1972-6-29-2-BC3_1972-12-13","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Rosette Disease of Groundnut I. The Pattern of Spread of the Disease","authors":"G. Kousalya, S. Bhaskaran, Kalyanakrishnan Ramakrishnan, KRISHNAMURTHY C.S","year":1971,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03513","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387834035","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/58-7-7-561-568.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"India is one of the important groundnut growing countries in the world. Tamilnadu occupies the third place in India as for as groundnut is concerned. Rosette disease of groundnut caused by a virus is gaining importance in India. Sundararaman (1926) first reported the occurrence of the disease at Palur and called it \"clump disease\". Storey (1935) is of the opinion that natural spread of rosette virus is by the vector Aphis laburni. Storey and Ryland (1955) pointed out the importance of apterous and alate aphids in spreading the disease under field conditions. Rogur Hull (1964) has pointed out the effect of spacing on the primary spread by winged aphids before secondary spread. A thorough knowledge of the source of infection, rate, distance and mode of spread of any disease is essential for devising control measure for the disease. Information on the sources of infection can often be gained by studying the distribution of infected plants within a crop which may in turn, suggest the method to be adopted in controlling the disease. Van der Plank (1946) has distinguished two kinds of spread, namely, random distribution and distribution in groups. He has suggested a formula for estimating random distribution of the disease within a crop. Using this formula studies were made on the pattern of spread of rosette disease in irrigated crop of TMV-2 variety of groundnut in the 1964 season at Coimbatore and Bhavanisagar."},{"kind":"article","title":"Water requirements of maize crops at Bhavanisagar.","authors":"Ahmad Ali, Jitendra Mohan, A. Sennimalai, Y. B. Morachan","year":1970,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W619973253","oa_url":"https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19711704706","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Farming","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Bhavanisagar experiments show the way: efficient water management for groundnut.","authors":"Jitendra Mohan","year":1970,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2992873585","oa_url":"https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19711700638.html","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Farming","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"High Yielding Groundnut Bunch Cultures with Seed Dormancy","authors":"VARISAI MUHAMMAD S, N. Ramachandran, T. Ramanathan","year":1969,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03577","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387945325","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/56-5-5-234-238.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Bunch variety of groundnut is non-dormant in nature and pods sprout in the field if wet weather prevails at the time of maturity. Seed dormancy in groundnut is governed by multiple factors (John et al., 1948). As result a of hybridisation work a partially dormant selection, 'A. h. 6481 (progeny of a cross between 'Gudiyatham Bunch' and 'Native Tanganyika') was evolved in Madras State (Seshadri, 1962). Recently a new bunch strain TMV7 was evolved by pureline selection from \"Tennessee White\" variety which has seed dormancy besides high yield (Varisai Muhammad et al., unpubl.). Certain promising hybrids were isolated by Ramachandran et al (1967) which possess seed dormancy and this character was observed to be partially dominant over non-dormancy. Six out of 206 bunch varieties maintained at Bhavanisagar possess high degree of dormancy (Varisai Muhammad and Stephen Durairai, 1968). High yielding bunch cultures which have seed dormancy were evolved by hybridisation at the Regional Research Station, Tindivanam. An account of the yield performance, dormancy and economic attributes of the promising cultures is presented in this paper."},{"kind":"article","title":"Flowering Pattern and Reproductive Efficiency in Bunch Varieties of Arachis hypogaea L.","authors":"VARISAI MUHAMMAD S, STEPHEN DORAIRAJ M","year":1969,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03578","url":"https://openalex.org/W4387945167","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/56-5-5-239-243.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The study on the flowering pattern and productive efficiency was undertaken to bring out the different patterns of flowering and their influence on reproductive efficiency by utilising the availability of large number of bunch varieties of groundnut at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar."},{"kind":"article","title":"Optimum Dose of Fertilizers for Ragi in the Lower Bhavani Project","authors":"ANANTHAPADMANABHAN C.D, R APPADURAI, SESHU K.A","year":1967,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03772","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388162715","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/54-12-12-609-612.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"In the Lower Bhavani Project ayacut, Ragi was one of the major food crops raised under pre-project conditions. The soils of the ayacut are poor in nutrients resulting in low yield of crops. It was therefore, to be expected that the crops would respond to application of fertilizers under conditions of canal irrigation. To study the response of Ragi under irrigated conditions to different manurial treatments for fixing the optimum and economic manurial practice, manurial trials were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar from 1960-61 to 1964-65 and the results of these trials are presented in this paper."},{"kind":"article","title":"INCIDENCE OF ISOPARORCHlS HYPSELOBAGRI (BILLET, 1898) (fREMATODA, HEMIURIDAE) AMONG THE CATFISHES OF BHAVANISAGAR RESERVOIR","authors":"M Devaraj, Venkatalakshmi Ranganathan","year":1967,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W3154492789","oa_url":"http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/download/13499/6741","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Fisheries","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Southwell (1913) described lsoparorchis hypselobagri. found inside the cavity of the air-bladdel of a freshwater catfish, WaJlago attu, caught from a tank at Bankipur, Bengal. He observed cent per cent infection in the adult W, attu examined. According to him, the worms collected by Capt. Parker in 1910 from the flesh of the mabseer, Barhus tor, were immature I. hypselobagri. Achan (1956) recorded 65 per cent infection among this fish in the Bhavanisagar reservoir with a maximum of fOfty worms in a single host. The incidence of this worm in the air-bladder of W. atfu, in the viscera and body musculature of Ca/lichrous bimaculatus and the destruction of the ovary in Mystus oar and some aspects of host-parasite relationship based on observations made during 1964-65 are described in this communication."},{"kind":"article","title":"FISH \" SEED\" RESOURCES OF SOME RIVERS IN SOUTH INDIA","authors":"A. David, B V Govind, N. Gopala Rao, Rajagopal Kadavigere","year":1967,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2276659003","oa_url":"http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/download/13335/6717","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Fisheries","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Information on the quality and magnitude of fish seed resources of peninsular Indian rivers is fragmentary. Riverine collection of major carp spawn continues to remain the primary source of spawn production in the country, accounting for 91.6% of the total spawn production (Govt, of India—Report, 1966). Qualitative and quantitative aspects of spawn occurrence in the Godavari and Krishna rivers have been analysed by Chacko (1946), Chacko and Sreenivasan (1955) and Ibrahim (1961). Raj (1930) reported the breeding of Catla (implanted into the Cauvery from the Godavari since 1922) at Hoginakal falls above Mettur Reservoir. Ganapathi and Alikunhi (1949) reported collection of spawn and hatchlings of major carps in large numbers from the Godavari, Tungabhadra, Cauvery, Bhavani and Moyar rivers. David (1959) indicated the known spawning grounds and fry and fingerling collection sites of indigenous carps of peninsular Indian rivers."},{"kind":"reference","title":"Proposal to let out water from Bhavanisagar","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1966,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-3-1966-8-35-4-QH2_1966-03-10","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Results of Manurial Trials in Madras State on Cotton","authors":"A MARIAKULANDAΙ, MORACHAN Y.B","year":1965,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03832","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388059879","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/52-4-4-147-155.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"Manurial experiments on cotton have been done in Madras State mainly in the Agricultural Research Stations at Koilpatti (black soil) and Coimbatore (mixed black and red soils). Experiments were conducted in recent years at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar also. The experiments are reviewed separately for rainfed conditions (cotton-dry) and for those grown under garden land conditions (cotton - irrigated)."},{"kind":"article","title":"Studies on grasses with special reference to their fodder production potential on contour bunds","authors":"Assitant Botanist,Soil Conservation Scheme, Ootachamund, MADHAVA RAO S, RAMASWAMY K.P, Assitant in Botany, Bhavanisagar","year":1965,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a03853","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388085408","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/52-9-9-391-393.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The findings of a study carried out at the Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar on the fodder value of grasses raised on contour bunds are reported in this article. In addition to assuring economic return for the farmer, the growing of grasses on contours acta as a protection for the bunds."},{"kind":"article","title":"A hydrological study of a tropical impoundment, Bhavanisagar Reservoir, Madras State, India, for the years 1956?1961","authors":"A. Sreenivasan","year":1964,"doi":"10.1007/bf00142000","url":"https://openalex.org/W2011752131","oa_url":null,"licence":"http://www.springer.com/tdm","full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Hydrobiologia","citations":47,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Ecology of the fishes of the rivers Pykara and Moyar (Nilgiris), South India","authors":"S Rajan","year":1963,"doi":"10.1007/bf03052109","url":"https://openalex.org/W86721613","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A","citations":6,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"VARiATtONS m THE dHEMlCAL COMl*OSlTtOl4 OF THREE FRESHWATER FISHES OF BHAVANISAGAR RESERVOIR","authors":"A. Sreenivasan, M. Natarajan","year":1961,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2258656376","oa_url":"http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJF/article/download/13561/6777","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Indian Journal of Fisheries","citations":1,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"FAT variation in marine species of fish has been studied extensively in India (Venkataraman and Chari, 1953; Vasavan et al, 1960). But it is not known whether any such variations occur in freshwater fishes. Three dominant species of Bhavanisagar Reservoir were therefore chosen for this study, the fishes taken up being two cat fishes Wallago attu and Macrones (Mystus) aor, and a cyprinid, Barbus dubius."},{"kind":"article","title":"Free amino acids of some fresh water fishes of Bhavanisagar reservoir.","authors":"A. Sreenivasan, F. Chandrasekaran","year":1961,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W2347060094","oa_url":"https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19621400226.html","licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research","citations":2,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Bhavanisagar National Extension Scheme","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1958,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-2-1958-3-8-1-QH1_1958-02-10","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"Soil Erosion Problems in the Nilgiris","authors":"S. Narayanaswamy, REGE N.D","year":1957,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a04151","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388434051","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/44-6-6-219-227.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The Nilgiri district in the Madras State lies between latitude 11°-7' and 11°-40'N and longitude 76°-15\" and 77° and has an area of 989 squire miles. It is bounded on the north and south by the rivers Moyar and Bhavani and by Coimbatore district on the east and Malabar-Wynaad on the west. The whole of the district has a very undulating topography with mostly very steep and long slope and was once covered with dense vegetation such as forest, grasses, bushes, etc. But the introduction of potato during the latter part of 19th century and leasing of Government lands for its cutivation led to extensive clearance of these areas. During the grow more food campagin, a large extent. was still further brought under potato cultivation through the extensive destruction of the protective cover. During the last 40 years the area brought under cultivation has practically doubled. At present more than 1,20,000 acres are being cultivated with semi-permanent and annual crops."},{"kind":"reference","title":"Transfer of Gramasevak Training Centre from Parli in Palghat Taluk to Bhavanisagar","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly","year":1955,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLA-DB-1-1955-8-28-2-QH46_1955-11-22","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"The Bhavanisagar Township Bill, 1954","authors":"Tamil Nadu Legislative Council","year":1954,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/TNLC-DB-1954-8-8-BC3_1954-08-16","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"SOIL SURVEY OF THE LOWER BHAVANI PROJECT AREA","authors":"Soil Survey of The Lower Bhavani Project Area, LAKSHMANA RAO T, BALAKRISHNAN M.R, Soil Survey of The Lower Bhavani Project Area","year":1935,"doi":"10.29321/maj.10.a04852","url":"https://openalex.org/W4388780959","oa_url":"https://masujournal.org/store_file/archive/22-2-2-64-67.pdf","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Madras Agricultural Journal","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":"The object of this paper is to give in a succinct form the work of an Agricultural Chemist and the necessity for consulting him in launching any new irrigation project. With this purpose a descriptive account is given of the work done by the Chemistry Section here in connection with the Lower Bhavani Project. This project aims at constructing a dam across the river Bhavani at a place 9 miles west of Satyamangalam and taking a channel from there across the country in a south-easterly direction to join the river Cauvery somewhere near Kodumudi. The strip of land which thus lies between this channel on one side and the rivers Bhavani and the Cauvery on the other is about 60 to 70 miles long and of an average breadth of 4 to 5 miles. The total area which will thus get to be under irrigation when the channel becomes a fait accompli will be about 200,000 acres, the main crops being millets, nadam cotton and occasionally groundnut. There is no doubt that when the area comes under irrigation we will be greatly adding to the prosperity of the whole tract by enabling ryots to go in for more paying crops which for want of water they are unable to raise now."},{"kind":"article","title":"Notes on Fishes in the Indian Museum. Part II. On a new species of Nemachilus from the Nilgiri Hills","authors":"Sunder Lal Hora","year":1921,"doi":"10.26515/rzsi/v22/i1/1921/163527","url":"https://openalex.org/W4292177682","oa_url":"http://recordsofzsi.com/index.php/zsoi/article/download/163527/112820","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Records of the Zoological Survey of India","citations":3,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"No Abstract."},{"kind":"reference","title":"Battle of Sittimungulum (Sathyamangalam) — Third Anglo-Mysore War","authors":"Contemporary EIC dispatches; catalogued as Sittimungulum / Sattiamungulum / Sathinungulum","year":1790,"doi":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sittimungulum","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"“Mana Ulachal”: Ecological Change, Cultural Transition, and Generational Expressions of Distress among Indigenous Communities of the Nilgiris, India","authors":"Geetha K Veliah; Padma Venkatasubramanian","year":null,"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8693886/v1","url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8693886/v1","oa_url":null,"licence":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Abstract\n                Background:\n Indigenous wellbeing is deeply connected to land, livelihood, and cultural continuity, yet rapid ecological and social transformations are reshaping how distress is experienced and expressed. In the Nilgiri Hills of South India, Indigenous communities increasingly use the Tamil phrase mana ulachal to describe states of mental strain or inner disturbance. This study examines how mana ulachal functions as a culturally situated expression of distress emerging from changing relationships between environment, economy, and generational life.\nMethods:\n An exploratory qualitative study was conducted across six Indigenous settlements in the Nilgiri Hills. Forty-nine participants representing elder (≥ 50 years) and younger (18–50 years) generations were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through conversational in-depth interviews and ethnographic observation between 2022 and 2023. Interviews were conducted in Tamil and local tribal languages with translation support. Transcripts and field notes were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and constant comparison to identify recurring patterns in how mana ulachal was understood and experienced.\nResults:\n Nine interconnected pathways of evolving distress were identified: ecological displacement from forests; transition to cash economies; land leasing and monoculture landscapes; debt and microfinance pressures; gendered burdens of responsibility; the education and aspiration paradox; loss of cultivation and traditional foods; tourism-related commodification; and erosion of generational knowledge. Elders primarily linked mana ulachal to ecological loss and cultural discontinuity, while younger participants emphasized economic pressures, education-related dissonance, and changing aspirations. Across pathways, distress was framed as relational — arising when balance between land, livelihood, identity, and community was disrupted.\nDiscussion:\n Findings position mana ulachal as a relational idiom of distress that connects emotional experience to ecological change, market integration, governance structures, and generational transition. Rather than reflecting an individual mental disorder, mana ulachal articulates the psychosocial consequences of living through rapid environmental and cultural transformation. The study underscores the importance of culturally grounded frameworks that recognize land-based relationships, social roles, and knowledge continuity as central to Indigenous wellbeing.\nConclusion:\n Mana ulachal offers insight into how Indigenous communities in the Nilgiris experience and communicate distress amid ongoing ecological and social change. Addressing such distress requires approaches that extend beyond individual clinical models to include cultural continuity, livelihood security, respectful tourism, and support for intergenerational knowledge systems."},{"kind":"article","title":"A Paradigm Shift in the Saving Investment Pattern of Rural South India – With Specific Reference to Gobichettipalayam and Chennimalai, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Nandini Jagannarayan","year":null,"doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4003342","url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4003342","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"India is a developing country where the middle-class has relatively grown monetarily stronger and with increase in the spending power of the adults, even the young have become free-hand spenders and spendthrifts in some cases. This paper discusses on the age-wise spending, saving and investment pattern of the youth. The youth referred to here are of the age group 18-40 years of age. With the rocketing economy, the buying and saving trends are also changing.  There was once a time when these rural areas had a lot of idle savings which proved to be a barrier for economic development of these areas. Now the youth have started playing a vital role in enhancing the consumption and investment expenditure of these rural areas and by breaking the vicious cycle of poverty. Despite being financially dependent on the parents till about 25-26 years, there is a radical difference observed in the spending – saving behaviour of the youth of our country. This study of saving and its investment pattern in rural areas of erode district will try to identify some of the important issues relating to the economic development of these rural areas of Gobichettipalayam and Chennimalai. This paper is an attempt to studying the spending, saving and investment habits of the youth in the rural areas of Erode district and how this has resulted in breaking the vicious cycle of poverty, Tamilnadu, more specifically (Gobichettipalayam and Chennimalai)."},{"kind":"reference","title":"The Bhavanisagar Township Act, 1954","authors":null,"year":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/1954TN25","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"நூல் - Proceedings of the second seminar of gramasevikas of the Madras state held at Bhavanisagar from the 4th March 1959 to 6th March 1959","authors":null,"year":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://archive.org/details/tdl.59969-proceedings-of-the-second-seminar-of-gramasevikas-of-the-madras-state-","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"The Soliga of Biligiri Rangana Hills / S.G. Morab","authors":null,"year":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://openalex.org/W7145461741","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"article","title":"An Account Of The Primitive Tribes And Monuments Of The Nīlagiris. S.M. Breeks (Ed.). London: India Museum.","authors":"J.W. Breeks","year":null,"doi":"10.5281/zenodo.439668","url":"https://openalex.org/W4291669631","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.439668","licence":"cc-by","full_text_ok":1,"venue":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","citations":0,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":"Posthumous report of the excavations on the Nilgiri Hills carried out by J.W. Breeks in the 1860s."},{"kind":"reference","title":"Wikidata Q2226064 — Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve","authors":"Structured identifiers linking the open-knowledge graph","year":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2226064","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Sathyamangalam (town and taluk)","authors":"Wikipedia — demographics, transport, administration","year":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathyamangalam","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve","authors":"Wikipedia — census history, notifications, corridors","year":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sathyamangalam_Tiger_Reserve","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Erode District — Forest department","authors":"District administration","year":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://erode.nic.in/departments/forest/","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"B","abstract":null},{"kind":"reference","title":"Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve official portal","authors":"Tamil Nadu Forest Department — census figures, GOs, tenders, bookings","year":null,"doi":null,"url":"https://sathytiger.tn.gov.in/about","oa_url":null,"licence":null,"full_text_ok":0,"venue":null,"citations":null,"relevance_tier":"A","abstract":null}]